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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

Infusão contínua em cadelas submetidas à ovário-salpingo-histerectomia com midazolam-xilazina-cetamina ou midazolam-medetomidina-cetamina, pré-tratadas com levomepromazina e buprenorfina

Silva, Fernando do Carmo [UNESP] 16 February 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_fc_me_botfm.pdf: 464982 bytes, checksum: fb68f4ccbfb4784874fcd6f35ea4bef2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se um estudo com infusão contínua de xilazina ou medetomidina associada à cetamina e midazolam, para a constatação do grau de hipnose, miorrelaxamento e qualidade anestésica verificada através do conforto do paciente durante a anestesia, bem como, a verificação das alterações paramétricas, qualidade de recuperação e segurança dos mesmos. Foram utilizadas 20 cadelas, clinicamente sadias, descartando-se as gestantes ou em fase estral. Os animais foram distribuídos de forma aleatória em dois grupos de 10 animais cada (n=10), designados como GI e GII. Os animais de GI foram submetidos a um pré-tratamento com levomepromazina e buprenorfina pela via intravenosa e induzidos à anestesia com cetamina e midazolam em bolus pela mesma via e mantidos por infusão contínua de midazolam-cetamina-xilazina por um período de 30 minutos. Em GII utilizou-se a mesma técnica empregada em GI substituindo-se, porém a xilazina pela medetomidina. A monitoração foi realizada durante todo o período experimental sendo que a colheita dos dados em momentos onde, M0, imediatamente antes do pré-tratamento; M1 decorridos 15 minutos após a administração do pré-tratamento e imediatamente anterior à indução. Em ato contínuo após a indução à anestesia iniciou-se a administração por via intravenosa contínua, sendo realizadas as aferições dos parâmetros em intervalos de 10 minutos referentes à M2 até M4. Conclui-se que, o GII apresentou vantagens clínicas sobre GI por apresentar um menor período de recuperação, menor incidência de efeitos indesejáveis na recuperação anestésica. Ambos os protocolos empregados permitiram a realização do ato cirúrgico (ovário-salpingo-histerectomia) embora ambos os grupos tenham apresentados arritmias dentro de algum momento estudado em GII este ocorreu com menor incidência. / The objective of the present study was to verify the degree of hypnosis, muscle relaxation and quality of anesthesia while using a continuous infusion of xylazine and medetomidine associated with ketamine and midazolam. Those parameters were evaluated by patient well - being throughout anesthesia added to the parametric alterations, recovery quality and security. Twenty bitches were used, being clinically healthy, with exception of all pregnant females and bitches in estrus. The animals were randomly assigned into two groups (G1 and G2), with 10 animals per group. The females in G1 were submitted to pre- treatment with methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine (IV), being induced to anesthesia with ketamine and midazolam in bolus both by intra-venous administration during 30 minutes. The animals from group 2 received the same protocol used for G1 animals, except for the replacement of xylazine by medetomidine. The bitches were monitored during all experimental period at determined moments: M0, immediately before pre-treatment; M1, 15 minutes after pre-treatment administration and immediately before induction. The intra-venous and continuos administration started right after induction of anesthesia, and the parameters were evaluated within 10 minutes interval which corresponded to M 2 and M4. In conclusion, G2 presented advantages, at least considering clinical aspects in relationship to G1 due to a shorter recovery period followed by less side effects incidence during this period. Both protocols allowed surgery to be performed (hysterectomy). Even tough an arrhythmia was observed at determined moment in both groups, G2 had the lowest incidence of this side effect, requiring further studies to clarify such effects.
222

Bloqueio pericoal guiado por ultrassom : ensaio clínico randonizado /

Najman, Ilana Esquenazi. January 2014 (has links)
Orientador: Paulo do Nascimento Junior / Banca: Valéria Nobre Leal de Souza Oliva / Banca: Regina Paolucci El Dib / Banca: Marcos Balbino / Banca: Giovanni Nicola Umberto Italiano Colombini / Resumo: Justificativa e Objetivos: O bloqueio periconal é uma técnica anestésica muito utilizada em cirurgias oftalmológicas. Atualmente, existem poucos relatos na literatura sobre a anestesia oftalmológica guiada por ultrassom (US). No entanto, assim como em outras áreas da anestesia regional, o ultrassom pode contribuir para melhorar a segurança dos bloqueios oftalmológicos, particularmente pela redução da incidência de perfuração ou penetração ocular associada aos bloqueios oftalmológicos que introduzem a agulha às cegas. Com isso, o presente estudo visou avaliar a viabilidade do ultrassom como guia na realização do bloqueio periconal, assim como a identificação do real posicionamento da agulha na cavidade orbitária e a ocorrência de complicações em comparação com a técnica às cegas em pacientes com olhos sem patologias. Métodos: Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, um ensaio clínico prospectivo randomizado foi realizado. Assim, 129 pacientes (ASA I-II) foram alocados de forma aleatória entre os grupos Bloqueio Periconal Guiado por Ultrassom (Grupo USG, n=69) e Bloqueio Periconal Convencional com confirmação posterior do posicionamento da agulha, pelo ultrassom (Grupo C, n=60). Pacientes com olho único e pacientes alto míopes (comprimento axial > 26 mm), com a presença de estafiloma foram excluídos do estudo. Os testes, qui-quadrado ou o teste Exato de Fisher, foram usados para análise das variáveis qualitativas; já o teste t de Student foi usado para análise das variáveis quantitativas. O nível de significância do estudo foi de 5%. Resultados: Houve uma maior incidência de posicionamento da agulha intraconal não intencional (n=12) no Grupo C em relação ao Grupo USG (n=1) (P<0,0001). A distância entre a ponta da agulha e o nervo óptico foi de 12,1±4,4 mm (média±DP) no Grupo USG e 8,2±3,7 mm no Grupo C (P<0,0001). Já, a profundidade de inserção da agulha foi ... / Abstract: Background and Goal of study: Periconal anesthesia has long been the choice technique for ophthalmic surgery. Currently, there is limited published data on ultrasound-guided ophthalmic anesthesia. Nevertheless, as in other areas of regional anesthesia, ultrasonography may contribute to improve the safety of ophthalmic blocks, particularly by reducing globe perforation or penetration incidence associated with the needle-based techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of the ultrasound-guided periconal block in comparison to the blind periconal technique with regard to the feasibility, positioning of the needle and occurrence of complications, in patients with healthy eyes. Methods: Upon the approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee, a prospective clinical study was carried out. One hundred and twenty-nine patients (ASA I-II) undergoing cataract surgery were randomly assigned to have their eyes anesthetized using either the Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Periconal Blockade (USGblock, n=69) or the Conventional Periconal Blockade Technique (Cblock, n=60), followed by ultrasound examination of the eye. Patients with single eye and with high myopia (axial length greater than 26 mm) with the presence of staphyloma were excluded. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for qualitative variables and the Student's t-test for quantitative variables. The significance level was 5%. Results: There was a higher incidence of unintentional intraconal needle placement (n=12) in Cblock than in USGblock (n=1) (P<0.0001). The distance between the needle tip and the optic nerve was 12.1±4.4 mm (mean±SD) in USGblock and 8.2±3.7 mm in Cblock (P<0.0001). Needle insertion depth was 25.1±1.6 mm in USGblock and 26.7±2.4 mm in Cblock (P<0.0001). Needle length displayed in the ultrasound image was 11.7±2.6 mm in USGblock and 14.7±3.5 mm in Cblock (P<0.0001). Only one patient presented with conjunctival edema (chemosis). No further ... / Doutor
223

Desenvolvimento e avaliação farmacologica de formulações de liberação controlada com anestesicos locais amino-amidas ciclicos : bupivacaina, mepivacaina e ropivacaina / Development and pharmacological evaluation of drug-delivery systems for cyclic amino-amide local anesthetics: bupivacaine, mepivacaine and ropivacaine

Araujo, Daniele Ribeiro de 06 October 2005 (has links)
Orientadores: Eneida de Paula, Angelica de Fatima de Assunção Braga / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T00:44:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_DanieleRibeirode_D.pdf: 2753467 bytes, checksum: 296240a6f2747532a1c84600d6c877c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Dentre os fármacos usados para aliviar ou eliminar a dor, encontram-se os anestésicos locais (AL). Esses compostos, capazes de bloquear a excitação-condução em nervos periféricos, têm duração de ação relativamente curta e toxicidade para os sistemas nervoso central e cardiovascular. Com a finalidade de prolongar a duração de ação e reduzir a toxicidade sistêmica dos AL, pesquisas com diferentes tipos de sistemas carreadores têm sido desenvolvidas. Essas novas formulações, denominadas de liberação lenta, possibilitam a liberação controlada e evitam picos plasmáticos dos AL, prolongando a analgesia e reduzindo sua toxicidade. Neste trabalho objetivamos preparar, caracterizar (quanto a encapsulação ou complexação, estabilidade e liberação da droga) e avaliar in vitro (toxicidade celular) e in vivo, a atividade farmacológica (latência, intensidade, duração de ação e toxicidade local) de novas formulações anestésicas de liberação controlada, comparando-as com os fármacos disponíveis no mercado. Os AL de escolha foram as amino-amidas cíclicas: Bupivacaína (BVC), Mepivacaína (MVC) e Ropivacaína (RVC), bastante utilizadas em clínica médica e odontológica. Os sistemas carreadores de drogas adotados foram lipossomas unilamelares grandes (LUV de 400nm, compostos de fosfatidilcolina e colesterol) e as ciclodextrinas: ß-CD ou hidroxipropil ß-CD (HPß-CD). Ensaios de estabilidade física, por fluorescência, revelaram que os lipossomas mantêm o conteúdo encapsulado e que a presença do AL não interfere na permeabilidade dos mesmos, analisada em função do tempo e temperatura. O coeficiente de partição foi calculado e indicou o perfil esperado pelas substituições, i.e., MVC<RVC<BVC (93,132 e 136, respectivamente). Testes de estabilidade química não indicaram mudanças nos índices de peroxidação lipídica em até 4 meses de estocagem (a 4ºC) após encapsulação dos AL. Porém, análises por espalhamento de luz mostraram aumento no tamanho das vesículas após 30 dias de preparação, inviabilizando o uso das mesmas por períodos maiores. A complexação com CDs foi evidenciada através de calorimetria diferencial de varredura, que detectou alterações na temperatura de fusão dos AL puros, bem como perda do pico endotérmico referente à desidratação da cavidade da ciclodextrina, nos sistemas de BVC e RVC complexadas com ß-CD e HPß-CD. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura confirmaram que há perda da estrutura cristalina dos AL e CDs puros, após a complexação. Experimentos de solubilidade de fases revelaram aumento linear na solubilidade da BVC e RVC em função da concentração de CDs, além de permitir o cálculo da constante de associação entre AL:ß-CD (8,9 e 7,9 M-1) e AL:HPß-CD (14,7 e 10,0 M-1) para BVC e RVC, respectivamente. Através de ensaios in vitro (diálise) observou-se diminuição nas taxas de liberação de BVC e RVC complexadas e de RVC encapsulada em lipossomas, em relação aos AL livres, indicando que a interação com esses carreadores alterou a permeação dos AL através de membranas. Os ensaios de toxicidade, em cultura de fibroblastos e em eritrócitos humanos, revelaram diminuição na toxicidade dos AL após complexação com CDs (BVC e RVC) ou encapsulação em lipossomas (MVC e RVC). Nos ensaios in vivo observou-se que, após o bloqueio do nervo infraorbital em ratos, as formulações lipossomais (MVCLUV e RVCLUV) prolongaram a duração e aumentaram a intensidade da analgesia em relação aos AL livres ou associados a vasoconstritores (no caso da MVC), sugerindo as formulações de AL encapsulados em lipossomas como alternativa ao uso de vasoconstritores em procedimentos cirúrgicos prolongados e manutenção da analgesia pós-operatória, especialmente em Odontologia. Com relação à avaliação do bloqueio motor, a injeção dos AL livres, encapsulados ou complexados alterou, de maneira dose-dependente, a função motora dos animais após bloqueios caudal (injeção intratecal) e do nervo ciático (infiltração) havendo a perda reversível dos reflexos motores em todos os animais testados. Nenhuma das formulações de AL testadas, tanto com ß-CD, HPß-CD ou LUV, prolongou ou intensificou a potência do bloqueio motor induzida por BVC e RVC. No entanto, nos sistemas BVCHPß-CD e RVCHPß-CD observou-se redução significante na latência ou tempo para instalação do bloqueio, indicando um início de ação mais rápido, sem modificar a duração do bloqueio motor, o que é bastante desejável. Já a avaliação do bloqueio sensorial do nervo ciático de camundongos, demonstrou que os sistemas BVCHPß-CD, RVCHPß-CD e RVCLUV e induziram aumento na intensidade e duração da analgesia em relação aos AL livres ou complexados com ß-CD, tornando-os de grande interesse para uso no período pós-operatório. A injeção intratecal de BVCHPß-CD 0,5% também aumentou o limiar de nocicepção dos animais em relação à BVCß-CD e BVC livre, mostrando aumento na potência e duração da analgesia. Esse resultado, em particular, nos permite sugerir que o aumento da potência anestésica (ca 1,5 vezes), obtido com as formulações deve-se, além de ao aumento na concentração total de AL (em água e associado ao carreador) disponibilizada pelas formulações, à menor ligação dos anestésicos com proteínas do líquor e/ou sua menor captação pela circulação; mantendo o AL por mais tempo em contato com a membrana neuronal. Em avaliação neurohistológica encontramos sinais de neurotoxicidade em alguns dos animais tratados com o complexo BVCHPß-CD (a 0.5%de BVC) que não foram observados após injeção de HPß-CD ou BVC, isoladamente. A potencialização do efeito tóxico da BVC pela complexação com HPß-CD deve-se à maior disponibilidade do AL em contato com a membrana neuronal, sugerindo que o uso do complexo em concentrações menores (como 0,25%), reduziria o efeito neurotóxico sem modificar a potência anestésica. Além disto, a análise nefrohistológica não detectou quaisquer indícios de alterações morfofuncionais após o tratamento dos animais com HPß-CD, BVC ou BVCHPß-CD após administração intratecal, confirmando a potencialidade do uso clínico desta formulação anestésica / Abstract: Local anesthetics (LA) are among the different classes of pharmacological compounds used to attenuate or to eliminate pain. These drugs, which are able to reversibly block the excitation/transmission of the nerve impulse in axons have a relatively short action and a significant toxicity to the Central Nervous and Cardiovascular systems. In order to prolong the time of action and to reduce the systemic toxicity of LA, many investigations have been carried out with LA in drug-delivery systems. These novel formulations, called long-acting local anesthetics, allow the controlled release - avoiding high plasmatic concentrations to be reached ¿ in such a way that they prolong analgesia as well as they reduce LA¿s intrinsic toxicity. Our aim was to prepare, to characterize (the encapsulation, stability and drug-release) and to evaluate - both in vitro (cellular toxicity) and in vivo (latency, intensity and duration of anesthesia as well as local toxicity) the pharmacological activity of new drug-delivery systems for LA, in comparison to the commercially available anesthetics. We have chosen the cyclic amino-amide anesthetics Bupivacaine (BVC), Mepivacaine (MVC) and Ropivacaine (RVC), since they are largely used in medicine and dentistry. The drug-carrier systems used were large unilamellar liposomes (400 nm LUV, composed by phosphathidylcholine and cholesterol) and cyclodextrins: ß-CD and hydroxypropyl (HPß-CD). Stability tests showed that liposomes were able to keep their content and that LA incorporation did not change their permeability at different times and temperatures. Partition coefficients were measured and indicated the profile expected from the substitution degree, i.e. MVC < RVC < BVC (P values = 93, 132 and 136, respectively). Chemical stability was evaluated through oxidative tests and no changes in the lipid oxidation levels were observed up to 4 months after preparation and storage at 4ºC, with and without LA. Nevertheless, light-scattering measurements revealed an increase in the vesicles size after 30 days, restraining the use of the liposome formulations for a longer time. LA complexation with CDs was evidenced by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, which runs detected changes in the fusion temperature of the pure LA, as well as loss of the characteristic endothermic peak of dehydration of the cyclodextrin¿s (ß-CD and HPß-CD) cavity following complexation with BVC and RVC. Electron microscopy images revealed that LA:CD complexation leads to disappearance of the typical crystal structures of pure LA and CD, what was not noticed with juxtaposition (or physical mixture) of the compounds. Kinetic studies showed that complexation equilibrium is reached in a few hours, while phase-solubility tests detected an enhance in the water solubility of BVC and RVC in the presence of increasing CD concentrations, also allowing calculation of the association constants between LA:ß-CD (8.9 and 7.9 M-1) and LA:HPß-CD (14.7 and 10.0 M-1) for BVC and RVC, respectively. In vitro dialysis equilibrium tests disclosed a decrease in the release of BVC and RVC after complexation with HPß-CD or ß-CD as well as for liposomal RVC, when compared to free LA molecules, in a clear demonstration that the interaction with the carriers changed LA permeation through the membranes. Toxicity tests in vitro, including fibroblast cells culture and human erythrocyte hemolysis, have registered a decrease in the LA toxicity after complexation with both CDs (BVC and RVC) or encapsulation in liposomes (MVC and RVC). In vivo tests have shown, using the infraorbital nerve blockade test in rats, that liposomal formulations (MVCLUV and RVCLUV) prolonged the action and enhanced the intensity of the analgesia effect of free LA, as well as of vasoconstrictor associated-LA preparations (for MVC), suggesting that liposomal LA formulations could possible replace vasoconstrictors use in long-lasting surgical procedures or at the post-operatory period, specially for dentistry purposes. Motor blockade tests revealed that all the samples used: free, CD-complexed or liposome-encapsulated LA changed in a dose-dependent manner the motor function of the animals after caudal (intrathecal) or sciatic (infiltrative) injection, leading to the reversible loss of motor answer in all animals studied. None of the LA formulations tested (with ß-CD, HPß-CD or LUV), were able to prolong or to intensify the motor blockade induced by BVC and RVC. However, both BVCHPß-CD and RVCHPß-CD systems significantly reduced the latency for the motor blockade, indicating a fast onset of action, without changing the overall motor blockade, what is highly desirable for a LA. Evaluation of the sensorial blockade in the sciatic nerve of mice demonstrated that BVCHPß-CD and RVCHPß-CD, as well as RVCLUV formulation increased the intensity and duration of the analgesia effect, when compared to free or ß-CD-complexed LA, revealing that those systems can be of great interest at the post-operatory period. Intrathecal injection of 0.5% BVCHPß-CD enhanced the animals¿ nonciceptive limiar in relation to BVCß-CD and free BVC, revealing an increase in the analgesia potency and duration of action. This result allowed us to suggest that the enhance in the nonciceptive effect (ca 1.5 times) observed with the new LA formulations can be attributed, not only to the increase in total LA concentration available to the nerve fibers, but also to the lower protein-binding of the LA molecules, as well as to their lower clearance; altogether, these mechanisms keep the LA for a longer time in contact with the neuronal membrane. Morphological analysis of nervous¿ system cells disclosed neurotoxic signals in part of the animals treated with 0.5% BVCHPß-CD that were not observed if HPß-CD or BVC, alone, were used. The rise in the BVC toxic effect observed after complexation with HPß-CD can be explained by the enhanced availability of the LA molecules in contact with the neuronal membrane, what lead us to suggest that employment of the complex, at lower BVC dosages (0.25% for instance) could reduce the neurotoxic effect without changing the anesthetic potency. Besides, nephro-histological images did not detect any sign of morpho-functional alterations after intrathecal treatment of the animals with HPß-CD, BVC or BVCHPß-CD substantiating the potentiality of the clinical use of that LA formulation / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
224

Analgesia de parto : bloqueio combinado raqui-peridural versus bloquei peridural continuo em primigestas / Labor analgesia : combined spinal-epidural block versus continuous epidural block in primiparous women

Souza, Marcio Antonio de 08 July 2009 (has links)
Orientador: João Luiz de Carvalho Pinto e Silva / Dissertação ( mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T00:12:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_MarcioAntoniode_M.pdf: 3939458 bytes, checksum: 733ab0fcfb7cb39919a862964593b2fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O trabalho de parto produz desconforto e dor intensa à maioria das parturientes. O método de eleição que seria ideal para produzir analgesia deveria reduzir ao máximo os inconvenientes e a dor provocados pelo trabalho de parto, permitindo que a mãe participasse ativamente e com prazer da experiência de dar à luz. A analgesia combinada raqui-peridural (ACRP) apresentaria, como vantagens, a possibilidade de instalação precoce, rápido início de ação analgésica, uso de baixas doses de anestésicos locais, associando-se a trabalhos de partos mais curtos, menor bloqueio motor e ofereceria maior satisfação à parturiente. A analgesia peridural contínua (APC) utilizaria doses maiores de anestésicos locais, produzindo maior bloqueio motor, mas deveria ser realizada em fases mais adiantadas do período de dilatação. O potencial atrativo da ACRP seria o de incorporar as vantagens da administração intratecal de fármacos de ação analgésica rápida, com a manutenção de acesso através de um cateter peridural, disponível continuamente para complementação com novas doses ou adição de outras drogas, minimizando as desvantagens apresentadas por ambas as técnicas. O estudo compara os desfechos maternos e perinatais com a utilização da ACRP e APC em parturientes primigestas. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS Foi realizado um ensaio clínico aleatorizado com 128 gestantes primigestas em trabalho de parto, divididas em dois grupos de igual tamanho (grupo APC e grupo ACRP) admitidas no pré-parto de duas maternidades na cidade de Jundiaí - SP, sendo estudadas as seguintes variáveis: tempo de latência de instalação da analgesia, intensidade da dor ao longo da analgesia, tempo total decorrido até a completa dilatação do colo uterino, Índice de Apgar de primeiro e quinto minutos, tempo de resolução do parto, grau de bloqueio motor, efeitos adversos como náuseas, vômitos, prurido, hipotensão arterial e o grau de satisfação materna. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: A análise dos dados foi feita através do teste de Mann-Whitney para as variáveis contínuas não paramétricas. Utilizou-se também teste exato de Fisher e teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para variáveis categóricas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação à velocidade de dilatação cervical, tempo para resolução do parto, parâmetros hemodinâmicos maternos, vitalidade do recémnascido, complementações analgésicas durante o trabalho de parto e parto. Ocorreu maior rapidez de instalação da analgesia no grupo da ACRP. Com relação ao bloqueio motor também se observou diferença estatística significativa entre os dois grupos, sendo menor no grupo de APC. CONCLUSÕES: As duas técnicas mostraram-se seguras e eficientes, porém a ACRP ofereceu uma analgesia mais rápida, com alívio mais precoce da dor. O bloqueio motor menos intenso no grupo APC proporcionou movimentação mais ativa no leito e uma colaboração mais efetiva das gestantes durante o período expulsivo. A grande maioria das mulheres (97,6%) referiu satisfação com a analgesia recebida. As doses de anestésicos locais e opióides utilizadas em ambas as técnicas analgésicas propostas não produziram efeitos adversos maternos significativos e tampouco alteraram a vitalidade dos recém-nascidos dos dois grupos. Ambas as técnicas não mostraram qualquer predomínio de efeitos adversos / Abstract: PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVES: The childbirth arouses distress and intense pain to most of the parturients. The ideal method of producing analgesia must reduce the labor's pain and inconveniences to the utmost level, allowing the mother to participate on the delivery experience in an active and pleasant manner. The Combined Spinal-Epidural (CSE) analgesia offers the advantages of an early insertion, fast onset of analgesia, small dose of local anesthetic and reduced degree of motor block, being thus associated to short-time labors and yielding greater satisfaction to the puerpera. Otherwise, the Continuous Epidural Analgesia (CEA) would require larger doses of local anesthetics and a larger motor block as well, but it would be applied only in advanced stages of dilatation. The CSE analgesia has an attractive prospect, since it incorporates the advantages of the intrathecal administration of rapid onset pharmaceuticals, preserving this access through an epidural catheter that is uninterruptedly available for the insertion of other drugs and, at the same time, reducing the disadvantages that these both anesthesia techniques present. This study compares the combined spinal-epidural analgesia with the continuous epidural analgesia in primiparous parturients, through maternal and perinatal outcomes. APPROACH AND METHOD: 128 primiparous parturients in labor were recruited for the study. They were separated into two equal groups (CEA group and CSE group) when they applied to two of the maternity hospitals in Jundiaí city, during the pre-labor stage. A random clinical rehearsal was accomplished and the following variables were analyzed: latency time for the analgesia onset, pain intensity after its onset, total time elapsed until the complete cervical dilation, Apgar Index at the 1st and 5th minutes, time for delivery conclusion, degree of motor block, level of sensitive block, adverse effects (such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus and arterial hypotension) and degree of motherly approval. Data Analysis: The analysis was performed through the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test for continuous variables. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were also employed. RESULTS: Concerning the compared variables on the speed of cervical dilation, time for delivery conclusion, maternal hemodynamic parameters, newborn's healthiness, complementary analgesia during labor and labor, there were no significant statistic differences between the two groups studied. However, the CSE group had a faster analgesia insertion. In relation to the motor block, a significant statistic difference was detected between the two groups, revealing a reduced motor block in the group that received the CEA. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques were proved as safe and efficient, though the CSE analgesia offered a faster analgesia and sooner pain relief. Due to a less intense motor block, the parturients from the CEA group were able to accomplish an active movement and effective collaboration during the expulsion stage. The major part of the women (95,4%) expressed satisfaction with the analgesia that was applied. The doses of local anesthetics and opioids, contained in both analgesia techniques, did not cause considerable adverse effects on the mothers and did not either affect the newborns in any of the two groups / Mestrado / Tocoginecologia / Mestre em Tocoginecologia
225

Determinants of Hospital Administrators' Choice of Anesthesia Practice Model

Massie, Maribeth L. 01 January 2017 (has links)
Hospital administrators are being held accountable by patients, insurers, and other stakeholders in evaluating their overall hospital performance to reduce costs and improve efficiency. With the move to alternative payment models and value-based purchasing, hospital administrators must understand the economic viability and value that their specialty services bring to their facility. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants New England acute care hospital administrators’ utilize in making the choice of anesthesia practice model for their facility. A quantitative, exploratory study of factors hospital administrators use when choosing an anesthesia practice model utilizing a non-experimental, correlational research design was completed. The research was descriptive in nature to determine the factors that influenced a hospital administrator when making decisions about the type of anesthesia practice model that would be the best for their hospital. This research examined seventeen independent variables that were hypothesized to determine hospital administrators’ choice of anesthesia practice model. After the final logistic regression analysis, it was determined that the presence of a hospital being located in a medically underserved area (MUA) alone was a predictor of type of anesthesia practice model utilized. In light of the study limitations and prior literature on the CRNA-only model being present in almost 100% of rural facilities, more exploration is necessary to come to more robust conclusions on predictors of choice of anesthesia practice model determined by hospital administrators. This study showed that there are definitive areas that hospital administrators identify as high importance to the healthy functioning of their facility. By addressing these needs, an anesthesia department could contribute to the overall stability of the hospital, while at the same time, making themselves a more valuable asset overall. Value-driven services offered by anesthesia departments may be the determining factor in choice of anesthesia practice model. By measuring and analyzing anesthesia provider and hospital demographics and hospital administrators’ perceptions of anesthesia services, the objective data collected may assist in defining the most appropriate practice model for a hospital.
226

Standardized Handoffs for Anesthesia Students

Barkalow, Shawn January 2023 (has links)
No description available.
227

The use of cell demodulated electronic targeted anesthesia to control dental operative pain in pediatric patients

Toppi, Gary R. (Gary Robert), 1966- January 1999 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The pain-controlling effects of a recently introduced electronic dental anesthesia device (CEDETA) were compared with those of local anesthesia in this study. Procedures performed involved full-coverage stainless steel crowns on maxillary primary molars, some of which required indirect pulp therapy and pulpotomies. A total of 55 children, aged 6 years to 10 1/2 years, were randomly selected to have treatment done with CEDETA or local anesthetic. Eight of these patients were treated with both CEDETA and local anesthetic at different appointments. At various times during each procedure, the patient and operator rated the patient's level of discomfort using a 6-point Visual Analog Scale. For each of the five evaluation steps, no significant differences existed in discomfort ratings between the CEDETA and local anesthetic methods for the group of eight patients or for the entire group. Operator ratings of patient discomfort did not vary significantly between the two methods of anesthesia for each of the evaluation steps, except at the step of maximum output or after injection, when the CEDETA group as a whole had significantly lower operator-rated pain. In general, patients tended to rate their perceptions of pain higher than those of the operator. Although the operator and patients in this study found CEDETA to be as effective as local anesthetic for controlling dental operative pain, a number of factors must be considered when deciding to use this type of electronic dental anesthesia. A substantial monetary investment is required to purchase the CEDETA device and the disposable electrodes and batteries to power the unit. There is an increased operating expense for each procedure done when using CEDETA, because of the additional time needed for the operator, staff, and patients to become familiar with the use of the device. Additional setup and break-down time is also needed when using CEDETA as opposed to local anesthetic.
228

Nitrous oxide/oxygen effect on dental injection pain and mandibular pulpal anesthesia

Kushnir, Ben January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
229

General Anesthesia Clinical Practice Guidelines for Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Closson, Bradley January 2024 (has links)
No description available.
230

A prospective, randomized, single-blind study of intrasulcular mucosal anesthesia as an adjunct for anesthetizing the palatal mucosa of the maxillary first molar.

Charnas, Joseph Craig January 2021 (has links)
No description available.

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