This ethnographic study examined the relationship between the sense of community and music education within the community of Santa Marta in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and a public high school in New York City. Guided by Turino’s (2008) framework for participatory music making and McMillan and Chavis’s (1986) framework for the sense of community, the pedagogical and musical practices of Santa Marta were observed and analyzed to form a definition of a participatory music community. This definition was used to examine the impact of participatory practices on a samba ensemble within a New York City high school. The findings describe how participatory music education both influences and is influenced by the participants’ senses of community in both settings and explores applications of participatory music methods to school-based music, particularly within urban settings. Participatory characteristics were found to be imbedded in samba’s musical structure, including the repetition of rhythms, the simultaneous use of advanced and simplified patterns, and the flexibility of the size of the ensemble. Music events in Santa Marta often lacked artist-audience distinctions with situations of performance and learning occurring simultaneously. Decentralized group learning was found to be a pedagogical tool with information stored in the community’s memory. Inclusive pedagogies, which allowed players of various skill levels to perform together in the same ensembles, maximized participation in both sites. These characteristics created a pedagogical structure that addressed many of the identified challenges of urban school music and provided opportunities for active student engagement. This study presents a possible way forward for music education in urban settings, a path based on creating an inclusive educational environment. In schools where sequenced music programs, funding, and stabile student populations don’t exist, participatory music has the potential to create ways for students of varying skill levels to find a place in school music communities.

Alternative music was a cultural practice, which became a significant feature of New Zealand's local and national history over the last two decades of the twentieth century. Features of technology, economics and music culture influenced the creation and course of local independent music scenes, along with factors such as cultural remoteness. This thesis isolates and collates key factors and time periods of international music industry history, and refracts the information through alternative music in general, providing a coherent definition of the term. The history and definitions of New Zealand's alternative music history are then assessed for the period 1981-2001, with especial reference to the Flying Nun label and 'Dunedin Sound'.

The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to understand the function and significance of Java Jam--an annual music performance event at a public high school in which students select and rehearse music to perform. Five questions guided the study: How do different groups of Pikeford High School community members view Java Jam? How does Java Jam influence music-making? What are the successes and failures of Java Jam? What are the connections between Java Jam participants and school music? And, how does Java Jam affect the Pikeford High School community? In this study, I provide a detailed description of Java Jam through the perspective of 24 participants representing varied roles among PHS community members: students, teachers, parents, and alumni. The study was bound by both time and place, and data were collected at Pikeford High School during the 2013-2014 school year. Data used in this study consist of personal interviews, a focus group session, observations, and archival data submitted by participants. The research results are presented as both a personal narrative and case description from participant perspectives. This study provides an example of extracurricular alternative music making in which students engage in self-directed learning and peer learning. This study impacts the field of music education in that it demonstrates positive outcomes from an event such as Java Jam, including increased student autonomy, space for musical creativity, and increased confidence among student participants. I present additional implications for the field of music education, music teacher education, and future research to close the study. / Music Education

This thesis deals with the music group Extempore since its foundation by Jaroslav Jeronym Neduha in 1973 until its annulment by Mikolas Chadima in 1981. The thesis shows the important moments of the group and its members. Jaroslav Jeronym Neduha was Extempore's frontman by the year 1979 then he left the group and its management handed to Mikolas Chadima. Both gave to Extempore its characteristic style in the musical aspect, lyrics and performance. Extempore gained lots of fans, so the State Security focused on them as a obnoxius music group. The thesis has the aim to reveal Extempore's role in Czech musical underground. Firstly I defined alternative culture in relation to underground and official culture with focus to the music. Also I described Prague's unofficial big beat scene between 1973 - 1981. Primarily the thesis is focused on alternative music scene and musical underground. The review also contains other noncommercial movements during that time - folk association Safran and younger musical movement New Wave that inspirated Chadima's Extempore. Since the 1979 Extempore has been more and more pressed to the illegality until they got ban to perform their music in any Prague's club. Anyways they pushed for public performances and they kept up in free creation. An important outcome is fact that...

This dissertation examines the role progressive college radio played as a site of political engagement for youth in the United States in the 1980s, particularly in its connection to punk culture. Progressive college radio is defined here as a particular type of noncommercial radio broadcast from university radio stations. It inherited from educational radio a commitment to democratic communication and from community radio a commitment to localism and representing underrepresented communities. Progressive college radio continued these missions, but also applied them to music, playing music considered unmarketable by the commercial music industry and thereby representing underrepresented musicians. College radio is popularly remembered as the radio format that helped create commercial alternative rock in the 1980s. This narrative effaces the way the most progressive college stations programmed music hostile to the music industry, especially punk and its related genres, and the way that progressive DJs often felt uncomfortable being part of a farm system for the music industry, something this dissertation investigates. Through discourse analysis of archival materials from four progressive college radio stations, as well as interviews with former DJs, this dissertation reveals how station personnel understood the role of progressive college radio in relation to the music industry, punk culture, the dominant culture of the US in the 1980s, and in their own lives. By investigating how the DJs conceptualized and debated their programming and production practices, this project illustrates how progressive college radio responded to increasing music industry scrutiny and a conservative culture’s increasingly hostile and narrow conceptions of youth. This dissertation also charts the ways progressive college radio DJs mobilized punk’s do-it-yourself (DIY) mode of cultural production, amateur aesthetics, and anti-authoritarianism, to create both a physical and sonic space for self-representation and creative expression. / text

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Pilsen Alternative Music Scene in 1983-1995 Lucie Marková Abstract The aim of this dissertation thesis is to broaden knowledge about the Pilsen alternative music scene in 1983-1995, especially in the framework of three main themes. The basis of the research is content analysis of oral-historical interviews with witnesses who were part of the Pilsen alternative music scene in the selected period. These witnesses were not only active musicians, but also their fans, or organizers of their performances. Their memories were further compared with knowledge gained from the literature, period newspaper, archives materials and ego documents. The first of the main themes focuses on the musical everyday life of musicians, like getting musical equipment, finding rehearsal room or institution of the founder and organizing public performances. The second part of this dissertation thesis describes the relationship between members of alternative music scene and representatives of political power based on several specific cases (Rockfest, Peace Concert of Olof Palme and repression). The whole text is concluded by chapters devoted to the ninetieth of twentieth century, dealing with the transformation of the Pilsen alternative music scene. All these themes are observed primarily by the witness's perspective. Key words: Pilsen...

This thesis is focused mainly on the portrayal of the alternative music in Ukraine, depicting it not only as a fundamental component of the world cultures, just as equal to other influences, as well as identifying its importance as a playing a truly vital part in forming a social conscience of the Ukrainian people. The following set of goal introduces the forecasted solutions of the aforementioned tasks: to introduce general tendencies leading up to the foundation as well as the development of the Ukrainian alternative music as an integral part of the culture of Ukraine; to analyze the lyrics and texts of the rock musicians and their influence on the national language development in Ukraine; to further identify bilingual tendencies, as well as "surzhik" as examples of language developmental movements in the studied texts. The theory section of this thesis aims to describe worldwide cultural tendencies which preceeded the establishment of the Ukrainian alternative music and has shaped its foundations. In addition, it also comprises the analysis of the alternative genre and its functions in relation to the current Ukrainian culture and its roots. The practical part then undertakes to review and underline language unique features and unusual structures along with other ethnical and cultural forms of...

Ljudens och musikens påverkan på människan har alltid intresserat mig i egenskap av violinbyggarmästare men också som cellopedagog. Forskningen inom detta område är starkt begränsad och rör till största delen terapeutiska metoder och då främst musikterapi. Dock använder sig musikterapeuter inte av utifrån kommande frekvenser i sitt arbete och de alternativa terapeuterna har inte vetenskapliga belägg för frekvensernas verkan. Syftet med studien har varit att utföra en grundforskning om hälsoklanger som kan inspirera till vidare forskning om hur utifrån tillförda ljud och musik påverkar människan samt exemplifiera hur några musikterapeuter och tomatiskonsulter i Sverige och Tyskland erbjuder musik och ljud som behandlings- eller träningsform. Studien genomfördes genom en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder: med en enkätundersökning, intervjuer samt personlig kommunikation med musikterapeuter och alternativa terapeuter, en stressforskare och två tomatiskonsulter. Resultaten tyder på att ljud och musik både kan ha stimulerande och lugnande inverkan på människan, men att en tillförlitlig vetenskaplig värderingsmetod saknas för dem som erbjuder behandlingar. En fortsatt forskning blir att vidare undersöka hur utifrån tillförda ljud och musik påverkar människan. Förutsättningen för att kunna mäta detta är att de valda ljud- eller musikavsnitten inte förekommer enbart punktuellt utan under en längre sammanhängande tidsperiod samt att tillgång finns till därför passande medicinsk mätutrustning och en undersökningsgrupp vars storlek utgår från ett antagande om hur stora effekter man kan förvänta sig på en viss definierad utfallsvariabel (2.7 Musikens påverkan på kropp och själ). Studien kan i bästa fall även ge inspiration till fortsatt forskning kring förbättring av negativa bullriga ljudmiljöer. / The effects of sound and music have always been of great interest to me, both as a Luthier, as a Cellist and Strings teacher. Research in this area is very limited and mainly confined to methods of therapy, in particular Music Therapy. Music Therapists, however, do not employ the use of different sound frequencies in their therapy and the effects of frequencies in other forms of alternative therapy have not yet been scientifically researched or validated. The object of this study has been to research how external sounds and music affect people, and to examine the means by which this is used in therapeutic contexts, such as in Music Therapy and Tomatis training. This research was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods, through surveys, interviews and personal communication with Music Therapists, Alternative Therapists, Stress Researchers and two Tomatis Consultants. The research suggests that sound and music can have a stimulating as well as a soothing influence on people, but that a thorough scientifically based investigation into how external sounds and music affect people is needed for professionals in this field of work. Continued research in this area would involve using chosen external sounds or excerpts of music that are not only short impulses but of a longer duration, access to relevant medical equipment to measure the effects of these sounds and an appropriately sized group of research subjects to correlate with the expected effects of a defined research variable. (2.7 Musikens påverkan på kropp och själ) It is hoped that this study will provide a foundation for further research into the effects of frequencies, sound and music, also with a view to finding means to improve negative, disturbing sound environments.

The main aim of this thesis is to provide the reader with the overview of the work of female authors of lyrics and show the topics they are mainly interested in. The partial aim is to find out if some specific female topics and specific female expression and language exist. The core of the work is commented antology of texts. There are included texts of authors who are authors of music and interprets concurrently, who have been working in ten last years and released at least one CD. I come to the conclusion that women are writing mostly about partner relationships, love as a special kind of emotion, family and maternity and also their own position in world, faith and sexuality. Typical of female authors is that they view at the things as if men could not understand the same topics. Specific is also language of female authors and motives they use as the means of expression: they are particulary delicate and tender images and metaphores, intuitive and playful puns. In some texts women try to oppose the stereotype of women putting the text into typicaly mens ambience and using "mens" dictionary.