Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T13:48:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T20:07:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 187276.pdf: 4579834 bytes, checksum: 24448ad3e4a4afee62e4618876dd159e (MD5)

published_or_final_version / Speech and Hearing Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy

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Submitted by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2012-05-04T11:31:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000020250.pdf: 31050304 bytes, checksum: d9ac0521c80a85723afb0dd2770e6a73 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-04T11:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000020250.pdf: 31050304 bytes, checksum: d9ac0521c80a85723afb0dd2770e6a73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1981 / The widespread ,image of disorganization that has been atributed to the Brazilian society has inspired the empirical, investigation of the incidence of psychosocial dimensions, associated to that characteristic, on a, group of persons beginning to our social community. In order to reach this aim cultural' behaviors have been identified so that they could be distinguished from those generated by the 'world values crisis. / A ampla 'e difundida imagem de desorganização, atribuída à sociedade brasileira, inspirou a investigação empírica da incidência de dimensões psicossociais associadas àquela característica, num grupo' de pessoas da nossa comunidade social. Para tanto, identificaram-se comportamentos especificamente culturais, com o propósito de distingui-los daqueles gerados pela crise mundial de valores.

Sociólogo / La teoría de la desorganización social busca explicar cómo atributos sociales de las comunidades median en la asociación entre características ecológicas o estructurales de un barrio y sus niveles de violencia y delito. En el marco de esta teoría se propone el concepto de eficacia colectiva, la capacidad de una comunidad de movilizar sus recursos sociales para ejercer control social informal sobre sus espacios y personas del barrio y en esta medida disminuir los niveles de criminalidad a nivel barrial. El modelo de eficacia colectiva no ha mostrado ser replicable en Latinoamérica, donde estudios en Brasil y Chile muestran que la disminución de la criminalidad en barrios vulnerables no está asociada a la existencia de eficacia colectiva, y que las acciones de prevención a nivel local podrían tener otras variables comunitarias como sustrato (Villarreal & Silva, 2006; Manzano, 2014). Esta reflexión funda esta investigación que analizó, en el marco de la teoría de la desorganización social, qué características sociales organizacionales de una comunidad inciden en la presencia de control social informal en la misma. Este problema se abordó utilizando una base de datos cuantitativos levantados en marzo del 2015 en 870 hogares de nivel socio económico C3 y D en el Gran Santiago. Los resultados de un conjunto de análisis de regresión lineal multinivel, indican que tanto eficacia colectiva como características de la vida asociativa del barrio (interacción, colaboración, asociatividad), tienen un efecto sobre los niveles de percepción de control social informal. No obstante no se comprueba la mediación de estos atributos entre variables estructurales y la capacidad de los vecinos de tomar acciones regulatorias sobre el barrio

Many individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia respond favorably to language therapy. However, treatment outcomes are highly variable and the neural mechanisms that support recovery, and perhaps explain this variability, remain elusive. Neuroimaging studies involving patients with aphasia have implicated a number of cortical regions in both hemispheres in post-treatment language processing, which suggests that network approaches may reveal important insights into the neural bases of language recovery. This dissertation investigated how functional activation, functional connectivity, and graph theoretical measures of network topology relate to treatment-induced changes in language functions. In the first study, we used an fMRI picture-naming task to examine functional activation in 26 patients with aphasia before and after 12 weeks of naming treatment. Changes in activation were associated with treatment outcomes, such that activation increased in patients who responded best to treatment (i.e., responders) but remained largely unchanged in patients who responded less favorably (i.e., nonresponders). In the second study, we analyzed functional connectivity and graph properties of an expanded picture naming network. Relative to healthy controls, patients had reduced functional connectivity, particularly within the left hemisphere and between regions in the left and right hemisphere. As in study 1, we found differential patterns of connectivity depending on treatment outcomes, such that connectivity normalized (i.e., became more like that of healthy controls) in responders but remained abnormally low in nonresponders. Similar results were obtained via the graph analysis. Finally, in the third study, we aimed to determine if pre-treatment global and local properties reflecting integration and segregation in a task-based semantic processing network predicted patients’ response to treatment. Network strength and global efficiency were significant predictors of improvement. Additionally, responders and nonresponders showed significant differences in nodal properties in a subset of bilaterally distributed regions in the frontal and parietal lobes. The results of these studies indicate that there are critical regional and network-level differences between patients who respond well to treatment and those who respond poorly, and that some of these differences can be identified before treatment is initiated. These results provide a foundation for further investigation of network-related biomarkers for recovery and updated models of recovery that account for pre-existing differences in network topology. / 2021-12-31T00:00:00Z

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Many persons with aphasia (PWA), who have trouble communicating after a stroke, have difficulty naming objects, frequently producing speech errors. Picture (confrontation) naming tasks are commonly used to assess the presence and/or severity of naming difficulties, but these tests do not adequately capture the underlying cause of impairment. This project addresses the limitations of the standard picture naming paradigm by incorporating the measurement of eye movements, thereby providing a precise estimate of participants’ visual attention during the task. While prior studies have measured eye movements to distractor pictures when a spoken word is presented, to our knowledge no eye tracking studies have examined picture naming with written distractors in aphasia. Using a novel approach, we measured PWA’s and healthy controls’ eye movements as they selected the correct written word corresponding to the picture over other related words (semantically and sound-based distractors). The results of this project seek to: (1) indicate the feasibility of a novel eye tracking paradigm to study both intact and impaired lexical retrieval; (2) provide detailed information about the nature and time course of impaired naming; and (3) yield insight into the relative preservation of semantic and phonological representations in aphasia.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade, Departamento de Economia, 2014. / Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-13T20:40:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JulioNevesdeCarvalho.pdf: 572846 bytes, checksum: 6e13848be9748e867356a4cba0246d19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2014-11-12T15:19:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JulioNevesdeCarvalho.pdf: 572846 bytes, checksum: 6e13848be9748e867356a4cba0246d19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-12T15:19:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JulioNevesdeCarvalho.pdf: 572846 bytes, checksum: 6e13848be9748e867356a4cba0246d19 (MD5) / Este trabalho tem como finalidade estabelecer a relação dos suicídios coletivos em diferentes estruturas culturais e seus efeitos no ambiente sócio econômico dessas comunidades. Na primeira parte, descrevemos a questão do suicídio em algumas de suas amplas variáveis sociais, elencando estudos realizados por teóricos, no sentido de compreender as causas desse fenômeno. Neste trabalho, também, buscamos fundamentar nossas conclusões em textos e estudos apresentados por acadêmicos e economistas, disponíveis para pesquisa em livros, além de reportagens amplamente divulgadas nas mídias e redes de comunicação. O conteúdo sobre os suicídios dos índios Guaranys Kaiowás, que foi disponibilizado pelo Conselho Indigenista da CNBB, apresentou o maior número de informações analíticas individualizadas a respeito de cada um dos suicidas dessa comunidade localizada no Mato Grosso do Sul. Não obstante o universo significativo de autores de estudos filosóficos sobre o suicídio, a Tese de Doutorado de Emile Durkheim ainda permanece como referência fundamental a qualquer estudioso do tema, sendo citado de forma recorrente nos textos e estudos elencados neste trabalho. Na sequência, citamos os recentes fenômenos de suicídios coletivos cometidos por comunidades heterogêneas em diferentes países, onde identificamos profunda semelhança na essencial motivação do ato. No primeiro grupo, os índios Guaranys Kayowás do Mato Grosso do Sul e os Tikunas da Amazônia; no segundo grupo, os jovens operários da FoxConn, empresa Taiwanesa, fabricante de equipamentos eletrônicos a serviço da Estadunidense Apple; por último, os agricultores, indianos, que foram obrigados a alterar a forma de cultivo de seu produto. Quando avaliamos a ocorrência do ato praticado individualmente, percebemos a influência de questões econômicas em um nível compartilhado. Ou seja, outros fatores se somam, provocando reações e, por vezes, mascarando a causa essencial da atitude do suicida. Quando buscamos, ao longo dos tempos, relatos de suicídios praticados em um contexto coletivo, identificamos um conjunto de circunstâncias muito mais correlacionadas com questões de cunho econômico, entendendo que isso se dá em grupos sociais onde a variável econômica é sinônimo de seus costumes e cultura. 6 Os índios Guaranys Kayowás e Tikunas, no Brasil, os operários da FoxCom, na China e os plantadores de algodão na Índia identificam e fortalecem a conclusão de que a estrutura social, por mais dessemelhante que pareça, está fortemente vinculada aos mesmos valores socioeconômicos, essenciais e atávicos. Portanto, para alguns de seus membros, o suicídio se justifica quando as tradições se rompem de forma súbita e sob o comando ou interferência imperativa de elementos exógenos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This work aims to establish the relation ship of collective suicides in different cultural structures, and their effects on the socio-economic environment of these communities. In the first part we describe the issue of suicide in some of its larger social variables, listing studies developed by theorists, in order to understand the causes of this phenomenon. In this work, additionally, we seek to support our conclusions in texts and studies presented by academics and economists, available for research in books, as well as reports widely disseminated in the media and communication networks. The specific content about the suicides of the Guaranys Kaiowas indian tribe in Mato Grosso do Sul was released by CNBB Indigenous Council, where it was identified a higher individualized content, with analytical information about each one of the suicidals of the community. Notwithstanding the significant universe of authors of philosophical studies about suicide, the Doctoral Thesis of Emile Durkheim still remains as fundamental to any student of the subject, allowing it to be recurrently mentioned in the texts and studies listed in this paper. Next, we cite the recent phenomena of collective suicides committed by heterogeneous communities in different countries, where it was identified profound similarity in the underlying motivation of the act. In the first group, the Indians Guaranys Kayowás from Mato Grosso do Sul and the Tikunas from the Amazon. In the second group, the young workers of the Taiwanese company FoxConn, an electronics manufacturer serving the american Apple. And lastly, the growers farmers from India, who were forced to change the way they cultivated their products. When we evaluate the occurrence of the act practiced individually, we realize the influence of economic factors in a shared level. That is, other factors add up, causing reactions and sometimes masking the essential cause of the suicidal's attitude. When we seek, over time, reports of suicides in a collective context, we identify a set of circumstances more correlated with issues of economic nature, understanding that this occurs in social groups where the economic variable is synonymous with their customs and culture. The Indians Guaranys Kayowás and Tikunas in Brazil, the workers of FoxConn in China and the growers farmers in India identify and strengthen the conclusion that the social structure, however dissimilar it may seem, is strongly linked to the same socio-economic values, essential and atavistic. So, for some of its members, suicide is justified when traditions 8 are suddenly broken and under the command or imperative interference of exogenous elements.

El Perú como uno de los principales productores de coca a nivel nacional es lo que motivó que este artículo se concentre en analizar las políticas nacionales contra el narcotráfico. Desde la Sociología del Desarrollo, se analiza los programas de Desarrollo Sostenible que intentan apalear este problema a nivel nacional. En el texto, partiendo de una contextualización tanto  internacional como nacional de los programas, se pone en evidencia los alcances y limitaciones sobre las que se ejecutan los programas. El artículo es una invitación a analizar más allá de lo evidente las políticas publicas que promueven el desarrollo del país.