Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2009.

Thesis (M.Psych.Org.) - University of Queensland, 2007. / Includes bibliography.

As mulheres apresentam maior qualificação, mas menores salários e oportunidades de crescimento de carreira. Como a área de Recursos Humanos (RH) está envolvida, ou é responsável, por essas decisões, questiona-se qual o papel dos profissionais da área pela justiça desses processos decisórios. Nesse contexto, esta tese pretende contribuir com o entendimento das relações entre as mulheres e as empresas em que trabalham, a partir dos conceitos de Gestão Estratégica de RH e Justiça Organizacional. Seu objetivo principal consistiu em revelar quais os sentidos atribuídos pelos profissionais de RH à sua atuação nas questões de Justiça Organizacional relacionada à gênero. O referencial teórico dessa pesquisa foi construído para situar historicamente a evolução do processo de independência econômica das mulheres na sociedade e compreender o papel da área de RH para que essas organizações possam incluir as mulheres dentro de um ambiente em que as políticas e práticas sejam aplicadas de maneira justa para homens e mulheres. O conceito de gênero utilizado para esse trabalho, alinhado à abordagem construcionista utilizada, foi proposto por Scott (1986, p. 1.067), no qual gênero é um \"elemento constitutivo de relações sociais baseado nas diferenças percebidas entre os sexos, e é uma forma primária de significar as relações de poder\", de tal forma que quando há mudanças sociais, essas relações também se transformam. Também são apresentados conceitos sobre a Gestão Estratégica de Recursos Humanos, a partir de uma perspectiva contingencial (LEPAK; SHAW, 2008) e das diferenças entre práticas de RH que valorizam ou dissolvem as diferenças entre os grupos dominantes e os minoritários (LIFF, 1997). No que se refere à Justiça Organizacional, são explicadas as quatro dimensões que formam o conceito, Justiça Distributiva, Procedimental, Interpessoal e Informacional, suas relações com as práticas de RH e com as diferenças de gênero. Adotou-se para esta pesquisa a proposta de análise de práticas discursivas de Spink (2011) e, por ser um assunto em momento de mudança social, adotou-se também a \"Teoria Social do Discurso\" proposta por Fairclough (2001). Verifica-se que os profissionais de RH descrevem a mulher como qualificada, cuidadosa, sensível e com visão holística para a análise das situações. Também são mães (ou serão), heterossexuais e estão em cargos hierárquicos mais altos. Quando as mulheres não apresentam essas características ou comportamentos esperados, são consideradas mais masculinas. Os profissionais de RH atribuem a si mesmo o papel de desenvolver políticas de RH e de influenciar dos gestores, responsáveis pela tomada as decisões de Seleção, Remuneração e Promoção, e também pela criação de um ambiente de trabalho saudável para as mulheres. Durante as entrevistas, foram apresentadas variáveis que impactam a percepção de Justiça Organizacional dos profissionais de RH e outras, relativas à condição da mulher e de contexto, que levam a diferenças entre homens e mulheres. Em relação às práticas de Gestão da Diversidade que poderiam contribuir para uma maior igualdade entre homens e mulheres no ambiente de trabalho, constatou-se que seria possível combinar práticas vinculadas à corrente de Valorização das Diferenças e de Dissolução das Diferenças. / Women are more qualified , but lower salaries and fewer opportunities to grow. As Human Resources (HR) department is involved or is considered responsible for those decisions, the role of its professionals and their fair decisions are put in question. Regarding that, this thesis will ease the understanding between women and the companies they work for, using HR Strategic Management and Organization Justice concepts. Its main target was to show how HR professionals act using Organizational Justice related to gender issues. Theoretical part of this survey was made for a historical set of women\'s economic independence evolution in society and comprehension of HR department role and how it can put women in a workplace where the rights for men and women are equally fair. The gender issue used here based on constructionist approach was suggested by Scott (1986, p.1067) where \'gender is a constitutive element of social relationships based on perceived differences between the sexes, and gender is a primary way of signifying relationships of power\' and this way may be influenced by social changes. There are also concepts of Strategic Management of Human Resources based on perspective contingency (LEPAK; SHAW, 2008) and the different HR ways of valuing or dissolving the differences between major and minor groups (LIFF, 1997). Referring to Organizational Justice, there are four dimensions that create a concept: Distributive, Procedural, Interpersonal and Informational Justice, its links with HR methods and gender issues. To make this survey it was used the analysis of discursive practices by Spink (2011) and as the topic is under social changes, \'Social Theory of Discourse by Fairclough (2001) as well. It\'s shown that HR professionals describe a woman as qualified, careful, sensible, with a holistic view to analyze the situation. They are (or will be) mothers, heterosexuals and occupy high positions. When women don\'t have these characteristics or expected behavior, they are considered more masculine. HR professionals put themselves in charge of developing HR polices and influencing managers responsible for decision taking of Selection, Compensation and Promotion, providing healthy working environment for women as well. During the interviews it was shown that variables influence HR Organizational Justice Professionals and others perception related to woman condition and the context that lead to the difference between men and women. As for Diversity Management methods that could contribute to equality between women and men in the workplace, it was proven that it\'s possible to blend Valuing Difference methods with Dissolving Difference methods.

The aim of this study was to explore the role of job satisfaction and organizational justice in determining employee motivation among nurses at Frontier Hospital, Queenstown. For this purpose data was collected from the nurses at Frontier Hospital in Queenstown, in the Eastern Cape. A sample of 75 nurses was drawn from the population. Results of the study indicated that the study variables are significantly and positively correlated with one another. Job satisfaction was found to be significantly and positively correlated with employee motivation. Organizational justice was also found to be significantly positively correlated with employee motivation. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational justice was found. The findings of this study are helpful in the health industry in order to design human resources policies, which will reduce the turnover of nurses by increasing their motivation through increasing job satisfaction and organizational justice.

abstract: In the United States, the profession of Law Enforcement is facing a workforce crisis. There are fewer applicants applying for policing jobs than there was just a decade ago. To worsen the problem, many officers are leaving the profession in less than five years. The Arizona State University Police Department is no exception to this problem. Police employees leave the department for a variety of reasons but among them is a conflict with their supervisor in the area of organizational justice. There is a gap in the training of first-line supervisors in policing as a whole as it pertains to organizational justice and how to implement it within their workgroups. Organizational Justice Theory includes the constructs of distributive justice, procedural justice, informational justice, and interpersonal justice. This mixed-methods study tested the assumption that organizational justice training with first-line supervisors at Arizona State University Police Department would have an effect on their self-efficacy and implementation of organizational justice practices and therefore improve relationships with their subordinates. Results of the study showed a single eight-hour class on Organizational Justice had no effect on the self-efficacy or implementation of organizational practices by first-line supervisors within the timeframe of the study. Like the supervisors, there was also no statistically significant effect on the employees and their belief that their supervisors were practicing organizational justice within their workgroups. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Leadership and Innovation 2020

The study of interpersonal relationships continues to be a major focus of theory and research in a wide array of disciplines. The present research examined one of the most prevalent and significant interpersonal relationships in the workplace context—the dyadic relationship between a supervisor and a subordinate. This research examined the relationships between trust, quality of the leader-member exchange relationship (LMX; a measure of the quality of the dyadic relationship), perceived organizational justice, and several employee attitudes and behaviors that are important to individual workers and the organizations in which they work. Data were collected in both laboratory and field settings. The laboratory setting allowed for the manipulation of organizational justice, which permitted inferences regarding the causal effects of organizational justice on the relationships between trust and LMX and the outcome variables examined. The field setting allowed for the testing of the hypothesized relationships in a “real world” environment in which external contextual factors (e.g., industry and organizational differences) were naturally controlled. Two-hundred and twenty-three currently employed undergraduate students participated in the laboratory study. In the field study, data were collected in a Fortune 500 company from 113 subordinates and their supervisors. Results from both studies indicated that perceptions of trust in one's supervisor were strongly related to LMX. Importantly, in the field study, quality of the dyadic relationship was modeled as an emergent property of the perceptions of both subordinates and supervisors. Perceptions of LMX were related to a sense of overall fairness, which was jointly determined by procedural and distributive justice. Perceptions of overall fairness were related to job satisfaction, intention to quit, organizational commitment, in-role job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and organizational retaliatory behaviors. Additionally, results of the laboratory study indicated that established perceptions of trust in one's supervisor and LMX were adversely affected by violations of either procedural or distributive justice. This adverse effect was greatest when both procedural and distributive justice were low. The theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed.

Previous research has examined the process through which employees use the cues present within their work environments to form justice perceptions, suggesting the potential for individual employee characteristics to influence this justice perception formation process. In two studies (an experimental study and a field study where longitudinal data were collected from employees in a new work environment), I investigated whether gender influenced how employees processed non-simultaneously presented justice cues when forming their overall justice perceptions. Drawing on the gender selectivity hypothesis and fairness heuristic/uncertainty management theories, I predicted that the justice cues employees encounter later (rather than earlier) would be processed more deliberately by women as compared to men (i.e., I expected justice cues presented later would more strongly predict the overall justice perceptions of women compared to men, and that women’s justice perceptions would change more over time than men’s). Study 1 experimental results showed no gender x (in)justice cue order effect on justice perceptions. Study 2 field results did not show that women’s justice perceptions varied more than men’s, nor did the first justice perception formed predict later justice perceptions more strongly for men compared to women. These (replicated) null effects suggest follow-up research is needed, which may require a re-examination of how gender and organizational justice have been positioned theoretically in the literature. Additionally, if further replicated, these attentional patterns, which seem gender invariant, hint at the practical importance of considering how justice is cued by organizational authorities, and how justice can be enacted in ways that reinforce the equitable and respectful treatment of employees.

No description available.

Both leader-member exchange (LMX) and organizational justice have commanded a great deal of attention in organizational research. Despite this attention, these two research areas are seldom integrated for examination. This dissertation aimed at helping to integrate these two areas and extend them to a higher level of analysis. Two models were developed at the individual- and group-levels of analysis. In the individual-level model, LMX quality was hypothesized to interact with role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) and two group characteristics — LMX differentiation and intra-group communication — to impact justice perceptions. It was further hypothesized that justice perceptions would mediate the association between LMX quality and various individual outcomes. In the group-level model, it was hypothesized that LMX differentiation would impact justice climate strength in groups which in turn would affect group-level outcomes. Moreover, justice climate strength was hypothesized to impact these group-level outcomes through two group processes — relationship conflict and team-member exchange (TMX). Data collected from 413 members constituting 87 groups in a corps of cadets revealed that LMX quality interacted with RBSE, LMX differentiation, and intra-group communication to affect procedural and interactional justice perceptions. In addition, distributive, procedural, and interactional justice perceptions partially mediated the impact of LMX quality on group members' commitment to the leader, satisfaction with the leader, job performance, and citizenship behaviors to different degrees. When extended to the group-level of analysis, LMX differentiation in groups was found to lower the strength of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice climates in the groups. These weak justice climates promoted more relationship conflict and hindered social exchange among group members. They also dampened group members' commitment to the group, satisfaction with the group, group performance, and citizenship behaviors in the group. Contributions, practical implications, and future directions for research on LMX and organizational justice are discussed. / Ph. D.

No description available.