A desfibrilação e a cardioversão elétricas são os procedimentos terapêuticos padrões para o tratamento, respectivamente, das arritmias de fibrilação e taquicardia ventricular. O funcionamento eficaz e seguro de desfibriladores e cardioversores requer uma manutenção preventiva e corretiva sendo, portanto, necessária uma avaliação freqüente do desempenho destes equipamentos. Esta avaliação deve incluir a medição das energias e das tensões e correntes de pico além do tempo de sincronismo para o caso de cardioversores, sendo normalmente realizada por dispositivos denominados analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores. Para que um analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores esteja apto a realizar os ensaios prescritos pelas Normas pertinentes, ele deve atender a varias condições, portanto, é necessário a determinação de uma especificação tida como minimamente desejável para um analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores de fácil utilização e capaz de medir a energia entregue a uma resistência de 50 W, simulando a impedância transtorácica, além das tensões e correntes de pico, positiva e negativa. O analisador também engloba um simulador de ECG, com o qual também se pode realizar ensaios para a medição do tempo de sincronismo de um cardioversor. Uma avaliação do reconhecedor de ritmos de desfibriladores externos automáticos também pode ser realizada através da simulação de arritmias passíveis ou não de desfibrilação. A forma de onda do pulso desfibrilatório é apresentada em um display tipo LCD de 256 x 64 pontos e todos os parâmetros aferidos podem ser transmitidos a um computador por meio de uma interface serial RS-232. A avaliação das incertezas de medição do analisador foi realizada de acordo com documentos normativos e os resultados obtidos mostraram-se adequados às exigências de precisão determinadas pela Norma ANSI/AAMI: DF2, tendo apresentado uma incerteza expandida relativa para as medições de energia igual a 1,03% no pior caso. Os resultados obtidos para a capacidade do procedimento de calibração mostrou-se adequado para as especificações de um analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores, tendo obtido como resultado, no pior caso, um índice de capacidade Cm igual a 2,82, que é bem superior a 1,0, limite mínimo para que o procedimento seja considerado capaz. Uma comparação do desempenho de outros seis analisadores com a especificação tida como minimamente desejada também foi realizada e demonstrou diversas deficiências desses analisadores. Uma comparação do desempenho de outros seis analisadores com a especificação tida como minimamente desejada também foi realizada e demonstrou diversas deficiências desses analisadores. / The electrical defibrillation and cardioversion are the standard therapeutic procedures for treatment of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia arrhythmias, respectively. The effective and secure operation of defibrillators and cardioverter require preventive and corrective maintenance. Therefore, its necessary a frequent evaluation of the performance of these devices. This evaluation must include measuring the energy, peak voltage, peak currents and response time to synchronized discharge, and is usually done by devices called defibrillator and cardioverter analyzer. In order for a defibrillator analyzer to be capable to perform the tests required by relevant Standards, it must be in compliance with several conditions, therefore, it is necessary the determination of a minimum specification that is desirable for a defibrillator and cardioverter analyzer. This paper describes the development of a defibrillators and cardioverters analyzer that is easy to use and is capable of measuring the delivered energy to a 50W resistance, simulating the transthoracic impedance, and also the peak voltage and peak current, positive and negative. The analyzer also includes an ECG simulator which allows the performance of tests to measure the response time to synchronized discharge of a cardioverter. An evaluation of the rhythm recognition detector of automated external defibrillators can also be performed through the simulation of arrhythmias whether or not passives of defibrillation. The waveform of the pulse is presented in a LCD display of 256x 64 pixels and all parameters measured can be transmitted to a computer through a serial interface RS-232. The evaluation of the analyzer uncertainty in measurement was performed according to the prescriptions of normative documents and the results were in accordance with the accuracy prescriptions of the ANSI/AAMI: DF2 Standard, presenting an expanded relative uncertainty for the energy measurements equal to 1,03% for worst case. The results obtained for the capacity of the calibration process are appropriate for the specifications of a defibrillator and cardioverter analyzer, resulting, in the worst case, in an index of capacity Cm equal to 2,82, well above 1,0, the minimum value required to consider the procedure capable. A comparison of the performance of other six analyzers with the minimum specification that is desirable was also done and it demonstrated several deficiencies s with the analyzers.

A desfibrilação e a cardioversão elétricas são os procedimentos terapêuticos padrões para o tratamento, respectivamente, das arritmias de fibrilação e taquicardia ventricular. O funcionamento eficaz e seguro de desfibriladores e cardioversores requer uma manutenção preventiva e corretiva sendo, portanto, necessária uma avaliação freqüente do desempenho destes equipamentos. Esta avaliação deve incluir a medição das energias e das tensões e correntes de pico além do tempo de sincronismo para o caso de cardioversores, sendo normalmente realizada por dispositivos denominados analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores. Para que um analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores esteja apto a realizar os ensaios prescritos pelas Normas pertinentes, ele deve atender a varias condições, portanto, é necessário a determinação de uma especificação tida como minimamente desejável para um analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores de fácil utilização e capaz de medir a energia entregue a uma resistência de 50 W, simulando a impedância transtorácica, além das tensões e correntes de pico, positiva e negativa. O analisador também engloba um simulador de ECG, com o qual também se pode realizar ensaios para a medição do tempo de sincronismo de um cardioversor. Uma avaliação do reconhecedor de ritmos de desfibriladores externos automáticos também pode ser realizada através da simulação de arritmias passíveis ou não de desfibrilação. A forma de onda do pulso desfibrilatório é apresentada em um display tipo LCD de 256 x 64 pontos e todos os parâmetros aferidos podem ser transmitidos a um computador por meio de uma interface serial RS-232. A avaliação das incertezas de medição do analisador foi realizada de acordo com documentos normativos e os resultados obtidos mostraram-se adequados às exigências de precisão determinadas pela Norma ANSI/AAMI: DF2, tendo apresentado uma incerteza expandida relativa para as medições de energia igual a 1,03% no pior caso. Os resultados obtidos para a capacidade do procedimento de calibração mostrou-se adequado para as especificações de um analisador de desfibriladores e cardioversores, tendo obtido como resultado, no pior caso, um índice de capacidade Cm igual a 2,82, que é bem superior a 1,0, limite mínimo para que o procedimento seja considerado capaz. Uma comparação do desempenho de outros seis analisadores com a especificação tida como minimamente desejada também foi realizada e demonstrou diversas deficiências desses analisadores. Uma comparação do desempenho de outros seis analisadores com a especificação tida como minimamente desejada também foi realizada e demonstrou diversas deficiências desses analisadores. / The electrical defibrillation and cardioversion are the standard therapeutic procedures for treatment of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia arrhythmias, respectively. The effective and secure operation of defibrillators and cardioverter require preventive and corrective maintenance. Therefore, its necessary a frequent evaluation of the performance of these devices. This evaluation must include measuring the energy, peak voltage, peak currents and response time to synchronized discharge, and is usually done by devices called defibrillator and cardioverter analyzer. In order for a defibrillator analyzer to be capable to perform the tests required by relevant Standards, it must be in compliance with several conditions, therefore, it is necessary the determination of a minimum specification that is desirable for a defibrillator and cardioverter analyzer. This paper describes the development of a defibrillators and cardioverters analyzer that is easy to use and is capable of measuring the delivered energy to a 50W resistance, simulating the transthoracic impedance, and also the peak voltage and peak current, positive and negative. The analyzer also includes an ECG simulator which allows the performance of tests to measure the response time to synchronized discharge of a cardioverter. An evaluation of the rhythm recognition detector of automated external defibrillators can also be performed through the simulation of arrhythmias whether or not passives of defibrillation. The waveform of the pulse is presented in a LCD display of 256x 64 pixels and all parameters measured can be transmitted to a computer through a serial interface RS-232. The evaluation of the analyzer uncertainty in measurement was performed according to the prescriptions of normative documents and the results were in accordance with the accuracy prescriptions of the ANSI/AAMI: DF2 Standard, presenting an expanded relative uncertainty for the energy measurements equal to 1,03% for worst case. The results obtained for the capacity of the calibration process are appropriate for the specifications of a defibrillator and cardioverter analyzer, resulting, in the worst case, in an index of capacity Cm equal to 2,82, well above 1,0, the minimum value required to consider the procedure capable. A comparison of the performance of other six analyzers with the minimum specification that is desirable was also done and it demonstrated several deficiencies s with the analyzers.

This thesis explores hardware command capture as a viable means of analyzing real world hard drive usage. Hardware command capture provides insight into the IO stack where current tools fail to reach. A software platform is presented which provides trace conversion and analysis capabilities. This platform is written in Python and designed to handle traces of arbitrary size while being easily extensible for future projects to build upon. A novel Sequential Stream Detection algorithm built upon the software platform is then presented. This algorithm detects application level sequential streams and provides interesting insight into the sequential nature of the applications analyzed. The software platform and Sequential Stream Detector were validated and run against a range of workloads including video playback, large project compilations, and synthetic benchmarks. Where applicable, each workload was run on multiple file systems (ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs) to compare the effects of stream allocation across file systems. It is shown that stream allocation is consistent across file systems suggesting stream detection may be a valuable workload identification tool.

The overall focus of this research was to achieve the first detailed understanding of temporal and geographical distributions of inorganic-nitrogen-nutrients within an oligotrophic euphotic zone. In addition to low supply of nutrients, the uptake of nutrients by phytoplankton within the euphotic zone draws the nutrient concentrations down, resulting in very low concentrations of these nutrients and results in these regions being classified as oligotrophic. The site selected for the research was the West Florida Shelf (WFS). There were two main challenges. One was that the detection limits of the standard chemistries used to determine inorganic nitrogen nutrients are not low enough to permit the evaluation of the concentration of these nutrients within an oligotrophic euphotic zone. The other challenge was the adaptation and design of highly sensitive, robust, and simple instrumentation to resolve and evaluate horizontal nutrient distributions within the euphotic zone for both ship-based and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) based platforms in near real time. With these obstacles in mind three major goals were set. First was the development of a simple and robust chemistry that could detect nitrite and nitrate with a suitably low detection limit (approximately 10 nanomolar) and could also be coupled with a highly sensitive chemistry previously developed for ammonium with the same characteristics, and incorporate these chemistries into a single laboratory analyzer designed to monitor the surface distribution of these nutrients in the water sampled with a ships flow-through system.

This thesis addresses the development of new gas sensor using surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. SAW sensors detect the change in mass, modulus, and conductivity of a sensing layer material via absorption or adsorption of an analyte. The advantage of SAW sensor includes low cost, small size, high sensitivity. We investigated the use of nano-crystalline palladium film for sensing hydrogen gas. We also investigated SAW fabrication for radio frequency (RF) range operation where high signal-to-noise ratios can be achieved. A test-bed consisting of a gas dilution system, a temperature-controlled test cell, a network analyzer, and computer-based measurement system was used for evaluating the performance of SAW gas sensors at very low concentrations. Both single and dual delay line SAW devices were fabricated by means of photolithography on a lithium niobate substrate. Tests are carried to determine response speed, resolution, reproducibility, and linear characteristics, over a range of analyte concentrations.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att jämföra korneala mätningar tagna med två olika topografiska mätinstrument (Sirius & Wave Analyzer Medica 700) och att utvärdera om dessa två instrument kan användas utbytbart. Metod: Det var 23 stycken deltagare i denna studie som var indelade i två grupper. Det var 17 stycken deltagare i grupp A som hade en normal kornea och i grupp B var det 6 stycken deltagare som hade en onormal kornea. Tre upprepade mätningar utfördes på det högra ögat för alla deltagare med båda instrumenten. Förutom på en deltagare som hade keratokonus i hens vänstra öga. De simulerade K (Sim-K) parametrarna som innehåller ”Flattest” (Kf), ”Steepest” (Ks) och ”Average” K (Km) analyserades. Dessutom togs den centrala korneas tjocklek också med båda mätinstrumenten och utvärderades. Resultat: En skillnad mellan de uppmätta värdena för de två mätinstrumenten hittades. Mellan dessa två mätinstrument var medelvärdet av skillnaden i grupp A för parametrarna Kf, Ks och Km ungefär 0,1mm. I grupp B var medelvärdet av skillnaden för parametrarna Kf, Ks och Km ungefär 0,15mm. För pachymetri var medelvärdet av skillnaden för de två mätinstrumenten 23µm för grupp A och 31µm för grupp B. Slutsats: De två topografiska mätinstrumenten visade en statistiskt signifikant skillnad i mätning utav korneala parametrarna. Trots att det var en statistiskt signifikant skillnad när man jämförde Sim-K för båda mätinstrumenten var skillnaden kliniskt obetydlig för de deltagare som hade en frisk kornea. Därför kan båda utav dessa mätinstrument användas utbytbart för att mäta keratometri i friska ögon.

Due to the lack of short vowels or diacritics in Persian orthography, many Natural Language Processing applications for this language, including information retrieval, machine translation, text-to-speech, and automatic speech recognition systems need to disambiguate the input first, in order to be able to do further processing. In machine translation, for example, the whole text should be correctly diacritized first so that the correct words, parts of speech and meanings are matched and retrieved from the lexicon. This is primarily because of Persian’s ambiguous orthography. In fact, the core engine of any Persian language processor should utilize a diacritizer and a lexical disambiguator. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of an automatic diacritizer for Persian based on the state-of-the-art Finite State Transducer technology developed at Xerox by Beesley & Karttunen (2003). The result of morphological analysis and generation on a test corpus is shown, including the insertion of diacritics. This study will also look at issues that are raised by phonological and semantic ambiguities as a result of short vowels in Persian being absent in the writing system. It suggests a hybrid model (rule-based & inductive) that is inspired by psycholinguistic experiments on the human mental lexicon for the disambiguation of heterophonic homographs in Persian using frequency and collocation information. A syntactic parser can be developed based on the proposed model to discover Ezafe (the linking short vowel /e/ within a noun phrase) or disambiguate homographs, but its implementation is left for future work.

Due to the lack of short vowels or diacritics in Persian orthography, many Natural Language Processing applications for this language, including information retrieval, machine translation, text-to-speech, and automatic speech recognition systems need to disambiguate the input first, in order to be able to do further processing. In machine translation, for example, the whole text should be correctly diacritized first so that the correct words, parts of speech and meanings are matched and retrieved from the lexicon. This is primarily because of Persian’s ambiguous orthography. In fact, the core engine of any Persian language processor should utilize a diacritizer and a lexical disambiguator. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of an automatic diacritizer for Persian based on the state-of-the-art Finite State Transducer technology developed at Xerox by Beesley & Karttunen (2003). The result of morphological analysis and generation on a test corpus is shown, including the insertion of diacritics. This study will also look at issues that are raised by phonological and semantic ambiguities as a result of short vowels in Persian being absent in the writing system. It suggests a hybrid model (rule-based & inductive) that is inspired by psycholinguistic experiments on the human mental lexicon for the disambiguation of heterophonic homographs in Persian using frequency and collocation information. A syntactic parser can be developed based on the proposed model to discover Ezafe (the linking short vowel /e/ within a noun phrase) or disambiguate homographs, but its implementation is left for future work.

This thesis presents a tool for obtaining worst-case execution time (WCET) guarantees for ARM processors. This tool is an interface between ARM¡¦s GCC compiler and the SWEET WCET analyzer. SWEET is an open-source static analyzer that derives a guaranteed upper bound on the WCET of a program. The WCET of a program is an important metric in real-time systems. The task scheduler must decide how much time to allot for each process; if the allotted time exceeds the WCET, the process can be guaranteed to always finish in time. Although the WCET value is therefore useful, it is difficult to find. But, for the purpose of guaranteeing that a process finishes on time, an upper bound on the WCET suffices. Static program analysis has been proposed as a method to derive such an upper-bound on the WCET, by means of conservatively approximating the runtime of the individual parts of a complete program. SWEET is one such static analyzer. Our tool works inside of ARM-GCC, extracting all of the information that SWEET needs about the program¡¦s behavior. Our tool then packages the information into the SWEET¡¦s ALF format. The tool has been tested and works correctly for every input source that we have tested (including all 34 benchmarks from the WCET BENCHMARK SUITE[1]). This work was funded by Taiwan¡¦s National Science Council, grant NSC 97-2218-E-110-003

ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV / Spread Spectrum (SS) techniques are methods used to deliberately spread the spectrum of transmitted signals in communication systems. The increased bandwidth makes detection of these signals challenging for non-cooperative receivers. In this paper, we investigate detection of Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) signals from compressive measurements. The theoretical and simulated performances of the proposed methods are compared to those of the conventional methods.