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This essay is an ecocritical analysis on William Wordsworths “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” and Edgar Allan Poes “Alone”. It investigates the depiction of nature, the space within nature poetry and the common theme of loneliness in the poems. The ecocritical perspective plays the main part of this essay because of the similarity between the ecocriticism and romantic poetry in the upliftment of nature, and the erasure of the dividing line between human and nature. The main material is Timothy Mortons Ecology without nature, Jane Bennetts Vibrant Matter and Scott Knickerbockers Ecopoetics. The results of the essay show how the depiction of nature contributes to the representation of the poet’s emotion and relation to nature and the past. It shows how the space, the distance between human and nature, maintains because we can’t get closer to nature than through figurations, anthropomorphisms. It also shows how the loneliness further establishes the space and is quite different between Wordsworth and Poe, whereas Wordsworth doesn’t feel as alone as Poe because of his closer relation to nature.

Allocation to private infrastructure debt investments has increased in the recent years [15]. For managers of multi-asset portfolios, it is important to be able to assess the risk of the total portfolio and the contribution to risk of the various holdings in the portfolio. This includes being able to explain the risk of having private infrastructure debt investments in the portfolio. The modelling of private infrastructure debt face many challenges, such as the lack of private data and public indices for private infrastructure debt. In this thesis, two approaches for modelling private infrastructure debt in a parametric risk factor model are proposed. Both approaches aim to incorporate revenue risk, which is the risk occurring from the type of revenue model in the infrastructure project or company. Revenue risk is categorised into three revenue models; merchant, contracted and regulated, as spread level differences can be distinguished for private infrastructure debt investments using this categorisation. The difference in spread levels between the categories are used to estimate β coefficients for the two modelling approaches. The spread levels are obtained from a data set and from a previous study. In the first modelling approach, the systematic risk factor approach, three systematic risk factors are introduced where each factor represent infrastructure debt investments with a certain revenue model. The risk or the volatility for each of these factors is the volatility of a general infrastructure debt index adjusted with one of the β coefficients. In the second modelling approach, the idiosyncratic risk term approach, three constant risk terms for the revenue models are added in order to capture the revenue risk for private infrastructure debt investments. These constant risk terms are estimated with the β coefficients and the historical volatility of a infrastructure debt index. For each modelling approach, the commonly used risk measures standalone risk and risk contribution are presented for the entire block of the infrastructure debt specific factors and for each of the individual factors within this block. Both modelling approaches should enable for better explanation of risk in private infrastructure debt investments by introducing revenue risk. However, the modelling approaches have not been backtested and therefore no conclusion can be made in regards to whether one of the proposed modelling approaches actually is better than current modelling approaches for private infrastructure debt. / Investeringar i privat infrastrukturskuld har ökat de senaste åren [15]. För βägare av portföljer med investeringar i samtliga tillgångsslag är det viktigt att kunna urskilja risken från de olika innehaven i portföljen. Det finns många utmaningar vad gäller modellering av privat infrastrukturskuld, så som den begränsade mängden privat data och publika index för privat infrastrukturskuld. I denna uppsats föreslås två tillvägagångssätt för att modellera privat infrastrukturskuld i en parametrisk riskfaktormodell. Båda tillvägagångssätten eftersträvar att inkorporera intäktsrisk, vilket är risken som beror på den underliggande intäktsmodellen i ett infrastrukturprojekt eller företag. Intäksrisk delas in i intäksmodellerna "merchant", "contracted" och "regulated", då en skillnad i spreadnivå mellan privata infrastrukturskuldinvesteringar kan urskiljas med denna kategorisering. Skillnaden i spreadnivå mellan de olika kategorierna används för att estimera β -koefficienter som används i båda tillvägagångssätten. Spreadnivåerna erhålls från ett dataset och från en tidigare studie. I det första tillvägagångssättet, den systematiska riskfaktor-ansatsen, introduceras tre systematiska riskfaktorer som representerar infrastrukturskuldinvesteringar med en viss intäktsmodell. Risken eller volatiliten för dessa faktorer är densamma som volatiliteten för ett index för infrastrukturskuld justerat med en av β -koefficienterna. I det andra tillvägagångssättet, den idriosynktratiska riskterm-ansatsen, adderas tre konstanta risktermer för intäktsmodellerna för att fånga upp intäktsrisken i de privata infrastrukturinvesteringarna. De konstanta risktermerna är estimerade med β -koefficienterna och en historisk volatilitet för ett index för infrastrukturskuld. För båda tillvägagångssätten presenteras riskmåtten stand-alone risk1 och risk contribution2. Riskmåtten ges för ett block av samtliga faktorer för infrastrukturskuld och för varje enskild faktor inom detta block. Båda tillvägagångssätten borde möjliggöra bättre förklaring av risken för privata infrastrukturskuldinvesteringar i en större portfölj genom att ta hänsyn till intäktsrisken. De två tillvägagångssätten för modelleringen har dock ej testats. Därför kan ingen slutsats dras med hänsyn till huruvida ett av tillvägagångssätten är bättre än de som används för närvärande för modellering av privat infrastrukturskuld.

A novel probabilistic method has been developed for modelling the operation of energy storage in electricity systems with significant amounts of wind and solar powered generation. This method is based on a spectral analysis of the variations of wind speed and solar irradiance together with profiles of electrical demand. The method has been embodied in two Matlab computer programs: Wind power only: This program models wind power on any time scale from seconds to years, with limited modelling of demand profiles. This program is only capable of modelling stand-alone systems, or systems in which the electrical demand is replaced by a weak grid connection with limited export capacity. 24-hours: This program models wind power, solar PV power and electrical demand, including seasonal and diurnal effects of each. However, this program only models store cycle times (variations within a time scale) of 24 hours. This program is capable of modelling local electrical demand at the same time as a grid connection with import or export capacity and a backup generator. Each of these programs has been validated by comparing its results with those from a time step program, making four Matlab programs in total. All four programs calculate the power flows to and from the store, satisfied demand, unsatisfied demand and curtailed power. The programs also predict the fractions of time that the store spends full, empty, filling or emptying. The results obtained are promising. Probabilistic program results agree well with time step results over a wide range of input data and time scales. The probabilistic method needs further refinement, but can be used to perform initial modelling and feasibility studies for renewable energy systems. The probabilistic method has the advantage that the required input data is less, and the computer run time is reduced, compared to the time step method.

This paper deals with a question, how the apostle Paul saw the Christian church in relation to Israel as a people of God in the epistle to the Galatians. As it is an epistle written for a particular reason to the particular people, the first part of the paper deals with a brief analysis of the epistle as such and its context. The main part of the paper is focused on Paul's specific arguments. The role of Paul's conversion, his mission among the gentiles and his relationship with the Jerusalem authorities are evaluated at first. The paper clarifies also what the Antioch incident was about. What follows is the crucial analysis of the term "works of the Law", against which Paul places the faith alone. The paper subsequently focuses on the exposition of the role of Abraham in Paul's theological thoughts. How Paul saw the curse of the Law and how he understood the Jewish Law as such is examined as well. Paul's concept of the church as the newly redefined people of God is demonstrated on the idea of the freedom in the end.

Introdução - A dinâmica do arranjo domiciliar (unipessoal ou acompanhado) e outros condicionantes podem influenciar o estado nutricional de idosos. Objetivo - Verificar a associação entre estado nutricional e variáveis referidas: arranjo domiciliar, alimentação, demográficas, socioeconômicas e clínicas, em coorte de idosos, domiciliados no município de São Paulo, em 2000 e 2006. Métodos - A população de estudo foi composta por idosos ( 60 anos), de ambos os sexos, participantes do Estudo SABE, em 2000 e 2006. As variáveis de estudo foram: estado nutricional, adequado (massa muscular, segundo área muscular do braço, percentil 25) e inadequado (massa muscular < percentil 25), dinâmica do arranjo domiciliar (mudança de unipessoal ou acompanhado, de 2000 para 2006); grupos etários (60-74 e 75); sexo; escolaridade ( 8 ou > 8 anos); renda mensal per capita, em quartis; alimentação, segundo número de refeições/dia (< 3 ou 3), e frequência de ingestão de alimentos, com resposta dicotômica (sim ou não): laticínios - 1 vez/dia, ovos ou leguminosas - 1 vez/semana; carnes - 3 vezes/semana; frutas, verduras ou legumes - 2 vezes/dia; sintomas depressivos, segundo Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (ausência: escore < 6, leves: 6 e < 11, e graves - 11). Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se teste de Rao & Scott, razão de prevalência (RP) e regressão logística múltipla (p<0,05); e o programa Stata/SE® 10.1 for Windows. Resultados - Verificou-se associação positiva, com maior chance, para estado nutricional inadequado com grupo etário 75 anos (OR=1,53; IC=1,191,95; p=0,001); com sintomas depressivos graves (OR=2,07; IC=1,133,80; p=0,020); com dinâmica do arranjo domiciliar: acompanhado2000 e sozinho-2006 (OR=1,80; IC=0,98-3,31; p=0,056), e associação negativa, com menor chance, para ingestão referida de laticínios (OR= 0,60; IC= 0,38 0,96; p=0,034). Identificou-se prevalência de estado nutricional inadequado em 32 por cento dos idosos que apresentaram mudança do arranjo domiciliar (acompanhado-2000 e unipessoal-2006), assim como do grupo etário 75; e em 24 por cento , daqueles que referiram ingestão de laticínios, e, ainda, em 35 por cento , daqueles, com sintomas depressivos graves. Conclusão - Constatou-se associação positiva, de estado nutricional inadequado, com grupo etário 75, sintomas depressivos graves, mudança da dinâmica do arranjo domiciliar (acompanhado unipessoal), e negativa, para ingestão referida de laticínios / Introduction - The dynamic of living arrangement (alone or accompanied) and other conditions may influence the nutritional status of elderly. Objective - To study the association between nutritional status and such variables: living arrangement, food, demographic, socioeconomic and clinical, in a cohort of elderly people, living in São Paulo in 2000 and 2006. Methods - The study population consisted of elderly ( 60 years) of both genders, participants in the SABE Study, in 2000 and 2006. The variables were: nutritional status, adequate (muscle mass, the second arm muscle area, 25th percentile) and inadequate (muscle mass < 25th percentile), the dynamic of living arrangement (change of living alone or accompanied, from 2000 to 2006); age groups (60-74 and 75), gender, education ( 8 or > 8 years), monthly income per capita in quartiles, food, according to the number of meals/day (< 3 or 3), and frequency food intake, with dichotomous response (yes or no): dairy - 1 time/day, eggs or legume - 1 time/week; meat - 3 times/week, fruits, greenery or vegetables - 2 times/days, depressive symptoms, according to the Geriatric Depression Scale (absence: a score < 6, mild: 6 and < 11, and severe - 11). To investigate the association between variables, it was used test Rao & Scott, prevalence ratio (PR) and multiple logistic regression (p < 0.05) and Stata/SE 10.1 for Windows®. Results - There was a positive association, with a greatest chance for inadequate nutritional status with age group 75 years (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.19 to 1.95, p = 0.001), with severe depressive symptoms (OR = 2.07, CI = 1.13 to 3.80, p = 0.020), with the dynamic of living arrangement, accompanied-2000 and alone-2006 (OR = 1.80, CI = 0.98 to 3.31; p = 0.056) and negatively associated with less chance for the intake of dairy products (OR = 0.60, CI = 0.38 to 0.96, p = 0.034). It was identified a prevalence of inadequate nutritional status in 32 per cent of the elderly, showing change of living arrangement (accompanied-alone-2000 and 2006), as well as the age group 75, and 24 per cent of those who reported intake of dairy products, and also in 35 per cent of those with severe depressive symptoms. Conclusion - It was found a positive association of inadequate nutritional status, with age group 75, severe depressive symptoms, dynamic of living arrangement (together - alone) change, and negative, for the intake of dairy products

In this thesis, solar-hydrogen Stand-Alone Power System (SAPS) which is planned to be built for the emergency room of a hospital is designed. The system provides continuous, off-grid electricity during the whole period of a year without any external electrical power supply. The system consists of Photovoltaic (PV) panels, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) based electrolyzers, PEM based fuel cells, hydrogen tanks, batteries, a control mechanism and auxiliary equipments such as DC/AC converters, water pump, pipes and hydrogen dryers. The aim of this work is to investigate the optimal system configuration and component sizing which yield to high performance and low cost for different user needs and control strategies. TRNSYS commercial software is used for the overall system design and simulations. Numerical models of the PV panels, the control mechanism and the PEM electrolyzers are developed by using theoretical and experimental data and the models are integrated into TRNSYS. Overall system models include user-defined components as well as the default software components. The electricity need of the emergency room without any shortage is supplied directly from the PV panels or by the help of the batteries and the fuel cells when the solar energy is not enough. The pressure level in the hydrogen tanks and the overall system efficiency are selected as the key design parameters. The major component parameters and various control strategies affecting the hydrogen tank pressure and the system efficiency are analyzed and the results are presented.

This study presented an overview of the use of Photovoice technique as an information gathering tool that is useful in the study of aging. The processes followed in this study lead to a possible method that could be helpful when assessing needs as they relate to activities of daily living as well as wellness information for individuals. The photos collected in this study along with first person accounts of the pictures enhanced the breadth and depth of information when compared to a traditional survey tool used to study activities of daily living. This study looked at the phenomenon of staying vital in ones home in the later stages of the life span from the perspective of the person living in the situation. / Fisher Institute for Wellness and Gerontology

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 godoy_rb_dr_ilha.pdf: 3494392 bytes, checksum: 572327823a0ebf4a37a2c4352c009edc (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Uma das importantes aplicações dos sistemas inversores está associada ao fornecimento de energia elétrica. Com este foco destacam-se o fornecimento para cargas críticas, o fornecimento em áreas desprovidas dos usuais sistemas de transmissão e distribuição e aplicações com multi-fontes primárias de energia, incluindo-se neste caso, as aplicações para geração distribuída, com possibilidade de conectividade com a rede elétrica de distribuição ou, com o paralelismo entre estruturas isoladas. Atualmente, topologias e filosofias de controle que atendam as características das aplicações supracitadas são de interesse técnico e científico. Neste sentido, a possibilidade de paralelismo entre inversores sem interconexão do controle tem se mostrado atrativa à medida que se exigem sistemas distribuídos e adaptáveis às variações paramétricas do circuito. Entretanto, problemas de estabilidade e resposta dinâmica devem ser solucionados para garantir a confiabilidade de tais sistemas. Sendo assim, neste trabalho inicialmente é realizada a modelação em espaço de estados de sistemas compostos por inversores cuja filosofia de controle esteja embasada nas curvas P- e Q-V. Com esta modelação, tornam-se possíveis avaliações de estabilidade e resposta dinâmica através dos autovalores da matriz de estados. Propõe-se assim a busca da estabilidade dos sistemas com melhores respostas dinâmicas através de alterações nos valores da matriz de estados, resultando-se em autovalores que representem parâmetros de desempenho otimizados. Obviamente que alterações na matriz de estados estão associadas a alterações na planta, contudo, alterações em parâmetros físicos não são interessantes, uma vez que não são simples de serem obtidas na prática. Sendo assim, são propostas alterações nas constantes que definem as inclinações das curvas de controle P- e Q-V... / One of main applications of inverter systems is associated to electrical energy supply. With this focus it emphasizes the supply of energy to critical loads, the supply of energy to areas devoid of the usual transmission and distribution systems of energy and the use of primary energy in multi-fonts applications, including in this case, distributed generation applications with grid connectivity or, parallelism in stand alone applications. Currently, topologies and control philosophies capable to assure the applications characteristics above mentioned are in technical and scientific interests. In this way, the possibility of inverter parallelism with no control interconnection has showed attractive, since distributed systems and adaptable systems to parametric variations are mandatory nowadays. However, stability troubles and inadequate dynamic responses must be solved to ensure reliability of these systems. So, in this work is performed the state space modeling of systems set by inverters whose control philosophy is based on P- and Q-V curves. With this modeling it becomes possible evaluations of stability and dynamic response through state matrix eigenvalues. Thus, it proposes to assure the systems stability and better dynamic responses through changes on state matrix values, resulting in eigenvalues that represent optimized performance parameters. Obviously those variations in state matrix are associated with plant variations, however, physical parameters variations are not interesting, seeing that it is not simple to be obtained in practical situations. In face of this are proposed variations in constants that define the slopes of P- and Q-V curves. These slopes intervene directly on state matrix values and consequently in systems eigenvalues. The variations on constants are not performed randomly, nevertheless based on evolutionary algorithm capable to search values that represent...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)