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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hybrid functional calculations of a Te antisite in bulk CdTe

Árdal, Kristinn Björgvin January 2013 (has links)
The detection of gamma-rays is an important issue in a cast array ofindustries. CdTe is a semiconductor used for gamma-ray detectors whichcan operate at high temperatures. Density functional theory calculationsof the electronic structure within the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional underestimate the bandgap of CdTe: the calculatedbandgap within PBE is less than half the experimental value. The useof a hybrid functional approach to exchange and correlation describes thebandgap correctly. The goal of this project was to nd out if PBE calcu-lations give an adequate description of defects in CdTe by comparing it tohybrid functional calculations. We show that PBE is adequate in describ-ing Te antisite defects in CdTe if a correction to the bandgap is applied.The defect level for both PBE and hybrid functional was calculated to be0.24 eV above the valance band.
2

Development of x-ray spectroscopy coupling with resonant scattering -toward applications of practical materials- / 共鳴散乱を組み合わせたX線分光法の開発 -実用材料への応用に向けて-

Kawaguchi, Tomoya 23 March 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18981号 / 工博第4023号 / 新制||工||1619(附属図書館) / 31932 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 松原 英一郎, 教授 邑瀬 邦明, 教授 宇田 哲也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM
3

Estudo das propriedades estruturais, eletrônicas e ópticas do tetraborato de magnésio (MgB4O7) e do defeito antissítio em compostos Bi12MO20 (M=Ge,Si,Ti) utilizando cálculos de primeiros princípios

Oliveira, Tarsila Marília de 17 February 2017 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work represents a theoretical study, based on density functional theory (DFT), on structural, electronic and optical properties of magnesium tetraborate (MBO, MgB 4 O 7 ) compound and of antisite Bi M O 4 defect in Bi 12 MO 20 (BMO, M=Ge, Si, Ti) compounds. All calculations have been realized by linear augmented plane wave (LAPW) method implemented in Wien2k computer code. The relaxation of atomic positions and lattice parameters has been performed using LDA (MBO) and PBE-GGA (BMO) exchange- correlation (XC) functional. Electronic structure, optical properties and chemical bonds were investigated using the semi-local XC potential of Tran and Blaha (TB-mBJ), which significantly improved the band gap description and optical properties of studied systems. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first refers to study of magnesium tetraborate in pure form. Electronic structure calculations predicted a 9.58 eV band gap value, quite close to the value determined in the similar compounds. The electronic structure around the band gap is found to be dominated by the O 2p-states and 2p-states of the boron ion with trigonal coordination with neighbouring O‘s. Optical properties were analysed in terms of complex dielectric tensor which imaginary part is directly proportional to the optical absorption spectra. The latter is found to exhibit two prominent peaks. The lower energy peak originates from electron transitions within the trigonal B−O 3 structural group. Refractive index, reflectivity, extinction coefficient and energy loss were analysed in ultraviolet range (up to 40 eV) and all calculated optical properties are found to be anisotropic. The second part presents a theoretical study upon the antisite defect Bi M O 4 in sillenites compounds, which consists of wrong occupation of the M site by the Bi ion. Calculations were performed firstly for the pure compounds. The crystal structure has been computatio- nally optimized and the band gaps found to be 3.39 eV, 3.35 eV and 3.37 eV for the BGO, BSO and BTO respectively. These values are in very good agreement with experimental data. Defects were investigated in q=-1,0,1 charge states. Electronic structure calculations demonstrated that the antisite defect introduces an energy band inside the gap formed by O 2p- and 6s- states of Bi M ion. This band occupation is directly related to the defect charge state. The neutral defect presents a semi populated band, the positively defect adonor band and the negatively defect an acceptor band. The Bader analysis confirmed that the electron added or removed from the host system is always localised in the area of the defect. The analysis of the defect formation energies demonstrated that the neutral defect is energetically favourable, and thus dominates the lowest thermal state of the sillenites (also called colour state). On the other hand, the charged defects are predominant in the so-called transparent thermal state of the sillenites. From the results, it was possible to associate the presence of the antisite defect with important properties observed in the BMO crystals, such as: (1) explanation of the charge mobility required to produce the photorefractive effect; (2) reversible transitions between the thermal states and (3) photocromic effect in sillenites. / Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo te´orico, baseado na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT), das propriedades estruturais, eletrˆonicas e ´opticas do tetraborato de magn´esio (MgB 4 O 7 ) e um estudo do defeito tipo antiss´ıtio Bi M O 4 em cristais do estruturas silenitas Bi 12 MO 20 (BMO, onde M=Ge, Si e Ti). As otimiza¸c˜oes das posi¸c˜oes atˆomicas e parˆametros de rede foram realizadas para todos os sistemas utilizando o funcional LDA e GGA-PBE para o MgB 4 O 7 e BMO’s, respecti- vamente. As estruturas eletrˆonicas e propriedades ´opticas do sistemas estudados foram calculadas utilizando o m´etodo LAPW implementado no c´odigo computacional WIEN2k. Os efeitos de correla¸c˜ao e troca, das estruturas eletrˆonicas e ´opticas, foram simulados pelo recentemente desenvolvido potencial TB-mBJ, que foi mostrado ser adequado para tratamento de sistemas que possuem gap. Essa tese foi dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte refere-se ao estudo do tetraborato de magn´esio puro. Os c´alculos da estrutura eletrˆonica resultaram em um valor do gap de 9,58 eV, bem pr´oximo ao esperado (comparando a compostos similares). O topo da banda de valˆencia ´e dominado por estados 2p dos oxigˆenios, enquanto o fundo da banda de condu¸c˜ao consiste predominantemente de estados 2p do boro de coordena¸c˜ao trigonal com os oxigˆenios vizinhos (BO 3 ). As caracter´ısticas propriedades ´opticas foram calculadas a partir do tensor diel´etrico complexo, cuja parte imagin´aria ´e diretamente proporcional ao espectro de absor¸c˜ao ´optica verificou-se que a borda de absor¸c˜ao ´optica ´e originada por poss´ıveis transi¸c˜oes eletrˆonicas entre os ´ıons que formam a estrutura trigonal BO 3 . O espectro de absor¸c˜ao tamb´em indicou um car´ater anisotr´opico para o composto. O ´ındice de refra¸c˜ao, coeficiente de extin¸c˜ao, refletividade e a perda de energia de el´etrons foram calculados na regi˜ao ultravioleta at´e 40 eV. A segunda parte refere-se ao estudo do defeito tipo antiss´ıtio em silenitas. Os cristais foram estudados nas formas puras e com a presen¸ca de um ´atomo de Bi ocupando o s´ıtio do ´atomo M (Bi M O 4 ). Os defeitos foram investigados nos estados de carga q=−1, 0, +1. Os band gaps dos BMO’s puros foram determinados com os valores de 3,39 eV para BGO, 3,35 eV para BSO e 3,37 eV para o BTO. Atrav´es das an´alises das densidades de estados eletrˆonicos foi confirmado que o defeito antiss´ıtio introduz uma banda de energia situada dentro do intervalo de energias proibidas,bandgap, formada por estados 2p dos oxigˆenios e 6s do defeito Bi M . A popula¸c˜ao eletrˆonica dessa banda est´a diretamente relacionada ao estado de carga. O defeito neutro (Bi 0 M ) introduz uma banda semi populada, o defeito carregado negativamente (Bi −1 M ) uma banda doadora e o defeito carregado positivamente (Bi +1 M ) uma banda aceitadora. A an´alise das liga¸c˜oes qu´ımicas confirmou que a adi¸c˜ao (ou retirada) de um el´etron do sistema sempre ocorre na banda associada ao defeito. A an´alise da energia de forma¸c˜ao de defeito constatou que o defeito neutro ´e o energeticamente favor´avel, dominando assim o estado de menor energia (tamb´em chamado de estado colorido). A partir dos resultados, tamb´em foi poss´ıvel associar a presen¸ca do defeito antiss´ıtio como geradora de importantes propriedades observadas nos cristais BMO’s, tais como: a mobilidade de carga que ocasiona o efeito fotorrefrativo; a compreens˜ao das transi¸c˜oes revers´ıveis entre estados t´ermicos e o efeito fotocrˆomico.

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