This dissertation combines affect, race, history and colonial studies to examine the process of Christian othering of Jews in Europe since the Protestant Reformation, with a focus on the narrative of honor that was used to depict European Jews as lacking it. While the ways Jews were portrayed and constructed have changed as Europe redefined itself through the subsequent centuries, following the Protestant Reformation, this dissertation points out that the essence of Christian perception and depiction of Jews as dishonorable remained unchanged. This study traces how this depiction emerges in French Christian and anti-Semitic representations through a reading of French religious and non-religious texts that have come to gradually produce French Jews, first as a people and then as an ethnic collectivity that does not belong among other nations, all within a narrative of honor. The claim that Jews lack honor came to be internalized subsequently by Zionist Jewish writers and leaders and was spread in Zionist Jewish literature. In providing a history of the constructed social, political, religious and cultural phenomenon of the dishonorable Jew, this dissertation intervenes in the discussions surrounding subjectivity in Zionist thought and how it internalized and adopted the notion of the dishonorable Jew by safeguarding and appropriating Christian and secular Zionist and anti-Semitic sentiments of contempt, disdain, shame and superiority over Diaspora Jews.

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The diploma thesis deals with the evolution of race theory and its relation to Jews in the Czech lands during the period of the second republic. Apart from mapping the evolution of race theory in the Czech lands in said period coherently, the thesis also focuses on the premises of the second-republic policy and its accompanying government regulations. The aim of the thesis is to show the characteristics of Czech antisemitism and especially the connection between political and race theory which appeared at the political sphere of the second republic. The thesis points out the fact that not everyone acted upon antisemitism, even though it was quite widespread.

The historical study of Swedish antisemitism in the first decades of the twentieth century, initially became a focal point in the 1990s. Since then, research has, for example, been done on the organized political antisemitism and on antisemitic attitudes that prevailed unreflected in the public discourse. 1937 the Swedish parliament passed a bill that mandated mandatory stunning before slaughter, which in turn outlawed the Jewish slaughter method shechita. If and how, the debate was informed or based upon antisemitic believes has been disputed in previous research. The purpose of this essay is therefore, to investigate how the debate preceding the law of mandatory stunning can be understood. The essays theoretical approach is based on Kenneth L. Marcus further development of Helein Feins definition of antisemitism and on Artur Sandauers notion of allosemitism. The philosopher Slavoj Žižek’s theoretical edifice of the Real, is used as an overarching metatheory in the essay. The essay’s findings are that the different opinions on the issue cannot be placed according to ideological- or party lines. Biased opinions were put forth in the debate that pointed out the jews as strange and inferior vis-à-vis the Swedes, which I understand as allosemitic. Shechita inhabited a central role in the debate and was put under more scrutiny than the other questioned slaughter methods. Based upon Lars M. Andersson I suggest that the distinguishing of shechita from “Swedish” slaughter methods was an integral part in the creation of the modern national identity. The obliged stunning before slaughter became part of the Swedish animal friendliness, which in turn was seen as evidence of Sweden’s high-ranking cultural level. A relationship that still today is represented, in the nationalistic discourse.

Detta arbete är en kunskapsöversikt som har sin utgångspunkt i skolans arbete med främlingsfientlighet. Kunskapen som har sammanställts kan användas på alla skolnivåer. Detta arbete har som syfte att undersöka hur lärare i skolan kan synliggöra främlingsfientliga uttryck men även undersöka vad forskning säger om hur man som lärare kan arbeta med och motverka främlingsfientlighet med hjälp av religionsämnets didaktik. Arbetet har främst i fokus att undersöka hur afrofobi, antisemitism, antiromanism och islamofobi synliggörs i skolan. Frågeställningarna är “hur kan lärare synliggöra främlingsfientliga uttryck?” och “hur kan lärare i religionskunskapsämnet arbeta med främlingsfientlighet ur ett religionsdidaktiskt perspektiv?” För att besvara frågeställningen har vi som metod valt att använda oss av Libsearch, EBCO, SWEPUB och tidigare kursmaterial. Under sökningsprocessen drogs slutsatsen att forskningsmaterial kring afrofobi, antiromanism var väldigt begränsad och nästan obefintlig. Även forskning kring främlingsfientlighet i typ av islamofobi och antisemitism är begränsad i Sverige. Vilket resulterade i att arbetet har sin utgångspunkt i en del internationella källor. Däremot kan dessa källor appliceras i den svenska skolan, då det handlar om ett arbete mot främlingsfientlighet, dock har vi även tagit utgångspunkt i vad som står på Skolverket när det kommer till religionskunskap. Kunskapsöversikten resulterade i att man först måste definiera de olika diskrimineringar och göra det tydligt vem som är främlingsfientlig och uttrycker sig främlingsfientligt. Arbetet mot främlingsfientlighet är ett långsiktigt mål och handlar om ständig hantering av värdegrund från skolans sida, samt aktiviteter som stärker gemenskapen.

While the majority of German Protestant churches were silent in response to the persecution of the Jews in Nazi Germany, the Deutsche Christen or German Christian movement enthusiastically supported the Nazi regime’s goals and was actively involved in efforts to extract “Jewish” elements from Protestantism in an effort to create a “pure” German religion. Many scholars view the radical form of Protestantism expressed by this group as a by-product of Nazism. However, I argue that ideas promoting the de-Judaization of Protestantism were already existent within Protestant theology and that Hitler’s rise to power merely provided the opportunity for these ideas to come to fruition. I examine this topic by analyzing nationalistic and anti-Jewish ideas in German Protestant theological texts during the early twentieth century, focusing on how these ideas informed the later de-Judaization of certain churches between 1932 and 1945 under the German Christian movement, which included actions like eliminating the Old Testament from the Protestant Bible and refusing to recognize Jewish conversion to Christianity. I approach this topic by situating my analysis of several key Protestant theological texts within broader scholarly discussions about the position of the churches towards the Jews in Weimar and Nazi Germany. / Graduate

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur antisemitism, samt preventivt arbete mot detta, yttrar sig i några av Malmös högstadie- och gymnasieskolor, med hjälp av frågeställningarna; Kommer antisemitism till uttryck i Malmös skolor, och i så fall, vilka former tar sig denna antisemitism, och motarbetas den aktivt i skola och stad? Vi har vidare valt att använda oss av kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer för att söka svar på våra frågor. För att få en ny infallsvinkel har vi använt oss av ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv på problemformuleringen, något som tydliggjordes i vårt resultat, genom att påvisa hur elevers uppfattade sanningar kring Israel/Palestina konflikten upprätthålls i deras hemmiljö.

no / Research into the contours of hate crime has gone through several ebbs and flows over the last twenty years. At times, acts of horrific brutality have brought the issue of hate violence into the public imagination; sometimes leading to legislative changes, education programs and the funding of community organisations to manage the harms caused by this unique form of violence. The Stephen Lawrence murder in the UK in April 1993, and the Matthew Shepherd murder in the USA in October 1998 both led to major policing and legislative changes, including the introduction of penalty-enhancement measures, which were thought to more adequately ameliorate the additional harms generated from targeted violence, and to create the conditions for good citizenship in diverse societies. However, this legislative and policing transformation of hate crime regulation is not universal, even in Western democratic states. The Australian Federal government has not responded in comparable ways; preferring instead to abrogate much of its responsibilities under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and International Convention on Civil and Political Rights to state governments¿particularly, in relation to gay men and lesbians¿ social citizenship rights. In relation to hate violence, contemporary Australian research has begun to address the inconsistent application of law, public policy and policing practice. However, the issue of `hate speech¿ has remained largely uninterrogated. Equally, research has tended to focus on the unique characteristics of specific forms of hate violence, rather than assess the conditions of exclusion shared by disparate groups. This book remedies both of these deficiencies by providing a critical analysis of the role of hate speech in hate violence, and offering a comparative investigation of antisemitic and heterosexist violence.

Issued also as Inaug. Diss.- Cologne. / Includes bibliographical references.

Issued also as Inaug. Diss.- Cologne. / Includes bibliographical references.