Global ETD Search

111	Mécanismes de plasticité synaptique dans l’amygdale lors de la réactivation de la mémoire de peur auditive chez le rat : interaction dynamique des récepteurs NMDA et AMPA Ben Mamou, Cyrinne 07 1900 (has links) La plasticité synaptique est une propriété indispensable à l’acquisition de la mémoire chez toutes les espèces étudiées, des invertébrés aux primates. La formation d’une mémoire débute par une phase de plasticité qui inclut une restructuration synaptique ; ensuite elle se poursuit par la consolidation de ces modifications, contribuant à la mémoire à long terme. Certaines mémoires redeviennent malléables lorsqu’elles sont rappelées. La trace mnésique entre alors dans une nouvelle de phase de plasticité, au cours de laquelle certaines composantes de la mémoire peuvent être mises à jour, puis reconsolidées. L’objectif de la présente thèse est d’étudier les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires qui sont activés lors du rappel d’une mémoire. Nous avons utilisé un modèle de conditionnement Pavlovien, combiné à l’administration d’agents pharmacologiques et à l’analyse quantitative de marqueurs de plasticité synaptique, afin d’étudier la dynamique de la mémoire de peur auditive chez des rats Sprague Dawley. La circuiterie neuronale et les mécanismes associatifs impliqués dans la neurobiologie de cette mémoire sont bien caractérisés, en particulier le rôle des récepteurs glutamatergiques de type NMDA et AMPA dans la plasticité synaptique et la consolidation. Nos résultats démontrent que le retour de la trace mnésique à un état de labilité nécessite l’activation des récepteurs NMDA dans l’amygdale baso-latérale à l’instant même du rappel, alors que les récepteurs AMPA sont requis pour l’expression comportementale de la réponse de peur conditionnée. D’autre part, les résultats identifient le rappel comme une phase bien plus dynamique que présumée, et suggèrent que l’expression de la peur conditionnée mette en jeu la régulation du trafic des récepteurs AMPA par les récepteurs NMDA. Le présent travail espère contribuer à la compréhension de la neurobiologie fondamentale de la mémoire. De plus, il propose une intégration des résultats aux modèles animaux d’étude des troubles psychologiques conséquents aux mémoires traumatiques chez l’humain, tels que les phobies et les syndromes de stress post-traumatiques. / Synaptic plasticity is necessary for the acquisition of memory in all studied species, from invertebrates to primates. Memory formation starts with a phase of plasticity that entails synaptic remodeling ; then follows the consolidation of these modifications, which contributes to long-term memory. Some memories return to a malleable state upon retrieval. Consequently, the memory trace enters a new phase of plasticity, during which some memory components are eventually updated, then reconsolidated. The aim of the present thesis was to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are engaged during memory retrieval. We used a model of Pavlovian conditioning in Sprague Dawley rats, combined to pharmacological manipulations and quantitative analysis of synaptic plasticity markers, in order to study the dynamics of auditory fear memory. The neuronal circuitry and the associative mechanisms involved in the neurobiology of this memory are well characterized, in particular the role of NMDA and AMPA glutamatergic receptors in synaptic plasticity and consolidation. Our results show that the return of the memory trace to lability requires activation of NMDA receptors in the basolateral amygdala during retrieval, whereas AMPA receptors are necessary for the behavioral expression of the conditioned fear response. Furthermore, the data identify retrieval as being much more dynamic than recognized, and suggest that conditioned fear expression involves NMDA receptor-dependent regulation of AMPA receptors’ trafficking. The present work attempts to advance our understanding of the fundamental neurobiology of memory. In addition, it offers an integrative view of the data with regards to animal modeling of human clinical issues related to traumatic memories, like phobias and post-traumatic stress disorders. Conditionnement Pavlovien Mémoire émotionnelle Apprentissage associatif Rappel Reconsolidation Amnésie Anisomycine Trafic de récepteurs Pavlovian conditioning Emotional memory Associative learning Retrieval Reconsolidation Amnesia Anisomycin Receptor trafficking
112	A Close Reading of Two Invisible Survival-Horror Characters: : A comparison between the Kaernk from Amnesia: The Dark Descent and the Walrider from Outlast Morgana, Ariana, Lilja, Ricky January 2022 (has links) This thesis looks at two invisible characters, the Kaernk from Amnesia: The Dark Descent and the Walrider from Outlast, to investigate how these characters are incorporated into and contribute to elements found within survival-horror games, and how their design affects the player. The thesis uses a close-reading methodology adapted for video-games to generate data used to first describe each of the characters and the scenario where they are first encountered, and later analyze and discuss the data, as well as compare the data from each character to one another. The thesis finds that the use of invisible enemies within these two survival-horror games seems to be an effective way to heighten the fear-factor felt by the players of these games, based on theory about horror. The thesis concludes by stating that these two enemies work very well within these two games, partly due to the absence of combat-mechanics, but questions whether the use of invisible enemies would work as well in all survival-horror games, including those with combat-mechanics. This research could be useful as designing and animating enemies in games is both time-consuming and potentially expensive, and if invisible enemies work within certain types of horror games developers could save both time and money when developing these types of games. For future research, this thesis suggests practice-based player studies to verify claims made based on theory, as well as looking at invisible enemies within horror-games featuring combat. / Detta examensarbete kollar på två osynliga fiender, Kaernk från Amnesia: The Dark Descent och Walrider från Outlast, för att undersöka hur dessa fiender är integrerade i och bidrar med de grunderna som finns inom överlevnadsskräck-spel, och hur deras design påverkar spelaren. Examensarbetet använder en närläsning-metod anpassad för dataspel för att skapa data som används för att först beskriva varje karaktär och det scenariot där de först möts, och senare analysera och diskutera datan, samt jämföra datan från varje karaktär med varandra. Examensarbetet finner att användandet av osynliga fiender inom dessa två överlevnadsskräck-spel verkar vara ett effektivt sätt att höja rädslan för spelaren av dessa spel, baserat på teori kring skräck. Examensarbetet drar slutsatsen att dessa två fiender är mycket effektiva inom dessa spel, delvis på grund av brist på stridsmekanik, men ifrågasätter om användandet av osynliga fiender skulle fungera lika bra inom alla överlevnadsskräck-spel, särskilt de med stridsystem. Detta examensarbete kan vara användbart därför att design och animering av fiender inom spel kan vara båda tidskrävande och kostsamt, och om osynliga fiender fungerar lika bra inom vissa typer av skräckspel kan utvecklare spara båda tid och pengar när de utvecklar dessa spel. För framtida forskning, föreslår detta examensarbete praxisbaserade spelar-studier för att verifiera antaganden baserade på teori, samt att kolla på osynliga fiender i skräckspel med stridsmekanik. character design close-reading enemy design horror games invisible enemy survival horror video games Walrider Outlast Kaernk Amnesia: The Dark Descent Human Computer Interaction Computer Sciences Datavetenskap (datalogi)
113	'n Ondersoek na uitbeeldings van skisofrenie-verwante elemente in geselekteerde kontemporêre videokunswerke (Afrikaans) Luneburg, Nathani 09 December 2011 (has links) This study focuses on the following schizophrenic related elements to be found in the postmodern society and to be represented in selected contemporary video artworks: 1) creation of an alternative world and 2) disturbance in meaning. To confirm that the creation of an alternative world and disturbance in meaning is present in postmodern society, the following elements are investigated as symptoms of schizophrenia and characteristics present in contemporary society: 1) fragmentation, 2) withdrawal from reality, 3) misinterpretation of memories and 3) the creation of 'word salad'. In order to draw a parallel between schizophrenia and the postmodern society, the postmodern theories of Simon Gottschalk, Fredric Jameson, Kenneth Gergen, Jean Baudrillard, Andreas Huyssen, Gilles Deleuze en Paul Virilio as well as the medical studies involving schizophrenia by the Schizophrenia Foundation of South Africa, the University of Iowa se Department of Healthcare and D Sue, DW Sue en S Sue are used. In both conditions of schizophrenia and postmodern society, reality and meaning are altered. This study concludes that schizophrenic related elements are present in the postmodern society and therefore these elements are represented in the selected video artworks of the artists Eija-Liisa Ahtila and myself.AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie fokus op die skisofrenie-verwante elemente wat voorkom in die postmoderne samelewing naamlik: 1) alternatiewe wêreldskepping en 2) versteuring in betekenisgewing en wat uitgebeeld word in geselekteerde kontemporêre videokunswerke. Fragmentering, onttrekking van realiteit, waninterpretasie van herinneringe en die skepping van 'woordslaai' word as simptome van skisofrenie en as kenmerkende eienskappe in die postmoderne samelewing ondersoek om die argument te versterk dat alternatiewe wêreldskepping en versteuring in betekenisgewing teenwoordig is in die postmoderne samelewing. Die postmoderne teorieë van Simon Gottschalk, Fredric Jameson, Kenneth Gergen, Jean Baudrillard, Andreas Huyssen, Gilles Deleuze en Paul Virilio sowel as die mediese studies deur die Schizophrenia Foundation of South Africa, die University of Iowa se Department of Healthcare en D Sue, DW Sue en S Sue aangaande skisofrenie, word gebruik om parallelle tussen die postmoderne samelewing en die mediese toestand van skisofrenie in hierdie studie te trek. Daar word vasgestel dat realiteit en betekenis in beide toestande van skisofrenie en die postmoderne samelewing verbuig en hervorm word. Die gevolgtrekking van hierdie studie is dat skisofrenie-verwante elemente wel voorkom in die kontemporêre samelewing en dus uitgebeeld word in die geselekteerde videokunswerke van die kunstenaars Eija-Liisa Ahtila en myself. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Visual Arts / unrestricted Gedesentraliseerde individu Self Liggaam Oorblootstelling aan tegnologie Tegnologie Fragmentering Alternatiewe wêreldskepping Postmoderne individu Postmoderne samelewing Skisofreen Skisofrenie Chain of meaning Word salad Amnesia Obsession with memory Memory Disturbance in meaning Virtual reality Withdrawal from reality Desentalised individual Self Body Saturation by technology Technology Creation of an alternative world Postmodern individual Postmodern society Schizophrenia Schizophrenic Onttrekking van realiteit Elektroniese skerm Virtuele realiteit Versteuring in betekenisgewing Herinneringe Vergryping aan herinneringe Vergetelheid Woordslaai Ketting van betekenis UCTD
114	Ancestral Narratives in History and Fiction: Transforming Identities Habel, Chad Sean, chad.habel@gmail.com January 2006 (has links) This thesis is an exploration of ancestral narratives in the fiction of Thomas Keneally and Christopher Koch. Initially, ancestry in literature creates an historical relationship which articulates the link between the past and the present. In this sense ancestry functions as a type of cultural memory where various issues of inheritance can be negotiated. However, the real value of ancestral narratives lies in their power to aid in the construction of both personal and communal identities. They have the potential to transform these identities, to transgress natural boundaries and to reshape conventional identities in the light of historical experience. For Keneally, ancestral narratives depict national forbears who narrate the nation into being. His earlier fictions present ancestors of the nation within a mythic and symbolic framework to outline Australian national identity. This identity is static, oppositional, and characterized by the delineation of boundaries which set nations apart from one another. However, Keneallys more recent work transforms this conventional construction of national identity. It depicts an Irish-Australian diasporic identity which is hyphenated and transgressive: it transcends the conventional notion of nations as separate entities pitted against one another. In this way Keneallys ancestral narratives enact the potential for transforming identity through ancestral narrative. On the other hand, Kochs work is primarily concerned with the intergenerational trauma causes by losing or forgetting ones ancestral narrative. His novels are concerned with male gender identity and the fragmentation which characterizes a self-destructive idea of maleness. While Keneallys characters recover their lost ancestries in an effort to reshape their idea of what it is to be Australian, Kochs main protagonist lives in ignorance of his ancestors life. He is thus unable to take the opportunity to transform his masculinity due to the pervasive cultural amnesia surrounding his family history and its role in Tasmanias past. While Keneally and Koch depict different outcomes in their fictional ancestral narratives they are both deeply concerned with the potential to transform national and gender identities through ancestry. Chad Sean Habel Flinders University Robert Phiddian Richard Hosking John McLaren Peter Pierce ancestry ancestral ancestors genealogy genealogical literature cultural memory amnesia history social history family history historical fiction adventure fiction Australian Studies Cultural Studies fiction novels historical novels Australia Ireland Irish-Australian migration diaspora roots rhizomes Thomas Keneally Bring Larks and Heroes The Playmaker Bettany's Book Schindler's Ark Our Republic Homebush Boy Christopher Koch Out of Ireland Highways to a War Boys in the Island Crossing the Gap The Doubleman Across the Sea Wall convicts Tasmania the Stain identity identification nation nationalism national identity gender gender identity masculinity male male-ness transformation reconciliation post-colonial post-colonialism anti-colonial literary criticism

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