abstract: The remarkable conservation of molecular and intra-/inter-cellular pathways underpinning the fundamental aspects of sugar partitioning in two evolutionarily divergent organisms – a non-vascular moss Physcomitrella patens and a vascular cereal crop Oryza sativa (rice) – forms the basis of this manuscript. Much of our current knowledge pertaining to sugar partitioning in plants mainly comes from studies in thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana, but how photosynthetic sugar is loaded into the phloem in a crop as important as rice is still debated. Even less is known about the mechanistic aspects of sugar movement in mosses. In plants, sugar either moves passively via intercellular channels called plasmodesmata, or through the cell wall spaces in an energy-consuming process. As such, I first investigated the structure of plasmodesmata in rice leaf minor vein using electron tomography to create as of yet unreported 3D models of these channels in both simple and branched conformations. Contrary to generally held belief, I report two different 3D morphotypes of simple plasmodesmata in rice. Furthermore, the complementary body of evidence in arabidopsis implicates plasma membrane localized Proton Pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) in the energy-dependent movement of sugar. Within this wider purview, I studied the in situ ultrastructural localization patterns of H+-PPase orthologs in high-pressure frozen tissues of rice and physcomitrella. Were H+-PPases neo-functionalized in the vascular tissues of higher plants? Or are there evolutionarily conserved roles of this protein that transcend the phylogenetic diversity of land plants? I show that H+-PPases are distinctly expressed in the actively growing regions of both rice and physcomitrella. As expected, H+-PPases were also localized in the vascular tissues of rice. But surprisingly, H+-PPase orthologs were also prominently expressed at the gametophyte-sporophyte junction of physcomitrella. Upon immunogold labeling, H+-PPases were found to be predominantly localized at the plasma membrane of the phloem complexes of rice source leaves, and both the vacuoles and plasma membrane of the transfer cells in the physcomitrella haustorium, linking H+-PPases in active sucrose loading in both plants. As such, these findings suggest that the localization and presumably the function of H+-PPases are conserved throughout the evolutionary history of land plants. / Dissertation/Thesis / 3D MODEL OF SIMPLE PLASMODESMATA / 3D MODEL OF COMPLEX PLASMODESMATA / MODELING SIMPLE PLASMODESMATA IN IMOD / MODELING COMPLEX PLASMODESMATA IN IMOD / Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2016

abstract: Operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an extension of in-situ TEM in which the performance of the material being observed is measured simultaneously. This is of great value, since structure-performance relationships lie at the heart of materials science. For catalyst materials, like the SiO2-supported Ru nanoparticles studied, the important performance metric, catalyst activity, is measured inside the microscope by determining the gas composition during imaging. This is accomplished by acquisition of electron energy loss spectra (EELS) of the gas in the environmental TEM while catalysis is taking place. In this work, automated methods for rapidly quantifying low-loss and core-loss EELS of gases were developed. A new sample preparation method was also established to increase catalytic conversion inside a differentially-pumped environmental TEM, and the maximum CO conversion observed was about 80%. A system for mixing gases and delivering them to the environmental TEM was designed and built, and a method for locating and imaging nanoparticles in zone axis orientations while minimizing electron dose rate was determined. After atomic resolution images of Ru nanoparticles observed during CO oxidation were obtained, the shape and surface structures of these particles was investigated. A Wulff model structure for Ru particles was compared to experimental images both by manually rotating the model, and by automatically determining a matching orientation using cross-correlation of shape signatures. From this analysis, it was determined that most Ru particles are close to Wulff-shaped during CO oxidation. While thick oxide layers were not observed to form on Ru during CO oxidation, thin RuO2 layers on the surface of Ru nanoparticles were imaged with atomic resolution for the first time. The activity of these layers is discussed in the context of the literature on the subject, which has thus far been inconclusive. We conclude that disordered oxidized ruthenium, rather than crystalline RuO2 is the most active species. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Materials Science and Engineering 2016

abstract: Integrated oxide/semiconductor heterostructures have attracted intense interest for device applications which require sharp interfaces and controlled defects. The research of this dissertation has focused on the characterization of perovskite oxide/oxide and oxide/semiconductor heterostructures, and the analysis of interfaces and defect structures, using scanning transmission electrom microscopy (STEM) and related techniques. The SrTiO3/Si system was initially studied to develop a basic understanding of the integration of perovskite oxides with semiconductors, and successful integration with abrupt interfaces was demonstrated. Defect analysis showed no misfit dislocations but only anti-phase boundaries (APBs) in the SrTiO3 (STO) films. Similar defects were later observed in other perovskite oxide heterostructures. Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) thin films deposited directly onto STO substrates, or STO buffer layers with Ge substrates, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in order to control the polarization orientation for field-effect transistors (FETs). STEM imaging and elemental mapping by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) showed structurally and chemically abrupt interfaces, and the BTO films retained the c-axis-oriented tetragonal structure for both BTO/STO and BTO/STO/Ge heterostructures. The polarization displacement in the BTO films of TiN/BTO/STO heterostructures was investigated. The Ti4+ atomic column displacements and lattice parameters were measured directly using HAADF images. A polarization gradient, which switched from upwards to downwards, was observed in the BTO thin film, and evidence was found for positively-charged oxygen vacancies. Heterostructures grown on Ge substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were characterized and compared with MBE-grown samples. A two-step process was needed to overcome interlayer reaction at the beginning of ALD growth. A-site-rich oxide films with thicknesses of at least 2-nm had to be deposited and then crystallized before initiating deposition of the following perovskite oxide layer in order to suppress the formation of amorphous oxide layers on the Ge surface. BTO/STO/Ge, BTO/Ge, SrHfTiO3/Ge and SrZrO3/Ge thin films with excellent crystallinity were grown using this process. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) heterostructures were fabricated as ferroelectric capacitors and then electrically stressed to the point of breakdown to correlate structural changes with electrical and physical properties. BaTiO3 on Nb:STO was patterned with different top metal electrodes by focused-ion-beam milling, Au/Ni liftoff, and an isolation-defined approach. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Materials Science and Engineering 2018

L’adressage des protéines vers leur correct emplacement est crucial pour la cellule. L’information d’adressage est fournie sous la forme d’une séquence signale par le polypeptide lui-même. Chez Escherichia coli, les protéines membranaires sont adressées vers la membrane de façon co-traductionnelle via la particule de reconnaissance du signal (SRP) tandis que les protéines sécrétées suivent la voie de translocation post-traductionnelle caractérisée par les protéines SecB et SecA qui sont impliquées dans le processus d’adressage. Ces deux voies convergent au niveau du canal de translocation des protéines SecYEG. Chose intéressante, SecYEG a la possibilité de recruter les domaines accessoires SecDF-YajC et YidC et ainsi former le complexe holotranslocon (HTL). La recherche actuelle sur la translocation des protéines se concentre principalement sur la structure et fonction du canal de translocation des protéines hétérotrimérique bactérien SecYEG qui est conservé. Peu de choses sont connues concernant la structure et la fonction des composants additionnels SecD, SecF et YidC formant la machinerie de translocation et qui sont essentiels pour E. coli. Ceci est dû principalement à l’absence d’un complexe holotranslocon SecYEG-DF-YidC (HTL) recombinant purifié. En conséquence, une analyse biophysique et structurale minutieuse de ce large complexe transmembranaire composé de sept sous-unités est toujours en suspens.En utilisant un nouveau système d’expression pour des complexes multi-protéiques basé sur la recombinaison de vecteur chez E. coli, nous avons avec succès surproduit l’holotranslocon SecYEG-DF-YajC-YidC et son sous-complexe composé de SecDF-YajC-YidC (DFYY). Nous avons également réussi à solubiliser avec l’aide de détergents et à purifier ces complexes. L’holotranslocon purifié a ensuite été utilisé afin de caractériser de façon biochimique le complexe et de déterminer la structure de l’holotranslocon. Premièrement, le complexe HTL semble être plus compétent pour l’insertion co-traductionnelle des protéines membranaires comparé à SecYEG isolé. Concernant la translocation post-traductionnelle d’une protéine de la membrane externe à tonneau β, dépendante de la présence de SecA et d’ATP, l’influence de la force proton motrice sur ce processus est augmentée. De plus, la présence du domaine accessoire semble améliorer l’attachement du ribosome au translocon. En utilisant des cellules déplétées de SecDF et YajC, nous avons identifié des substrats possibles de HTL qui doivent maintenant être confirmés et analysés manière plus approfondie par des expériences de translocation in vitro.Par la suite, nous avons résolu la structure de l’holotranslocon par cryo-microscopie électronique (ME) et analyse des particules isolées. En comparant les reconstructions de ME8du complexe HTL avec le sous-complexe de domaine accessoire SecDF-YajC-YidC, nous avons été capable de localisé le complexe principal SecYEG. La structure de HTL par cryo-ME a pu être affinée jusqu’à une résolution de 10.5 Å. Cette structure permet le placement des structures à haute résolution disponibles de SecYEG, SecDF et YidC afin de générer un modèle quasi-atomique de l’holotranslocon. Les jeu de données ainsi obtenus sont volumineux et souffrent d’un taux élevé de « faux positifs », probablement dû à des réactions de réticulation inter-complexe. C’est pourquoi ils nécessitent une évaluation minutieuse et les résultats intéressants devraient être confirmés par une méthode indépendante. Dans le futur, des études structurales du complexe ribosome-HTL par cryo-ME ainsi qu’une reconstitution de HTL dans des nanodisques vont être menées pour révéler la conformation de HTL en cours de translocation dans un environnement plus physiologique. Des études biochimiques complémentaires sur le mécanisme de co- et post-translocation par HTL et son spectre substrats abordent la question du rôle physiologique de l’holotranslocon dans la cellule. / Targeting of proteins to their proper location in the cell is crucial to the cell. The targeting information is provided in form of a signal sequence by the polypeptide itself. In Escherichia coli, membrane proteins are targeted co-translationally via the signal recognition particle (SRP) to the membrane whereas secretory proteins follow the post-translational translocation pathway characterized by the proteins SecB and SecA involved in the targeting process. Both pathways converge at the protein-conducting channel SecYEG. Interestingly, SecYEG has the possibility to recruit accessory domains SecDF-YajC and YidC, forming the holotranslocon (HTL) complex. Current research on protein translocation mostly focuses on the structure and function of the conserved bacterial heterotrimeric protein conducting channel SecYEG. Not much is known about the structure and function of the additional components of the translocation machinery SecD, SecF and YidC which are essential for E. coli. This is largely due to the lack of a purified, recombinant SecYEG-DF-YidC holotranslocon (HTL) complex. Accordingly, a thorough biophysical and structural analysis of this large, seven-membered transmembrane complex is still pending.Using a new recombineering-based vector system for expression of multi-protein complexes in E. coli, we successfully over-produced the SecYEG-DF-YajC-YidC holotranslocon and its subcomplex consisting of SecDF-YajC-YidC (DFYY). We also succeeded in detergent-solubilising and purifying these complexes. The purified holotranslocon was used to biochemically characterize the complex and to determine the structure of the holotranslocon. First of all, the HTL seems to be more competent for co-translational membrane proteins insertion compared to SecYEG alone. Regarding the post-translational translocation of a β-barrel outer-membrane protein, driven by SecA and ATP, the proton-motive force dependence of this process is increased. Furthermore, the presence of the accessory domains seems to enhance the binding of the ribosome to the translocon. By using cells depleted of SecDF and YajC, we identified possible HTL-substrates which have to be confirmed and further analyzed yet by in vitro translocation experiments.Subsequently, we solved by cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and single particle analysis the structure of the holotranslocon. By comparing the EM reconstructions of the HTL complex with the subcomplex of the accessory domains SecDF-YajC-YidC, we were able to localize the core complex SecYEG. The HTL cryo-EM structure could be refined to a resolution of 10.5 Å. This structure allows the placement of the available high–resolution crystal structure of SecYEG, SecDF, and YidC to generate a quasi-atomic model of the holotranslocon.6In order to confirm our quasi-atomic model, we made use of different crosslinking- and mass spectroscopy-based approaches (CLMS) to characterize the protein-protein interactions within the holotranslocon complex. These CLMS data sets are large and suffer from a high rate of ‘false positives’, possibly caused by inter-complex crosslinks. Thus, they need to be carefully evaluated and interesting fits should be confirmed by an independent method. In the future, structural studies of the ribosome-HTL complex by cryo-EM together with reconstitution of the HTL into nanodiscs will be undertaken to reveal the conformation of the actively translocating HTL in a more physiological environment. Additional biochemical studies on the molecular mechanism of co- and post-translocation by HTL and its substrate spectrum are addressing the question about the physiological role of the holotranslocon in the cell.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_apf_me_botfm.pdf: 463235 bytes, checksum: f5c3dd035d2b9e83db6356001aa70012 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] is a herbicide that in a previous longterm study with Wistar rats fed at 2,500 ppm concentration showed high incidence of urothelial tumors in both genders. Accordingly, USEPA categorized Diuron as a “known/likely” human carcinogen. The accepted non-genotoxic mode of action (MOA) of Diuron encompasses urothelial necrosis induced by direct cytotoxicity, followed by regenerative cell proliferation and sustained urothelial hyperplasia that may favor neoplasia development. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy and labeling index are essentials tools for identification and classification of cytotoxic and proliferative changes in the bladder. The present study evaluated the dose-response of Diuron regarding urothelial lesions. Sixty male Wistar rats were fed Diuron for 20 weeks mixed in the diet at 0, 60, 125, 500, 1,250, or 2,500 ppm. Simple hyperplasia was significantly increased in the Diuron 1,250 and 2,500 ppm groups, and the cell proliferation at 2,500 ppm group. By SEM, the incidences and severity of lesions were significantly greater in the 500 and 1,250 ppm. Although numerically increased, the incidence of lesions in the 2,500 ppm group did not differ significantly from the control. The present study documented a doseresponse influence of Diuron on the rat urothelium, with a no observed effect level (NOEL) of 125 ppm.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cavassim_r_me_arafo.pdf: 4096982 bytes, checksum: a77c8ce033298157f068b1b8ecf2f94a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A raspagem cria “smear layer” que pode obliterar os túbulos dentinários e recobrir a raiz dental, podendo acarretar atraso no reparo de feridas periodontais. Diversas substâncias são utilizadas para biomodificação radicular com objetivo de remover tecido mineralizado e expor as fibras colágenas da matriz dentinária, favorecendo a quimiotaxia e migração de células do ligamento periodontal. Este estudo avaliou diferentes concentrações, modos e tempos de aplicação de ácido cítrico na biomodificação radicular. Dentes humanos tiveram duas áreas de 3x2 mm delimitadas apicalmente a junção cemento-esmalte com a utilização de fresa cilíndrica, instrumentadas com 50 movimentos de raspagem utilizando curetas de Gracey 5/6 e em seguida, espécimes foram obtidos e divididos em 6 grupos (45 amostras/grupo): soro fisiológico (controle), ácido cítrico (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 15% e 25%), com tempos de 1, 2 ou 3 minutos para cada grupo, nos modos de aplicação: a) aplicação passiva (bolinha de algodão); b) fricção suave (pincel); c) fricção vigorosa (bolinha de algodão), com renovação da solução a cada 30 segundos. As amostras foram submetidas à desidratação em concentrações crescentes de álcool etílico e HMDS, sendo em seguidas metalizadas e levadas para observação em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Um examinador treinado, calibrado e cego avaliou as fotomicrografias obtidas utilizando o Índice de Remoção de Smear Layer proposto por Sampaio em 1999, atribuindo escores de 1 a 8. A análise estatística foi realizada comparando-se as proporções dos escores obtidos, e mostrou que a concentração de 25 % aplicada por fricção suave no tempo de 3 minutos é recomendada para utilização do ácido cítrico na biomodificação radicular. / The root scaling produces a smear layer which contains microorganisms and toxins that obliterates the dentinal tubules and covers the root surface, affecting the periodontal healing process. Different substances have been used to promote root biomodification with the purpose of creating the demineralization of the root surface and the collagen fibrils´ exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate different concentrations, modes and application times of citric acid in the root biomodification. Human teeth had an area of 3x2mm delimited from the apical to the cement-enamel junction. This area was scaled, with 50 strokes by hand instruments, to produce smear layer. The specimens were divided in 6 groups. (45 samples/group): physiologic solution (control) and citric acid (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 15% and 25%). The application time was 1´, 2´and 3´ to each group. The application modes were: a) topic application, with cotton pellets; b) brushing, with a soft brush; c) burnishing, with cotton pellets. In all modes, the solution was renewed every 30”. The samples were submitted to ethylic alcohol and HMDS dehydration and then they were evaluated using the scanning electron microscopy. A blind and trained examiner evaluated photomicrographs based on Sampaio´s index (1999). Data were statistically analyzed by means of a binomial test (p≤0.05). The statistical analysis showed that the best results were achieved with the 25% concentration applicated by brushing for 3 minutes. Thus, theses parameters are the recommended for root biomodification with the citric acid.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3809.pdf: 18037254 bytes, checksum: 533060ed30b617a7a57320b8bef7996a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-18 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The commercial breeding of the Caiman yacare has been consolidated in the state of Mato Grosso as an alternative and as a legal activity for rural properties in the area of its natural occurrence, restraining predatory hunting and collaborating to the preservation of the species. The rationalization of the production process into the caiman's breading is a relatively new action, which allows obtaining better skin quality and its integral use, different from those originated from animals living in wildlife. Considering the importance of the intestines as the main organ where the major events related to obtaining nutrients for the body metabolism occur, this study aimed at characterizing qualitative and quantitatively the mucosa of the small and large intestine of the C. yacare. For the characterization of the intestinal wall structure and histometry of the mucosa, intestinal samples from 16 animals were collected for the study in the optical microscope and two others for the study in the scanning electron microscope. The samples were obtained and processed according to the respective protocols, in five regions, four from the small intestine and one from the large intestine. The stains were hematoxylin, eosin, Mallory trichomo and Picrossirius, and the histochemical techniques consisted of the reaction to periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue pH 1.0 counterstained with hematoxylin and alcian blue pH 2.5 conjugated to periodic acid-Schiff. Histometric study was used in the analysis of variance and Neuwman-Keuls test. For the description of histological structures it was used the terminology available in Nomina Histology. The wall structure of small and large intestine of the C. yacare was composed of the tunica mucosa, muscular and serosa. The mucosa was composed of epithelial lining like the simple cylindrical type made by epithelial columnar cells of the villus and goblet cells; characteristic lamina of loose connective tissue and muscular tissue from the single mucosa. The composition of the secretion of goblet cells ranged from neutral to acid. It was not observed the presence of intestinal glands. The muscular layer consisted of two decks, the circular and the longitudinal, the former being the most developed. The serosa was typical. The specializations of the mucosa observed in the small and in the large intestine, respectively, were intestinal villi and folds, and alongside the regions of the intestine, showed a reduction of its complexity. The histometric study of the mucosa showed a statistically significant difference between the small and the large intestine. The scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of one type of ridge or fold in the duodenum and two types in the other regions analyzed. They showed variation in shape, spacing, height and scale between the regions. Although the structure of the intestinal wall of C. yacare is similar to those of other crocodilians, of the green turtle and of the ostrich, it is still necessary to carry out studies about the histophysiology so that the nutritional management of the species in captivity is improved. / A criação de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare) tem-se consolidado no estado de Mato Grosso como atividade alternativa e legal para as propriedades rurais na área de ocorrência natural da espécie, coibindo a caça predatória e colaborando na preservação da espécie. A racionalização do processo produtivo na criação de jacaré é uma ação relativamente nova, que permite obter pele de melhor qualidade e de utilização integral, diferentemente daquelas oriundas de animais da natureza. Considerando a importância dos intestinos como sede dos principais eventos relacionados à obtenção de nutrientes para o metabolismo corpóreo, este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar qualitativa e quantitativamente a mucosa dos intestinos delgado e grosso do jacaré-do-pantanal. Para a caracterização da estrutura da parede intestinal e da histometria da mucosa foram coletadas amostras intestinais de 16 jacarés para o estudo ao microscópio óptico e de outros dois para o estudo ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura. As amostras foram obtidas e processadas de acordo com os respectivos protocolos, em cinco regiões, sendo quatro do intestino delgado e uma do intestino grosso. As colorações realizadas foram hematoxilina eosina, tricomo de Mallory e Picrossirius, e a técnicas histoquímicas constituíram de reação ao ácido periódico de Schiff, alcian blue pH 1,0 contrastado com hematoxilina e alcian blue pH 2,5 conjugado ao ácido periódico de Schiff. No estudo histométrico foi empregado a análise de variância e Teste de Neuwman-Keuls. Para a descrição das estruturas histológicas foi empregada a terminologia disponível na Nomina Histologia. A estrutura da parede do intestino delgado e grosso do jacaré-dopantanal é constituída pelas túnicas mucosa, muscular e serosa. A mucosa é formada por epitélio de revestimento do tipo cilíndrico simples constituído pelo epiteliócito colunar da vilosidade e o exocrinócito caliciforme; lâmina própria de tecido conjuntivo frouxo e muscular da mucosa única. A composição da secreção do exocrinócito caliciforme variou de neutro a ácido. Não foi observada a presença de glândulas intestinais. A túnica muscular é constituída por dois estrados, o circular e o longitudinal, sendo o estrato circular o mais desenvolvido. A serosa é típica. As especializações da mucosa observadas no intestino delgado e grosso, respectivamente, foram vilosidades e pregas intestinais, e ao longo das regiões dos intestinos, apresentaram diminuição de sua complexidade. O estudo histométrico da mucosa demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre o intestino delgado e grosso. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura evidenciou a presença de 1 tipo de prega ou crista no duodeno e 2 tipos nas demais regiões analisadas. Elas apresentam variação de forma, espaçamento, altura e a amplitude entre as regiões. Embora a estrutura da parede intestinal de C. yacare seja semelhante à de outros crocodilianos, a da tartaruga verde e avestruz, ainda se faz necessário estudos sobre a histofisiologia para que o manejo nutricional da espécie em cativeiro seja incrementado.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 isola_jgmp_me_jabo.pdf: 3165720 bytes, checksum: f8e7a45bb499548ba3c06fc07e342764 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Considerando-se a falta de informações detalhadas sobre a morfologia da paca e dada a importância do tegumento comum, descreveu-se a morfologia, morfometria e a ultraestrutura da pele de oito pacas (Cuniculus paca) machos e fêmeas, mediante a análise comparativa de segmentos cutâneos das regiões cervical, dorsal, medial do carpo e coxins palmares e plantares. Observaram-se macroscopicamente as características da pelagem. Parte dos segmentos das regiões cutâneas foi analisado à microscopia de luz e parte, à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Mensuraram-se as espessuras da derme, epiderme, camada córnea, fibras de colágeno da derme reticular; área das células das glândulas sebáceas repletas, exceto nos coxins, onde se verificaram as espessuras da derme, epiderme e camada córnea. Analisaram-se os resultados pela estatística descritiva e teste “T” (p=0,00). A coloração da pelagem da paca é castanho avermelhado e os pelos organizados em grupos. A epiderme apresenta as camadas basal, espinhosa, granular e córnea, bem delimitadas; os coxins apresentam ainda, a camada lúcida. A derme constituía-se pelas camadas: papilar e reticular, com pelos e glândulas. Com exceção da área das células das glândulas sebáceas repletas, a espessura de todas as estruturas avaliadas apresentou-se maior nos machos, quando comparados com as fêmeas. A espessura da derme, da camada córnea da epiderme, das fibras colágenas da camada reticular da derme, além da área das células das glândulas sebáceas repletas foram maiores na região cervical. A região medial do carpo apresentou maior espessura total da epiderme. Em relação aos coxins verificou-se que a espessura da derme do coxim plantar era significativamente maior do que a do coxim palmar... / Considering the lack of detailed information on the morphology of Paca and the importance of the common integument, this study described the morphology, morphometry and ultrastructure of the skin of eight Pacas (Cuniculus paca) four male and four female, through comparative analysis of the following segments skin regions: cervical, dorsal, medial carpal and footpads. The characteristics of the coat were observed macroscopic. Some of the segments of skin regions were analyzed by light microscopy and the other part by the scanning electron microscopy. Were measured thickness of the dermis, epidermis, stratum corneum, collagen fibers of the reticular dermis and the area of cells of the sebaceous glands filled, except in the footpads, which were analyzed the thickness of the dermis, epidermis and stratum corneum also. We analyzed the results using descriptive statistics and t test (p < 0,001). The color of the paca’s coat is reddish brown and the hair arranged in groups. The epidermis have the basal, spinous, granular and horny stratum, well-defined, the footpads have in addiction the lucid stratum. The dermis is constituted by layers: papillary and reticular, hairs and glands. Aside from the area of the cells of the sebaceous glands filled, the thickness of all the structures evaluated were higher in males when compared with females. The thickness of the dermis, stratum corneum of the epidermis, the collagen fibers of the reticular dermis, and the area of the cells of the sebaceous glands are more crowded in the neck. The medial carpal region showed greater total thickness of the epidermis. For the cushions was found that the thickness of the dermis of the hind footpad was significantly greater than that of the fore... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garciafilho_sp_me_jabo.pdf: 2459422 bytes, checksum: fe267c637159bc2324aed2f89e379fef (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Considerando-se que a paca (Cuniculus paca) é o segundo maior roedor da fauna brasileira, a pesquisa sobre estes animais vem tornando-se importante, pois além de haver grande interesse na sua criação comercial, já que apresentam carne de excelente qualidade, sendo roedores, podem vir a tornar-se animais alternativos para a experimentação, e ainda, como poucas são as informações detalhadas sobre sua morfologia, objetivou-se com este trabalho descrever a morfologia, morfometria e a ultraestrutura de segmentos das porções torácica e abdominal da aorta e segmentos das porções cranial e caudal da veia cava de quatro pacas (Cuniculus paca) machos e fêmeas. Parte dos segmentos foi analisada à microscopia de luz e parte, à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Mensurou-se as espessuras do complexo formado pelas túnicas íntima+média e túnica adventícia da aorta e veia cava e analisou-se os resultados pela estatística descritiva, teste “T” pareado (p<0,05) e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Em relação à espessura das túnicas estudadas, notou-se que, em todos os animais, os valores referentes à espessura do complexo formado pelas túnicas íntima+média da aorta torácica cranial foram significativamente maiores, quando comparados aos valores dos outros segmentos aórticos analisados; na veia cava comprovou-se que os valores da espessura das túnicas íntima, média e adventícia, para todos os animais, foram significativamente maiores no segmento cranial. As camadas das paredes dos vasos apresentaram variações entre si quanto à estrutura e espessura, supostamente devido a uma adaptação à exigência funcional / Considering that the paca (Cuniculus paca) is the second largest rodent of the Brazilian fauna, researches concerning these animals are becoming important because the wide interest on its commercial production since they have excellent meat quality and as rodents they could become alternatives to animal experimentation. As there is few detailed information on their morphology, the aim of this study is describe the morphology, morphometry and ultrastructure of segments of thoracic and abdominal aorta portions and segments of cranial and caudal vena cava portions in four males and females Cuniculus paca. Part of the segments were examined by light microscopy and part by scanning electron microscopy. Thickness measures of the tunica intima and media complex and tunica adventitia of the aorta and vena cava were taken and analyzed using T test (p <0.05) and Tukey test (p <0.05). In all animals the thickness values for the tunica intima and media complex of the cranial thoracic aorta were significantly higher when compared to the values of other aortic segments analyzed; in vena cava the thickness values of the intima, media and adventitia, for all animals, were significantly higher in the cranial segment. The layers of the vessel walls show variations in structure and thickness, presumably due to an adaptation to functional demand

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 porto_ts_me_arafo.pdf: 998293 bytes, checksum: 6183c4e4dea84be0c45e2947766bf407 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a superfície interna de dois sistemas cerâmicos, após diferentes tratamentos de superfície, avaliação essa feita por meio de rugosimetria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram utilizadas as seguintes cerâmicas: IPS Empress II (Ivoclar-Vivadent Alemanha) e InCeram Alumina (Vita Zahnfabrick - Alemanha). Foram confeccionadas 50 amostras em forma de pastilha para cada sistema cerâmico de acordo com as especificações dos fabricantes, armazenadas à temperatura ambiente para então serem submetidas ao tratamento superficial, a saber (n=10): sem tratamento (T0) (controle); Ácido fluorídrico (T1); Ácido fluorídrico associado ao jato de óxido de alumínio (T2); Sistema Cojet (T3); Laser Nd:YAG (T4). Para os resultados de rugosidade, padronizaram-se as medidas em Ra, sendo posteriormente realizada a análise estatística por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<.001). Para ambos os grupos controle (T0) das cerâmicas testadas, as análises evidenciaram os valores de rugosidade mais inferiores; para o Sistema InCeram Alumina, os tratamentos, ácido fluorídrico (T1), Sistem Cojet (T3)e Laser Nd:YAG (T4), não tiveram diferença estatisticamente significante; já para o Sistema IPS Empress II, todos os tratamentos foram estatisticamente diferentes. As fotomicrografias em microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostraram características diferentes para os tratamentos peculiares para cada sistema cerâmico. Baseado nos dados obtidos pode-se concluir que, quanto ao IPS Empress II, o tratamento com ácido fluorídrico é suficiente, assim como o Sistema CoJet é para o InCeram Alumina. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para que se tenham parâmetros ideais para o tratamento a laser. / The present study aimed at evaluating the inner surface of two ceramic systems, after different surface treatments, performed by surface roughness tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IPS Empress II (Ivoclar-Vivadent – Germany) and InCeram Alumina (Vita Zahnfabrick – Germany) were used. Fifty lozenge-shaped samples were made for each ceramic system according to the manufacturers’ specifications, and stored at room temperature prior to surface treatment; namely (n=10): non-treated (T0) (control); hydrofluoric acid (T1); hydrofluoric acid associated to airborne particle abrasion (T2); CoJet System (T3); Laser Nd: YAG (T4). Roughness measurement results were standardized in Ra. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (p<.001) were used to perform the stastistics analysis. For both control groups of the tested ceramics, analyses revealed the lowest roughness values; for the InCeram Alumina System, treatments such as hydrofluoric acid (T1), CoJet System (T3) and Laser Nd:YAG (T4) did not present any statistically significant difference, while for the IPS Empress II System, all treatments were statistically different. Photomicrographs by SEM showed different characteristics for each ceramic system treatment. Based on the resulting data, it can be concluded that the hydrofluoric acid treatment suits the IPS Empress II System, as well as the CoJet System suits the InCeram Alumina System. Further research might be done in order to get ideal parameters for the laser treatment.