M.Phil. / The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 introduced new structures for resolution of labour disputes. The Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) was established as an independent body to resolve labour disputes. The CCMA also took over the functions of the old Industrial Court. The Act also replaced the old Industrial councils with bargaining councils. The function of the bargaining councils is to play a parallel role to the CCMA in dispute resolution within their scope of jurisdiction. The purpose of the legislature in establishing the bargaining councils was to alleviate part of the burden of the CCMA in resolving of labour disputes. The Act envisaged that the CCMA would resolve disputes speedily and inexpensively. If bargaining councils fail in their task of resolving disputes, these disputes are referred back to the CCMA adding to its caseload. The study seeks to establish the effectiveness of bargaining councils in handling dispute resolution function and whether they assist the CCMA in alleviating part of its burden. There are 43 bargaining councils that are accredited by the CCMA to conciliate and arbitrate disputes. Some bargaining councils are accredited to do both conciliations and arbitrations but are failing to perform both tasks. Some bargaining councils are closing down. Other registered bargaining councils do not apply for accreditation. Disputes that are not handled by these councils are referred to the CCMA. The CCMA caseload is escalating every year since inception in 1996. In view of these circumstances the study seeks to understand from bargaining councils and from both the unions and employers organizations that are party to the bargaining council agreements, whether there are any problems that hinder the effectiveness of bargaining councils in dispute resolution in the private sector. It has been concluded in the study that there are a number of problems that can cause bargaining councils not to exercise dispute resolution function effectively. It has been established that only few bargaining councils receive a high number of disputes referred. Bargaining councils are quicker in handling disputes than the CCMA, however, most bargaining councils receive a small number of disputes. Bargaining councils also complain about insufficient funds in handling dispute resolution function. They complain that the subsidy they receive from the CCMA is not enough for this function. Small bargaining councils are the most suffering because of low numbers of referrals. It has also been established that bargaining councils pay their panelists very high rates. The non-accredited bargaining councils are rejected when applying for accreditation because of not meeting the required criteria. Employers are negative about belonging to bargaining councils because they feel it is costly. Some employers who belong to bargaining councils are also reluctant to contribute to established council's fund.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

This study attempted to address the relative merits of the Weberian and Structural Marxist perspectives for explaining changes in the distribution of wage labor. The findings of the study suggested that many of the common assumptions held by Weberians and Structural Marxists concerning the effects of technological growth, increasing bureaucratization of production, increasing concentration of capital, and growth in the ranks of white-collar workers are not supported with data on manufacturing industries in the post-war era. Moreover, this study introduced collective action as an important determinant for explaining changes in the labor process and in the distribution of wage labor. The findings indicate that workers collective action enhances our understanding of labor process development and changes in wage labor. And, the findings suggest that the struggle between workers and capitalists is vital to understanding the process of capitalist development since World War II, contrary to the popularly held beliefs of many post-industrial theorists. / Ph. D.

This dissertation analyses, in a comparative perspective collective agreements entered into in Belgium and in South Africa in the private sector. It is divided into three parts: Belgian law, South African law and a comparative perspective. Each part adopts the same format: it comprises a historical survey, a description of the parties to collective agreements, the forums in which collective bargaining takes place and an analysis of collective agreements, focusing on the nature of their binding force. Because Belgian law prohibits agency shop and closed shop agreements, on the basis of the freedom of association, no reference has been made to these agreements, even though they are permitted in South Africa and are regarded as collective agreements. This dissertation does not deal with collective agreements entered into to regulate terms and conditions of employment in the public sector as state employees in Belgium are excluded from the scope of labour law and have their employment relationship governed by administrative law / Law / LL.M.

This dissertation analyses, in a comparative perspective collective agreements entered into in Belgium and in South Africa in the private sector. It is divided into three parts: Belgian law, South African law and a comparative perspective. Each part adopts the same format: it comprises a historical survey, a description of the parties to collective agreements, the forums in which collective bargaining takes place and an analysis of collective agreements, focusing on the nature of their binding force. Because Belgian law prohibits agency shop and closed shop agreements, on the basis of the freedom of association, no reference has been made to these agreements, even though they are permitted in South Africa and are regarded as collective agreements. This dissertation does not deal with collective agreements entered into to regulate terms and conditions of employment in the public sector as state employees in Belgium are excluded from the scope of labour law and have their employment relationship governed by administrative law / Law / LL.M.

La tesi esamina la tendenza degli ultimi anni alla verticalizzazione della contrattazione; come dal centralismo di quella di livello nazionale si sia passati in maniera sempre più sostanziale ed in stretta correlazione con la competitività del sistema produttivo, al decentramento della contrattazione a livello regionale e provinciale fino al livello aziendale. Si affronta l’evoluzione, iniziata già dagli anni ’90 con il susseguirsi di vari Accordi Interconfederali e Protocolli sottoscritti da Governo e Parti Sociali, dei processi di contrattazione territoriale al fine di attivare nuove iniziative imprenditoriali e creare occupazione in un ambiente economico favorevole ma in aree insufficientemente sviluppate o interessate da gravi crisi occupazionali. Successivamente viene esaminato il ruolo fondamentale delle retribuzioni incentivanti in connessione a indicatori di produttività, redditività, qualità, efficienza ed innovazione. Si passa dunque ad affrontare il caso paradigmatico FIAT che ha notevolmente influenzato il processo di ampliamento dei margini di applicazione della contrattazione decentrata per finire ad esaminare gli accordi interconfederali più recenti che promuovono l’utilizzo della contrattazione di secondo livello come volano per la crescita e la competitività sul territorio delle aziende, per lo sviluppo del welfare contrattuale ed aziendale, come nel caso di Luxottica. / The thesis examines the trend of recent years in the verticalization of bargaining; as from the centralism of that of national level has been passed in an increasingly substantial and in close correlation with the competitiveness of the production system, the decentralization of bargaining at the regional and provincial level up to the company level. The evolution, which began as early as the 1990s with the succession of various interconfederal agreements and protocols signed by the Government and the Social Partners, of the territorial bargaining processes in order to activate new business initiatives and create employment in a favorable economic environment, but in areas insufficiently developed or affected by serious employment crises. Subsequently, the fundamental role of incentive remuneration in connection with indicators of productivity, profitability, quality, efficiency and innovation is examined. Thus, the FIAT paradigm case is moved, which has greatly influenced the process of widening the margins of application of decentralized bargaining to end up examining the most recent inter-federal agreements that promote the use of second-level bargaining as a driving force for growth and competitiveness on the territory of companies, for the development of contractual and corporate welfare, as in the case of Luxottica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzani Andrade Ferraro.pdf: 4252629 bytes, checksum: 6a104ccf286ef42df145daed83eda492 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-25 / The thesis has the objective to examine the agreements and collective bargaining agreements as a pension right sources to discuss how social security rights are incorporated into the employee's equity during and after the term of the agreement and collective bargaining agreements. In this regard it is important to reconsider the concepts of "sources of law" from the constitutional right to the sources are examined from the social security law. There are four specific objectives of this thesis: (i) conceptually define the sources of law; (ii) investigate the agreements and collective bargaining agreements; (iii) analyze the legal system of social security; (iv) research the pension rights from the conventions and collective bargaining agreements. The research problem of this doctoral thesis is the following: (1) the agreements and collective bargaining agreements are sources of social security law? This central problem converges another problem: (2) the pension rights from the conventions and collective agreements persist after the expiry of validity of the agreements and collective bargaining agreements? As hypotheses, the following were formulated: (1) the conventions and collective agreements are sources of social security law. (2) The pension rights from the conventions and collective agreements persist after the expiry of validity of the agreements and collective bargaining agreements based on the principle of sealing the setback. The research of the thesis is relevant scientific and socially for three reasons: (1) provides a legal analysis between two fields of law (labor law and social security law); (2) extends the research object of this thesis to give rise to a transdisciplinary research to the agreements and collective bargaining agreements, which are collective bargaining agreements, can be sources of social security law; (3) the pension rights from the conventions and collective labor agreements are fundamental social rights highlighted social relevance in that the professional categories that celebrate the conventions and collective agreements can fight for the rights gained are permanently incorporated into the heritage collective and individual workers / A tese tem por objetivo geral examinar as convenções e os acordos coletivos de trabalho como fontes do direito previdenciário a fim de discutir como os direitos previdenciários são incorporados ao patrimônio do trabalhador durante e depois da vigência das convenções e dos acordos coletivos de trabalho. Neste sentido é relevante fazer uma releitura dos conceitos de "fontes do direito" a partir do direito constitucional para que sejam examinadas as fontes do direito previdenciário. Há quatro objetivos específicos desta tese: (i) delimitar conceitualmente as fontes do direito; (ii) investigar as convenções e os acordos coletivas de trabalho; (iii) analisar o sistema jurídico de previdência social; (iv) pesquisar os direitos previdenciários oriundos das convenções e dos acordos coletivos de trabalho. O problema de pesquisa desta tese de doutoramento é o seguinte: (1) as convenções e os acordos coletivos de trabalho são fontes do direito previdenciário? Deste problema central converge outro problema: (2) os direitos previdenciários oriundos das convenções e dos acordos coletivos perduram depois de expirado o prazo de validade das convenções e acordos coletivos de trabalho? Como hipóteses, foram formuladas as seguintes: (1) as convenções e os acordos coletivos são fontes do direito previdenciário. (2) Os direitos previdenciários oriundos das convenções e dos acordos coletivos perduram depois de expirado o prazo de validade das convenções e acordos coletivos de trabalho com base no princípio da vedação ao retrocesso. A pesquisa da tese é relevante cientifica e socialmente por três motivos: (1) possibilita uma reflexão jurídica entre dois campos do direito (direito do trabalho e direito previdenciário); (2) amplia o objeto de pesquisa desta tese ao ensejar uma investigação transdisciplinar no sentido de que as convenções e os acordos coletivos de trabalho, que são contratos coletivos de trabalho, podem ser fontes do direito previdenciário; (3) os direitos previdenciários oriundos das convenções e dos acordos coletivos de trabalho são direitos fundamentais sociais de destacada relevância social na medida em que as categorias profissionais que celebram as convenções e os acordos coletivos podem lutar para que os direitos conquistados sejam incorporados definitivamente ao patrimônio coletivo e individual dos trabalhadores

Depuis 1982, la négociation collective d’entreprise s’est fortement développée. La conclusion de conventions et accords adaptant les normes issues de niveaux supérieurs revêt une importance croissante. En atteste le rapport remis en septembre 2015 par le président de la section sociale du Conseil d’Etat au Premier ministre dont certaines propositions vont faire l’objet d’une rapide inscription dans la loi. Son objectif est de redynamiser la négociation collective et de permettre à ses acteurs de s’y investir davantage. Le rôle particulier ainsi confié à la négociation collective d’entreprise tient à la proximité qu’entretiennent les créateurs de la norme avec son application. Le cadre dans lequel ce régime a vocation à déployer ses effets n’est pas intangible. Sous un même vocable sont désignés plusieurs périmètres imbriqués au sein desquels différentes communautés de travail peuvent être identifiées. Toutes ne peuvent être un lieu de négociation. Celle-ci est parfois guidée par l’Etat qui "instrumentalise" les partenaires sociaux dans une logique d’action publique par l’intermédiaire d’incitations à traiter de certains thèmes, voire d’obligations. Outil des politiques publiques, la négociation collective d’entreprise est le creuset d’un intérêt, celui d'une communauté de travail, qui se révèle dans un cadre qui doit être déterminé. Cette identification permet aux parties de s’engager dans un processus d’élaboration de la convention ou de l’accord collectif adapté à la situation de l’entreprise dans laquelle le contrat d’entreprise a vocation à s’appliquer. / Since 1982, company collective bargaining has actively been developed. Concluding collective bargaining agreements and collective agreements adapting higher ranking regulations has become increasingly important, as illustrated by an impending bill of law based on a report written in September 2015 by the President of the Labor Law section of the Conseil d'Etat, and delivered to the Prime Minister. It aims at reinvigorateing company collective bargaining and allowing for an increased implication of the interested parties. Collective bargaining has a noteworthy role since the authors of the regulations are in direct contact with the implementation of the law. The outcome of this technique cannot be materialized within an intangible framework. Several notions are designated under a single denomination. Different working groups can be identified within each notion. Some of these groups cannot be considered as a proper forum for negotiating. Negotiation is sometimes guided by the State that tends to "intrumentalize"social partners to further some State policies. It achieves that through an encouragement or even an obligation to treat certain issues. As a tool used for implementing State policies, collective bargaining has been the breeding ground for the identification of common interests of working communities, that come to light whitin a framework that needs to be identified. This identification enables the parties to start the process of a collective bargaining fitting the company's situation within which the business contract applies.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Collective bargaining has gained more prominence within the industrial relations system as the latter is undergoing a worldwide transformation process. None of the effects of this transformation process is potentially more important to workers than the impact on dispute resolution. Changes in world markets furthermore necessitate a renewed emphasis on quality of products and services. Within this context labour conflicts in the public service have potential crucial consequences for the South African government's ability to promote economic development and service delivery. The Education Labour Relations Council (ELRC) with its nine provincial chambers provides the infrastructure for collective bargaining in the public education sector and plays an important role in managing conflict and disputes within this sector. The goal of this research is to determine whether the Western Cape provincial chamber of the ELRC (PELRC) is effective in the fulfilment of its statutory functions, with specific reference to its collective bargaining and dispute resolution functions. Data has been collected by conducting interviews using an interview schedule. The research indicated that the PELRC does perform its statutory collective bargaining and dispute resolution functions. The PELRC, however, is more active in terms of dispute resolution than collective bargaining. The research established that the PELRC does not measure its effectiveness. Results were inconclusive regarding the PELRC's effectiveness in terms of its service delivery. The research, though did manage to identify those factors that contribute to effectiveness as well as those that counter it. It furthermore indicated that when effective, the PELRC's service delivery has a positive impact on the said statutory functions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kollektiewe bedinging het in vernaamheid binne die arbeidsverhoudinge sisteem toegeneem soos wat laasgenoemde 'n wêreldwye transformasie proses ondergaan. Geen van die gevolge van hierdie transformasie proses is vir werkers moontlik belangriker as die invloed wat dit op dispuut oplossing het nie. Veranderinge binne wêreld markte het verder 'n hernuwe klem op die kwaliteit van produkte en dienste genoodsaak. Binne hierdie verband het arbeidskonflik in die staatsdiens potensieel kritieke gevolge vir die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se vermoë om ekonomiese ontwikkeling en dienslewering te bevorder. Die Raad van Arbeidsverhoudinge in die Onderwys (RAVO) met sy nege provinsiale kamers verskaf die infrastruktuur vir kollektiewe bedinging in die openbare onderwys sektor en speel 'n belangrike rol in die bestuur van konflik en dispute binne hierdie sektor. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te bepaal of die Wes-Kaap provinsiale kamer van die RAVO (PRAVO) effektief is in die uitvoering van sy statutêre funksies met spesifieke verwysing na sy kollektiewe bedinging en dispuut oplossing funksies. Data is ingesamel deur onderhoude te voer waartydens 'n onderhoud skedule gebruik is. Die navorsing het aangetoon dat die PRAVO wel sy statutêre kollektiewe bedinging en dispuut oplossing funksies uitvoer. Die PRAVO is egter meer aktief in terme van dispuut oplossing as kollektiewe bedinging. Die navorsing het vasgestel dat die PRAVO nie sy effektiwiteit meet nie. Resultate was onoortuigend betreffende die PRAVO se effektiwiteit in terme van sy dienslewering. Die navorsing het wel daardie faktore wat tot effektiwiteit bydra sowel as dié wat dit teenwerk geïdentifiseer. Dit het verder aangetoon dat wanneer effektief, die PRAVO se dienslewering 'n positiewe invloed op die genoemde statutêre funksies het.

Thesis. 1976. M.C.P. cn--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 135-137. / by Judy A. Levenson. / M.C.P.cn