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Due to the lack of short vowels or diacritics in Persian orthography, many Natural Language Processing applications for this language, including information retrieval, machine translation, text-to-speech, and automatic speech recognition systems need to disambiguate the input first, in order to be able to do further processing. In machine translation, for example, the whole text should be correctly diacritized first so that the correct words, parts of speech and meanings are matched and retrieved from the lexicon. This is primarily because of Persian’s ambiguous orthography. In fact, the core engine of any Persian language processor should utilize a diacritizer and a lexical disambiguator. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of an automatic diacritizer for Persian based on the state-of-the-art Finite State Transducer technology developed at Xerox by Beesley & Karttunen (2003). The result of morphological analysis and generation on a test corpus is shown, including the insertion of diacritics. This study will also look at issues that are raised by phonological and semantic ambiguities as a result of short vowels in Persian being absent in the writing system. It suggests a hybrid model (rule-based & inductive) that is inspired by psycholinguistic experiments on the human mental lexicon for the disambiguation of heterophonic homographs in Persian using frequency and collocation information. A syntactic parser can be developed based on the proposed model to discover Ezafe (the linking short vowel /e/ within a noun phrase) or disambiguate homographs, but its implementation is left for future work.

Resumo:Neste estudo foram comparados os valores do hemograma completo realizado em 30 muares com idade entre 4 e 8 anos, obtidos pelo uso de um analisador hematológico automático e pela contagem manual de células sanguíneas. A análise dos resultados revelou que a concordância entre os dois métodos foram considerados bons uma vez que o viés (média das diferenças) foi pequeno, sendo que os intervalos de confiança de 95% para o viés apresentaram-se estreitos e apenas um "outlier" foi observado, para eritrócitos, monócitos e granulócitos (nenhum valor caiu fora dos limites de concordância [viés ± 2 desvios padrão]). Não houve diferença significativa para os valores de eritrócitos, hemoglobina, leucócitos e granulócitos. Os valores médios de monócitos obtidos pelo contador automático de células foram significativamente maiores do que aqueles obtidos pelo método manual. A análise dos resultados revelou ainda um viés positivo para hematócrito e nenhum viés foi detectado para eritrócitos, hemoglobina, leucócitos, granulócitos e linfócitos. Foi observada boa concordância entre os resultados obtidos pelos dois métodos para eritrócitos, hemoglobina, leucócitos, granulócitos, linfócitos e monócitos nessa faixa etária. Podendo o Analisador hematológico automático BC- 2800Vet®, ser utilizado para realização de hemogramas em muares / Abstract:In this study the values of complete blood counts performed in 30 mules aged 4 and 8, obtained by using an automated hematology analyzer and the manual blood counts were compared. The results showed that the correlation between the two methods were considered good since the bias (mean difference) was small, and the confidence intervals of 95 % for the bias showed up narrow and only one "outlier" was observed for erythrocytes, monocytes and granulocytes (no value fell outside the limits of agreement [bias ± 2 standard deviations]). There was no significant difference in the values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes and granulocytes. The average values obtained from monocytes by an automatic cell counter were significantly higher than those obtained by the manual method. The results also showed a positive bias for hematocrit and no bias was detected in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes. Good agreement between the results obtained by the two methods for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes was observed in this age group. Can the automated hematology analyzer BC-2800Vet® be used to perform complete blood counts in mules / Orientador:Luiz Cláudio Nogueira Mendes / Banca:Lina Maria Wehrle Gomide / Banca:Raimundo Souza Lopes / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-28. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:18:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849287.pdf: 230262 bytes, checksum: 43cb89c8000a95aa870bb4e1a18fdf53 (MD5) / In this study the values of complete blood counts performed in 30 mules aged 4 and 8, obtained by using an automated hematology analyzer and the manual blood counts were compared. The results showed that the correlation between the two methods were considered good since the bias (mean difference) was small, and the confidence intervals of 95 % for the bias showed up narrow and only one outlier was observed for erythrocytes, monocytes and granulocytes (no value fell outside the limits of agreement [bias ± 2 standard deviations]). There was no significant difference in the values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes and granulocytes. The average values obtained from monocytes by an automatic cell counter were significantly higher than those obtained by the manual method. The results also showed a positive bias for hematocrit and no bias was detected in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes. Good agreement between the results obtained by the two methods for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes was observed in this age group. Can the automated hematology analyzer BC-2800Vet® be used to perform complete blood counts in mules

Due to the lack of short vowels or diacritics in Persian orthography, many Natural Language Processing applications for this language, including information retrieval, machine translation, text-to-speech, and automatic speech recognition systems need to disambiguate the input first, in order to be able to do further processing. In machine translation, for example, the whole text should be correctly diacritized first so that the correct words, parts of speech and meanings are matched and retrieved from the lexicon. This is primarily because of Persian’s ambiguous orthography. In fact, the core engine of any Persian language processor should utilize a diacritizer and a lexical disambiguator. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of an automatic diacritizer for Persian based on the state-of-the-art Finite State Transducer technology developed at Xerox by Beesley & Karttunen (2003). The result of morphological analysis and generation on a test corpus is shown, including the insertion of diacritics. This study will also look at issues that are raised by phonological and semantic ambiguities as a result of short vowels in Persian being absent in the writing system. It suggests a hybrid model (rule-based & inductive) that is inspired by psycholinguistic experiments on the human mental lexicon for the disambiguation of heterophonic homographs in Persian using frequency and collocation information. A syntactic parser can be developed based on the proposed model to discover Ezafe (the linking short vowel /e/ within a noun phrase) or disambiguate homographs, but its implementation is left for future work.

Bakgrund: Natrium (Na+) är en viktig elektrolyt i kroppen, och analyseras bland annat för att kunna bedöma patientens tillstånd och för att avgöra om akut behandling är nödvändigt. Analysen av Na+ på intensivvårdsavdelningen (IVA) i Örebro sker med hjälp av GEM Premier 5000, vilket är ett patientnära instrument som använder direkt metod för analys av helblod. Vid patientprovsjämförelse skickas provet vidare till centrallaboratoriet där plasman analyseras genom indirekt metod på Advia Chemistry XPT. Avvikelse mellan metoderna får inte överstiga 3%, annars måste orsaken utredas.  Syfte: Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka om det finns en systematisk skillnad på natrium-resultat mellan patientnära instrument, Gem Premier 5000 och centrallaboratoriets instrument, Advia Chemistry XPT hos olika patientgrupper. Metod: Mätning utfördes på blodprover tagna i litium-heparin rör på 60 deltagare, varav 30 var friska blodgivare (grupp 1) och resterande 30 bestod av inneliggande patienter (IVA) samt njurdialys-patienter, (grupp 2). Proverna analyserades för natrium i helblod på GEM Premier 5000 och strax därefter analyserades natrium, albumin, totalt protein, C-reaktivt protein (CRP), glukos och triglycerider i plasma på Advia Chemistry XPT. Resultat: Advia Chemistry XPT gav en högre medelkoncentration av Na+ (139 mmol/L) än GEM Premier 5000 (138 mmol/L) sett till samtliga deltagare. Procentuella skillnaden för natrium mellan metoderna översteg 3% för 3 deltagare i grupp 1 respektive hos hälften av deltagarna i grupp 2.   Slutsats: Na+ resultat på Advia Chemistry XPT var högre än på GEM Premier 5000 för alla deltagare. Skillnaden var större hos patienter med hög grad av sjuklighet. Detta antyder att nuvarande acceptabla avvikelse på 3% bör höjas till 5%, för att antal avvikande värden ska reduceras till nästan samma för båda grupper. Detta måste övervägas och implementeras i verksamheten. / Background: Sodium (Na +) is an important electrolyte in the body, and is analyzed, among other things, to be able to assess the patient's condition in the intensive care unit (IVA) and to determine if emergency treatment is necessary. The analysis of Na + on IVA is done with the help of GEM Premier 5000, which is a patient-centered instrument and uses a direct method for analysis of whole blood. For patient sample comparison, the sample is sent to the central laboratory where the plasma is analyzed by indirect method on Advia Chemistry XPT. Deviation between the methods must not exceed 3%, otherwise the cause must be investigated. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate whether there is a systematic difference in Sodium results between patient-related instruments, Gem Premier 5000 and the central laboratory's instrument, Advia Chemistry XPT in different patient groups. Method: Measurement was performed on blood samples taken in Lithium Heparin tubes of 60 participants, of which 30 were healthy blood donors (group 1) and the remaining 30 consisted of inpatients (IVA) and kidney dialysis patients, (group 2). The samples were analyzed for sodium on GEM Premier 5000 and shortly thereafter for sodium, albumin, total protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and triglycerides on Advia Chemistry XPT. Results: Advia Chemistry XPT gave a higher concentration of Na + (139 mmol / L) than GEM Premier 5000 (138 mmol / L) for all participants. The percentage difference of Na between the methods differed for 3 participants in group 1 while it differed for half of the participants in group 2. Conclusion: Na + results on Advia Chemistry XPT were higher than on GEM Premier 5000 for all participants. The difference was greater in patients with a high degree of morbidity. This suggests that the current acceptable deviation of 3% should be increased to 5%, in order to reduce the number of deviating values ​​to almost the same for both groups. This must be taken into account and implemented in the business.

Low-earth orbit (LEO) contains plasma which can impact satellite charging and radio frequency (RF) communications. Quantifying both the composition and movement of ions in LEO can improve efficiency of the forecasting models that predict the impact plasma will have on satellite communications and accuracy of global positioning satellite measurements. Two instruments known as the Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA) and the Ion Drift Meter (IDM) have been used in tandem to measure ionospheric properties including ion temperature, velocity, and density. These instruments are costly and occupy large areas on a spacecraft. In recent years, space mission budgets have diminished. This change has driven innovation towards creating new instruments which are compatible with smaller and cheaper satellites yet still yield measurements of comparable quality. This thesis presents the design of a new instrument that encompasses the functionality of both the RPA and IDM, known as the Plasma Velocity Vector Instrument for Small Satellites (PVVISS). PVVISS has compact form factor and low power requirements, making it a viable option for smaller, low cost nano-satellite sized missions. Missions utilizing the PVVISS sensor will allow increased exploration of the ionospheric impact on satellite communications.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19755号 / 農博第2151号 / 新制||農||1038(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N4971(農学部図書室) / 32791 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 奥本 裕, 教授 稲村 達也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are powerful integrated circuits for low-overhead custom computing needs and design prototyping. Due to the hardware nature of programming an FPGA, finding bugs in a design can be a very challenging process. Signals need to be physically probed and data recorded in real time. This is often done by dedicating some resources on the FPGA itself towards an embedded logic analyzer. This method is effective but can be time and resource consuming. Academic research projects have produced a variety of methods for reducing this difficulty. One option that has previously been unexplored is the use of distributed LUT memory for debug trace buffers, rather than dedicated FPGA BRAM. This dissertation presents a novel, lean embedded logic analyzer that leverages leftover LUT resources on the FPGA for this purpose. Distributed Memory Debug (abbreviated as "DIME Debug") provides some amount of signal visibility into very large (90\%+ LUT utilized) FPGA designs or designs where the programmer requires all available device BRAM, situations in which currently available embedded logic analyzers are likely to fail. The ubiquitous nature of LUTs on FPGAs provides opportunities to insert debug circuitry near signals of interest without disturbing placement of the user design. Using only leftover LUTs for trace buffers allows for effectively no area overhead. The DIME Debug system typically has a critical path delay in the 7-9ns range, which can force non-ideal slower timing constraints on the user design. A simulated annealing based placement algorithm and other optimizations are shown to improve timing closure results from 20-50\% depending on benchmark and probe count. DIME debug can be instrumented into a fully implemented design incrementally using the RapidWright CAD tool, resulting in debug iterations under 15 minutes even for very large benchmarks. Another interesting possibility introduced by the use of memory LUTs for debug trace buffers is preallocating these resources. Setting aside a certain number of LUTs before implementation of the user design leaves them available for incremental debug instrumentation. Experiments with a preallocation scheme show that, with virtually no penalty to the user design, debug critical paths are lowered by approximately 1ns and 2-3X the number of trace buffers can be instrumented into most benchmarks.

A portable special purpose computer (s.p.c.) is described which provides decimal readouts of the first four moments of a fluctuating voltage v on four separate registers. A fifth register provides a readout of the measuring time which can be within the range 10 ms. to 30 Hrs. The s.p.c. can be switched to another mode which provides a measure of the cumulative amplitude distribution of v within sixteen positive and negative levels. Salient characteristics of the s.p.c. are as follows: (a) There are no low frequency limitations. The upper frequency limit, established by error considerations, is about 5 kHz with 99.73% confidence that the error is within 1%. (b) At the end of the measuring time T, all the four moments are immediately available in magnitude and sign. (c) The outputs can be available in any code, the only change necessary being in the code of the counting readout registers. (d) All computations for a sample are completed before the next sample arrives so that programming and unnecessary storage facilities are eliminated. The voltage input v is rectified and sampled systematically by an equi-interval a.d. converter. The samples, together with the sign bit, are fed into special purpose digital multipliers based on a "weighted feed" principle. The outputs from these multipliers, with the sign bit, arc fed to accumulators via parallel adders for each of the moments. The overflows of these accumulators are shown to be contributions to the various moments and are fed to the decimal display registers. Direct computation of the standard deviation (σ) of the input, from measured first and second moments has also been investigated. A theoretical analysis of the various errors which occur in such an s.p.c. has been made. Results indicate that for most signals the overall error is within 1% for all four moments. Finally, the development of a universal arithmetic cell, for use in iterative and near-iterative arrays, is reported in this thesis. It is shown that use of such arrays in the arithmetic units of the s.p.c. can lead to a considerably simplified design. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)