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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Intervention vid afasi : En samtalsanalytisk studie / Aphasia Intervention : A Conversation Analytic Study

Granberg, Elsa, Karlsson, Marie January 2010 (has links)
<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka interaktion vid logopedisk intervention för personer med afasi. Interaktionen utspelade sig i en institutionell kontext där undersökningen syftade till att påvisa om interaktionen skiljer sig åt beroende på interventionens form. Bakom studien finns antagandet att afasi påverkar förmågan att kommunicera. Språkliga svårigheter, såsom ordmobiliseringsproblem samt språkförståelseproblem, kan leda till pragmatiska svårigheter, och intervention syftar ofta till att öka förmågan att använda språket i olika vardagliga aktiviteter. Metoden för analysen i studien är inspirerad av Conversation Analysis (CA) då det är en metod för att systematiskt analysera interaktion. Sex interventionssamtal mellan logopeder och personer med afasi spelades in och analyserades med hjälp av CA. Fem logopeder och sex patienter med afasi medverkade i studien. Analysen resulterade i identifikation av fyra, för syftet, relevanta fenomen: riktning i samtalet, gemensamt mål, avslut av samtalsämne samt avdramatiserande uttryck. Efter analysen kunde följande tendenser konstateras: Logopeden tar ansvaret för samtalet, men det framkom en antydan till att patienten tar mer initiativ att påverka riktningen i samtalet vid friare delar, såsom icke-uppgiftsinriktade delar av interventionen. Oftast satte logopeden målet i samtalet och tog därmed ansvar för att ett gemensamt mål skapades. I interventionssamtalen var det logopeden som oftast stod för ämnesbyten och avslut. Det framkom i analysen att patienten oftare avslutade samtalsämnet i icke-uppgiftsinriktade än i uppgiftsinriktade delar av interventionen. Avdramatiserande uttryck i samtalet användes ofta för att undvika att hota patientens ansikte, oavsett vem som avdramatiserade situationen.</p>
72

Intervention vid afasi : En samtalsanalytisk studie / Aphasia Intervention : A Conversation Analytic Study

Granberg, Elsa, Karlsson, Marie January 2010 (has links)
Syftet med studien var att undersöka interaktion vid logopedisk intervention för personer med afasi. Interaktionen utspelade sig i en institutionell kontext där undersökningen syftade till att påvisa om interaktionen skiljer sig åt beroende på interventionens form. Bakom studien finns antagandet att afasi påverkar förmågan att kommunicera. Språkliga svårigheter, såsom ordmobiliseringsproblem samt språkförståelseproblem, kan leda till pragmatiska svårigheter, och intervention syftar ofta till att öka förmågan att använda språket i olika vardagliga aktiviteter. Metoden för analysen i studien är inspirerad av Conversation Analysis (CA) då det är en metod för att systematiskt analysera interaktion. Sex interventionssamtal mellan logopeder och personer med afasi spelades in och analyserades med hjälp av CA. Fem logopeder och sex patienter med afasi medverkade i studien. Analysen resulterade i identifikation av fyra, för syftet, relevanta fenomen: riktning i samtalet, gemensamt mål, avslut av samtalsämne samt avdramatiserande uttryck. Efter analysen kunde följande tendenser konstateras: Logopeden tar ansvaret för samtalet, men det framkom en antydan till att patienten tar mer initiativ att påverka riktningen i samtalet vid friare delar, såsom icke-uppgiftsinriktade delar av interventionen. Oftast satte logopeden målet i samtalet och tog därmed ansvar för att ett gemensamt mål skapades. I interventionssamtalen var det logopeden som oftast stod för ämnesbyten och avslut. Det framkom i analysen att patienten oftare avslutade samtalsämnet i icke-uppgiftsinriktade än i uppgiftsinriktade delar av interventionen. Avdramatiserande uttryck i samtalet användes ofta för att undvika att hota patientens ansikte, oavsett vem som avdramatiserade situationen.
73

Interaktion och intervention : En undersökning av kommunikativa behov hos personer med afasi och dysartri i vardagliga och kliniska samtal / Interaction and Intervention : A Study of Communicative Needs of People with Aphasia and Dysarhtria in Everyday and Clinical Conversations

Weström, Sarah, Örneholm, Isabelle January 2012 (has links)
In speech and language intervention, the ability to interact is seldom evaluated; rather intervention is evaluated in terms of improved testresults.  If goal-setting in intervention also is based on everyday communicative needs, the relevance of the treatment may be increased and intervention outcome may be implemented in the patient’s natural environment. The present study, as part of a research-project, is based on analyses of interaction and interviews to examine everyday conversations and speech and language intervention. The aim was to explore if there is a relation between everyday communication needs and goal-setting in speech and language intervention for people with aphasia. A further aim was to investigate if there are everyday communicative needs that may form goals for speech and language intervention. Two individuals with aphasia and one individual with both dysarhtria and aphasia participated in the study. Three speech and language pathologists and two relatives also participated in the study. Everyday interaction and intervention sessions were recorded and transcribed according to Conversation Analysis principles and analysed from an interactional perspective. Interviews regarding intervention and everyday communication were carried out with all participants. Recordings were presented and discussed with all participants, in so called retrospections. Four phenomena that illustrate communication needs of the participating patients were identified: repair, alternative and augmentative communication, co-construction and feedback. Analysis, interviews and retrospections have revealed that communication needs can form the basis of goal-setting in speech and language intervention. It is also demonstrated that intervention mainly is based on the everyday communication needs of the patient. Retrospections were also shown to be useful in order to observe communication needs in everyday life and in order to evaluate speech and language intervention. The retrospections were found to be beneficial to an open dialogue between speech and language pathologist, patient and relatives regarding the content and aim of the intervention.
74

A entoação no processo de (re)organização da linguagem : um estudo de caso em afasia

Chirlene Santos da Cunha Moura 10 February 2012 (has links)
O tema para pesquisa volta-se para a entoação observada na organização do discurso do portador de afasia, entendida como uma alteração no sistema linguístico proveniente de lesão cerebral que, dentre outros comprometimentos, faz com que o afásico sinta bastante dificuldade em transmitir emoção e significado pela fala, causando afastamento social. Com o objetivo de identificar recursos prosódicos no processo de (re)organização da linguagem por meio da identificação de pistas entoacionais na produção oral do sujeito afásico e de estratégias de organização entoacional através de pistas presentes na escrita deste sujeito a partir da Teoria Interacional da Entoação, de Brazil (1985), o estudo tem como foco favorecer a oralidade do sujeito afásico pela exploração de pistas entoacionais através do uso de diferentes gêneros textuais relacionados à prática diária do afásico. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo com um sujeito afásico, do sexo masculino, com dificuldades expressivas na escrita e na oralidade. Foram selecionados dez gêneros com características predominantes da oralidade e dez com características predominantes da escrita. Todas as atividades propostas com os gêneros da modalidade oral foram realizadas pelo sujeito, enquanto apenas sete atividades da modalidade escrita foram aceitas e executadas satisfatoriamente. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de trabalho conjunto entre aspectos verbais, não verbais e multimodais na construção discursiva. As pistas entoacionais, tanto na oralidade quanto na escrita, serviram como facilitadoras do processo de organização da linguagem do sujeito afásico. A ênfase dada pela proeminência, sobretudo, pelo destaque à sílaba pré-tonica desempenhou forte componente constitutivo de sentido para a interação. Mesmo a hesitação, comum ao discurso do afásico, considerada uma estratégia para organização do pensamento, é marcada por pista entoacional relacionada à organização sintática. Logo, conclui-se que no processo de (re)organização da linguagem, a entoação desempenha um papel muito importante na construção de sentido na interação e facilita a compreensão do enunciado / The theme for research has been observed for the intonation in the organization of the speech in patients with aphasia, understood as a change in the linguistic system from brain damage, among other commitments, which makes the aphasic feel it very difficult to convey emotion and meaning by speech, causing social withdrawal. In order to identify prosodic features in the process of (re)organization of language by identifying intonation clues of speech in the oral production by the aphasic subject and the organization of intonation strategies through clues presented in the writing of that subject from the Interactional Theory of Intonation of Brazil (1985), the study focuses on promoting the speech of the aphasic subject by exploring intonation clues through the use of different text genres related to the daily practice of aphasic. For this reason, a study was conducted with an aphasic subject, male, with significant difficulties in writing and speaking skills. We selected ten species with predominant features of speech and ten with predominant features of writing. All the proposed activities on the mode of oral genres were performed by the subject, while only seven activities of the written form were accepted and performed satisfactorily. The results indicated the need of working together both the aspects of verbal and nonverbal multimodal and discursive construction. The intonation clues, both in the oral and in the writing, served as facilitators of the process of organizing language by the aphasic subject. The emphasis of the prominence, especially the emphasis on pretonic syllable, played strong constitutive meaning in interaction. Even the hesitation, which is common in the speech of the aphasic, is considered a strategy for organization of thought, and it is marked by intonation clue related to syntactic organization. Thus, we conclude that in the process of (re)organization of language, intonation plays an important role in the construction of meaning in the interaction and facilitates understanding the statement
75

A entoação no processo de (re)organização da linguagem : um estudo de caso em afasia

Moura, Chirlene Santos da Cunha 10 February 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_chirlene.pdf: 1604978 bytes, checksum: d238dc58dd5a4e4d4b01825d6886f7d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / The theme for research has been observed for the intonation in the organization of the speech in patients with aphasia, understood as a change in the linguistic system from brain damage, among other commitments, which makes the aphasic feel it very difficult to convey emotion and meaning by speech, causing social withdrawal. In order to identify prosodic features in the process of (re)organization of language by identifying intonation clues of speech in the oral production by the aphasic subject and the organization of intonation strategies through clues presented in the writing of that subject from the Interactional Theory of Intonation of Brazil (1985), the study focuses on promoting the speech of the aphasic subject by exploring intonation clues through the use of different text genres related to the daily practice of aphasic. For this reason, a study was conducted with an aphasic subject, male, with significant difficulties in writing and speaking skills. We selected ten species with predominant features of speech and ten with predominant features of writing. All the proposed activities on the mode of oral genres were performed by the subject, while only seven activities of the written form were accepted and performed satisfactorily. The results indicated the need of working together both the aspects of verbal and nonverbal multimodal and discursive construction. The intonation clues, both in the oral and in the writing, served as facilitators of the process of organizing language by the aphasic subject. The emphasis of the prominence, especially the emphasis on pretonic syllable, played strong constitutive meaning in interaction. Even the hesitation, which is common in the speech of the aphasic, is considered a strategy for organization of thought, and it is marked by intonation clue related to syntactic organization. Thus, we conclude that in the process of (re)organization of language, intonation plays an important role in the construction of meaning in the interaction and facilitates understanding the statement / O tema para pesquisa volta-se para a entoação observada na organização do discurso do portador de afasia, entendida como uma alteração no sistema linguístico proveniente de lesão cerebral que, dentre outros comprometimentos, faz com que o afásico sinta bastante dificuldade em transmitir emoção e significado pela fala, causando afastamento social. Com o objetivo de identificar recursos prosódicos no processo de (re)organização da linguagem por meio da identificação de pistas entoacionais na produção oral do sujeito afásico e de estratégias de organização entoacional através de pistas presentes na escrita deste sujeito a partir da Teoria Interacional da Entoação, de Brazil (1985), o estudo tem como foco favorecer a oralidade do sujeito afásico pela exploração de pistas entoacionais através do uso de diferentes gêneros textuais relacionados à prática diária do afásico. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo com um sujeito afásico, do sexo masculino, com dificuldades expressivas na escrita e na oralidade. Foram selecionados dez gêneros com características predominantes da oralidade e dez com características predominantes da escrita. Todas as atividades propostas com os gêneros da modalidade oral foram realizadas pelo sujeito, enquanto apenas sete atividades da modalidade escrita foram aceitas e executadas satisfatoriamente. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de trabalho conjunto entre aspectos verbais, não verbais e multimodais na construção discursiva. As pistas entoacionais, tanto na oralidade quanto na escrita, serviram como facilitadoras do processo de organização da linguagem do sujeito afásico. A ênfase dada pela proeminência, sobretudo, pelo destaque à sílaba pré-tonica desempenhou forte componente constitutivo de sentido para a interação. Mesmo a hesitação, comum ao discurso do afásico, considerada uma estratégia para organização do pensamento, é marcada por pista entoacional relacionada à organização sintática. Logo, conclui-se que no processo de (re)organização da linguagem, a entoação desempenha um papel muito importante na construção de sentido na interação e facilita a compreensão do enunciado

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