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Work structures our daily experiences across all spheres of life, including what we do outside of work. But our theories of work have largely sidestepped a deeper probe into the significance of leisure. This dissertation explores the process and consequences of turning leisure into labor. At the intersection of sport, technology, and entertainment, esports has created a market for professional gamers— those who make a living playing video games. My qualitative study draws on interviews with 75 esports professionals alongside digital ethnographic practices. Video gaming begins as a hobby, a self-driven pursuit undertaken purely for fun. Competitive gamers who take their play seriously find themselves not just playing but training with purpose and discipline. Professional gaming is more than a job; it is an immersive lifestyle that demands arduous work in exchange for fun. But in in getting paid to play, professional gamers enter an uncertain, unstable, short-lived career, with long demanding hours, limited future prospects, and sometimes little to no pay. In the end, some gamers choose to stay, some leave, while others push past the fun. The professionalization and commodification of professional gaming offers a unique take on the boundaries of work, and the meaning and value of our time, effort, skills, and selves. This dissertation presents two papers tracing the career arc of a professional gamer: becoming, being, and retiring. In the first paper I ask: what are the structures and practices of creating and sustaining consent to work? I examine consent through two perspectives: consent at work—high effort and productivity— and consent to work—opting into and staying committed to work itself. The second paper investigates how people balance their intrinsic motivations to work—passion, fulfillment, excitement—with the constraints of work—routine, obligations, necessity— and how this negotiation shapes their career paths. / 2026-05-21T00:00:00Z

Although current professional and public opinion support the right of the client to make an informed decision about entering and continuing in a psychotherapy or counseling relationship, research studying the effects of informed consent on client behaviors and attitudes in the medical, research, and mental health fields has resulted in equivocal findings. This study looked at the effects of an informed consent procedure on client behaviors and attitudes in a pro-life pregnancy counseling center where the center's primary goal is to reduce the number of abortion decisions among clients. Thirty of the center's clients (Experimental Group) were given an Informed Consent Sheet that explicitly stated the center's policies, procedures, and goals while another 30 clients {Control Group) were exposed to the center's regular procedures which did not include this Informed Consent Sheet. Results of subsequently administered questionnaires showed that there were no differences between groups regarding their stated intention to abort a potential pregnancy, nor were there any differences between groups on their attitudes toward their counselors and their counseling experience, in general.

Sexual violence is a public health and safety problem affecting many children across the United States. One preventative tool the public health department uses to mitigate the high prevalence rates and harm of sexual violence is teaching consent skills to children. Previous research has demonstrated that behavior analytic principles effectively teach other important safety skills (e.g., abduction prevention, gun safety, and poison safety). Thus, it is possible that using behavioral technologies to teach consent skills will show similar effectiveness as teaching safety skills. The current study’s purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of using behavioral skills training (BST), video modeling, and in-situ training (IST) to teach consent skills to children. The results of the current study demonstrate that the comprehensive teaching package (i.e., BST, video modeling, and IST) is effective in teaching consent skills to children. Limitations and future research are discussed in further detail in the study.

The therapeutic privilege is a defence in terms of which a doctor may withhold information from a patient if disclosure of such information could harm the patient. This study explores the defence of therapeutic privilege and provides a critical evaluation. A comparative investigation is undertaken, while arguments springing from a variety of disciplines are also incorporated. A number of submissions are made for limiting the ambit of the defence. The main submission is that the therapeutic privilege should comply with all the requirements of the defence of necessity. In addition, it should contain some of the safeguards afforded to the patient by the requirements of the defence of negotiorum gestio so that therapeutic privilege is out of the question if medical treatment is administered against the patient's will, or the doctor has reason to believe (or knows) that the patient will refuse to undergo an intended intervention once properly informed. / Jurisprudence / L.L.M. (Jurisprudence)

O presente trabalho avaliou através de um questionário e entrevistas pessoais no período de maio a setembro de 2004, cinqüenta participantes voluntários sujeitos de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos, nas unidades de saúde do âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde – SMS, espalhadas pelo município de São Paulo e na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo – FOUSP. Colheu a opinião destes, sobre a experiência da voluntariedade nos experimentos de que participaram nestes locais, abordando questões como: o motivo de terem contribuído, grau de conhecimento do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido -TCLE e a importância dispensada a este documento, com que concordaram e autorizaram a participação, de acordo com a determinação da Resolução 196/96, diretriz nacional que regulamenta as pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. O estudo observou que, passados oito anos da entrada em vigor da Resolução 196/96, o processo de obtenção do consentimento livre e esclarecido ainda carece de cuidados. Participantes efetivamente não são esclarecidos ou não entendem o que lhes foi proposto. Consideramos a necessidade de uma maior difusão, através de ações educativas, do assunto “experimentação com seres humanos", para um maior entendimento dos voluntários de pesquisas dos seus direitos e deveres, no sentido de manter as pesquisas num elevado padrão ético. O presente estudo pretende contribuir com a hermenêutica desta Resolução e suscitar maiores discussões e reflexões sobre o assunto / The present assignment evaluated through a questionnaire and personal interviews in the period within May and September 2004, fifty volunteered participants subjects of researches involving human beings, in the units of health SMS) in São Paulo city and at Odontology University of São Paulo - FOUSP. It collected the opinion of these volunteers about the experience of voluntariness in the experiments that took part in these locals, tackling matters as: their reason of having contributed, knowledge degree of free consent form – TCLE and the dispensed importance of this document, to which they agreed and authorized the participation, according to the determination of the Resolution 196/96, national guideline that regulates the researches involving human beings. The study observed that eight years after the Resolution 196/96 was put into effect, the obtainment process of the informed consent still lacks of cares. Participants are not clear or do not understand what they were proposed. We consider the need of a larger diffusion through educational actions, of the subject experimentation with human beings, for volunteers larger understanding of their right and duties, in the sense to maintaining the researches in an elevated ethical standard. The present study intends to contribute with the hermeneutics of this Resolution and to raise larger discussions and reflections on the subject

Pour la bioéthique, le consentement éclairé est un processus dialogique qui, au travers d’un échange d’informations, garantit le respect du droit du patient à l’autodétermination. Or, il est souvent confondu avec le formulaire de consentement éclairé, document signé par le patient ou son responsable légal, à la demande du médecin ou de l’établissement hospitalier, reconnaissant que toutes les informations sur le traitement et ses risques lui ont été fournies. Cette thèse se propose de vérifier dans quelle mesure, pour ce qui est des soins médicaux, l’usage du « formulaire de consentement éclairé » sans ce processus communicatif dialogique dit de « consentement éclairé » suffit, en soi, à déclarer irrecevables les actions en responsabilité civile pour non respect ou manquement au respect du devoir d’expliquer les risques inhérents aux procédures diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Notre méthode d’investigation s’appuie sur une révision bibliographique et une recherche documentaire des arrêts contenant l’expression « consentement éclairé » (ou un de ses équivalents). Elle examine 60 arrêts de cours de justice d’états brésiliens pour déterminer le profil des actions et vérifier leur résultat. Le test exact de Fisher a également été utilisé pour déterminer l’association entre les variables « utilisation ou non du formulaire » et « recevabilité ou non des demandes ». Il en ressort que, bien qu’aucune norme brésilienne ne réglemente les formes d’expression du consentement éclairé, un fondement juridique a surgi de l’association systématique de l’intitulé de l’Art. 5 de la Constitution fédérale, du Code civil, en particulier de ses Arts.11 à 21 qui protègent les droits de la personnalité, de l’Art. 6-III du code de la consommation, qui dispose des devoirs d’information et de transparence, et du code de déontologie médicale qui exige l’éclaircissement et le consentement préalables du patient ou de son responsable légal (Art. 22) et interdit toute limitation du droit du patient à disposer de lui-même et de son bien-être (Arts. 24 et 31). Les devoirs d’information des médecins intègrent donc le processus de consentement éclairé, dont la violation peut entraîner la responsabilité civile de ce professionnel, à condition qu’existent les présomptions de dommage au patient, de culpabilité du médecin et de rapport causal entre cette culpabilité et le dommage découlant de la violation du devoir d’information sans que rien ne justifie le manquement au devoir du docteur. / O consentimento informado é entendido, pela Bioética, como um processo dialógico que, por meio da troca de informações, garante o respeito à autodeterminação do paciente, sendo, porém, freqüentemente confundido com o Termo de Consentimento Informado, documento assinado pelo paciente ou seus familiares, a pedido do médico ou da instituição hospitalar, dando ciência de ter recebido informação pertinente ao tratamento e aos seus riscos. Esta tese tem como objetivo verificar em que medida o uso do “termo de consentimento informado”, na assistência médica, de forma desacompanhada do processo comunicativo dialógico chamado “consentimento informado” é de per si suficiente para afastar a procedência de demandas judiciais de responsabilidade civil por ausência ou deficiência do dever de informar riscos inerentes aos procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Utilizou-se como método de pesquisa a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental em acórdãos que contém a expressão “consentimento informado”(ou equivalentes). A análise foi realizada sobre uma base de 60 acórdãos de Tribunais de Justiça estaduais para verificar o perfil e resultado das demandas. Também aplicou-se o Teste Exato de Fisher, para medir a associação entre variáveis “uso ou não do termo de consentimento” e “procedência ou improcedência das demandas”. Verificou-se que, embora não haja norma nacional que o regulamente as formas de expressão do consentimento informado, há fundamentação jurídica, decorrente da coligação sistemática entre o Art. 5º, caput, da Constituição Federal; o Código Civil, especialmente nos direitos de personalidade, entre os Arts.11 a 21 do Código Civil, que resguardam os Direitos de Personalidade; o Art. 6, III do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, relativo aos deveres de informação e transparência; e o Código de Ética Médica, que exige o esclarecimento e o consentimento prévios do paciente ou de seu responsável legal (Art. 22) e veda qualquer limitação ao exercício do direito do paciente de decidir livremente sobre sua pessoa ou seu bem-estar (Arts. 24 e 31). Os deveres informativos dos médicos integram o processo de consentimento informado e sua violação pode ter como conseqüência a responsabilidade civil do profissional, desde que verificados os pressupostos do dano ao paciente, da culpa do médico e do nexo causal entre a culpa e o dano decorrente da violação de dever informativo e não haja excludente ao dever. / According to Bioethics, informed consent is a dialogic process that, by means of information sharing, accords respect to patients’ self-determination. However, this is often confused with the Informed Consent Form, which is a document signed by patients and family members at the doctor’s or hospital administrator’s request, confirming that they have received information about the treatment and its risks. This thesis is aimed at checking to what extent the use of the “informed consent form” in medical assistance, unaccompanied by the dialogic communicative process called “informed consent”, is per se sufficient to prevent civil liability claims for absence of or deficiency in the duty to inform people about the risks inherent in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The adopted research method was bibliographical review and documental investigation into appellate decisions containing the expression “informed consent” (or equivalents). The analysis was conducted based on 60 appellate decisions reached by state Appellate Courts in order to examine the profile and result of claims Fisher's Exact Test was also administered to measure the association between the variables “use or non-use of the “consent form” and the “validity or invalidity of claims”. It was found that, although there are no national rules governing the forms of expression about informed consent, there are legal foundations arising from the systematic link among the head provision of Art. 5 of the Federal Constitution; the Civil Code, especially in reference to personality rights, Articles 11-21 of the Civil Code, which protect the Personality Rights; Art. 6, III of the Consumer Protection Code concerning information and transparence duties; and the Code of Medical Ethics, which requires the clarification and prior consent of the patient or his/her legal guardian (Art. 22) and forbids any limitation to the patient’s right to freely decide on his/her person or well-being (Articles 24 and 31). Doctors’ informative duties are an integral part of the informed consent process and violation thereof might result in the professional’s civil liability if harm to the patient, the doctor’s fault, and the causal relation between the fault and the harm resulting from violation of the informative duty are confirmed and if no duty exclusion mechanism exists.

This thesis draws on a community-engaged digital-mapping project with the Vancouver Island Coast Salish community of the Stz’uminus First Nation. In this paper, I discuss the ways in which conventional cartographic representations of Indigenous peoples are laden with methodological and visual assumptions that position Indigenous peoples’ perspectives, stories, and experiences within test-, proof-, and boundary-driven legal and Eurocentric contexts. In contrast, I frame this project’s methodology and digital mapping tools as an effort to map a depth of place, the emotional, spiritual, experiential, and kin-based cultural context that is routinely glossed over in conventional mapping practices. I argue elders’ place-based stories, when recorded on video and embedded in a digital map, produce a space for the “unmappable,” that which cannot, or will not, be expressed within the constructs of a static two-dimensional map. This thesis also describes a refusal to steep maps too deeply in cultural context for a public audience. I detail the conversations that emerged in response to a set of deeply spiritual, cultural, and personal stories to mark how the presence of Coast Salish law, customs, power structures, varying intra-community perspectives, and refusal came to bear on the production of “blank space” (interpreted colonially and legally as terra nullius) in this project’s cartographic representation. Finally, I conclude that Coast Salish sharing customs are embedded within networks of Coast Salish customary legal traditions, which fundamentally affects tensions that arise between storytelling and digital mapping technologies, between academic and community accountabilities, and between collective and individual consent. / Graduate / 2019-10-13

Over the last few years, policies have been introduced in the UK which aim to improve organ transplantation rates by changing the way that potential organ donors are treated before death. Patients incapacitated due to catastrophic brain injury may now undergo ante-mortem donor optimisation procedures to facilitate deceased organ donation. As I identify in this thesis, the most significant ethical and legal problem with these policies is that they are not based on what the patient would have chosen for themselves in the specific circumstances. The policies identify and treat patients meeting certain clinical criteria as a group rather than the individuals, with their own viewpoints, that the law on best interests requires. They equate registration on the Organ Donation Register with ante-mortem donor optimisation procedures being in their best interests, despite registrants having neither been informed about nor given consent to ante-mortem interventions. The overarching claim I make in this thesis is that a system of specific advance consent is needed to provide a clear and unequivocal legal justification for ante-mortem donor optimisation procedures. The ethical foundation for this claim is autonomy, and this is the central theme running through all six chapters. I argue that autonomy should be incorporated into donor optimisation policy to promote the dignity and integrity of potential organ donors and to safeguard trust in the organ donation programme. I argue that a system of specific advance consent is needed as part of the duty of care owed to registrants on the Organ Donor Register and to facilitate the determination of the best interests of the potential organ donor. I argue that the state has not established the necessity of the current policy of non-consensual donor optimisation procedures and that they are under an ethical and legal obligation to introduce an autonomy-based framework for ante-mortem interventions to facilitate organ donation.

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