The manner by which courts view performance appraisals in relation to the outcome of case is certainly a topic worthy of discussion. Utilizing the framework used within the work of Werner and Bolino (1997), the following study was able to accomplish two main goals: (1) update the information of Werner and Bolino (1997) by evaluating modern cases, and (2) to evaluate new data regarding age discrimination utilizing the same framework as Werner and Bolino (1997). Utilizing chi-square analysis to test all of the hypotheses, it was demonstrated that there was statistical significance in performance appraisals with the presence of a job analysis regarding court outcome. Other variables such as appraisal basis (trait, behavioral, MBO), triangulation, and appraisal frequency did not have any statistical significance. Out of the six new hypotheses tested, all showed statistical significance except for one. These hypotheses showcased the immense differences in how different forms of discrimination are viewed by the court even with respect to the performance appraisal. This was especially true with age discrimination in comparison to every other form of discrimination. In conclusion the following study accomplished its two main goals by displaying consistency with Werner and Bolino’s work and successfully evaluating new variables to support the hypotheses that involve differences between different forms of discrimination and the outcome of the court case.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / When faced with a failing or failed root treatment, the dentist must decide whether the tooth can be retreated and saved or extracted. The dentist's decision to retreat is often based on the x-ray presenting a failing root treatment. The dentist must be aware that there might be a number of factors that have contributed to the failure and which may preclude, following retreatment, a successful long term clinical function. The current study has been made to determine those factors that may influence the prognosis in order to assist the clinician in advising the patient of the best course of treatment. A literature review was made to determine and identify these factors and explain their relevance and influence on the healing process. The current study included identifying the factors described in the literature review and noting their influence on the prognosis following non-surgical retreatment. Retreatment of failed root treated teeth requires special knowledge and skill from the clinician in order to correct and manage the case. The current study was made in a clinical setting and compared results of retreatment with two types of rotary files on the market: progressive or variable taper (Pro Taper) with constant non-ISO 06 taper (K3). Clinical signs and symptoms were noted at the patient's presentation and following recalls at 1, 4 months and 1 year. The results were recorded and statistically analysed and the results were discussed. The results showed that out of 81 patients 10cases of retreatment were considered to have failed and 68 cases were considered to have been successful. Three patients did not return for their assessments and were therefore not considered in further results. There was a statistically significant (p<0.1 0) recording of deep periodontal pockets associated with teeth with failing root treatments (40%) and (13%) in the "Success" group. The two estimated proportions of "Sinus" present (60%) in the "Failure" group and 10% in the 'Success' group were significantly different (p<0.01). "Sinus present" in the "Success group" means in the initial clinical assessment before retreatment was initiated. The presence of a sinus at the One Year follow up signified a failure of the root retreatment (p<0.001). The two estimated proportions of "Occlusion" present (80% and 99%) in the "Failure" and "Success" group were significantly different (p<0.05). Therefore, teeth in "occlusion" were more within the "Success" group. 70% of those teeth that failed had pretreatment apical rarefactions of greater than 6mm diameter; whereas 76.5% of successful retreatments had areas less than 6mm diameter. The differences were significant according to Fisher's Exact Test (p<0.01). 44% of failed cases had areas of rarefaction described as "diffuse"; and 56% of failed cases had areas that were described as "well-defined". 95% of cases that were successful had areas described as "diffuse" and the rest were "welldefined". The differences between the success and failure categories were statistically significant (p<0.0 1). The two estimated proportions of "Post present" (0% and 31%) in the "Failure" and "Success" groups were significantly different (p<0.1 0). Therefore, the "Post was present" in many more cases within the "Success" group than in the "Failure" group. There was no difference between the Median "Crown/Root" ratios of the "Failure" (Median = 0.595) or "Success" groups (Median = 0.662) (Wilcoxon Test, p>O.10). Teeth with longer roots tend to lead to failure, however there was a considerable overlap between the distributions. Therefore the finding is that the Median length of the roots of the "Failures" is longer than that of the "Successes". (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, p-value = 0.0628). The results also indicated that previous short root filling preparation contributes to the final success of retreatment (Fisher Exact Test, p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the distribution of the "Failure" and "Success" (88.2%) groups (Fisher Exact Test, p<O.OI) in those cases with initial short obturated fillings. When comparing the outcome following the use of the two types of rotary files it was found that the "Successes" with K3 File (35 out of 41) was 85%; and with Protaper File (32 out of 36) 89%. The "Success" rate certainly was not different between the two file types. The conclusions drawn from the current study was not significantly different from those in the literature review and the overall results were of a similar nature with some minor changes. However it is clear that non-surgical root retreatment offers a good prognosis and should be included as an option for failed or failing root treatment.

Some employees perceive that supervisors do not accurately reflect employees' performance or effectively differentiate among employees' performances during performance appraisals (PAs). Other employees believe the performance feedback they receive is not valuable for supporting their career development (CD). Employing leader-member exchange (LMX) theory and the distributive and interactional justice dimensions of organizational justice theory as the theoretical framework, this correlational study examined the relationships among LMX and employee-supervisor relationships (ESRs) and the relationships' influence on employees' CD through the mediating effect of employees' perceived efficacy of the PA process. Participants consisted of 44 defense contractor employees in the United States who completed a combination of 4 validated survey instruments (LMX-7, Interactional Justice, Appraisal System Satisfaction, Perceived Career Opportunity) and 1 demographic instrument. Results from the structural equation model, using partial least squares analysis, indicated significant (p < .001) positive relationships between the independent variables of LMX and ESR, the dependent mediating variable PA, and the dependent variable CD. The results indicated that a positive relationship between LMX and ESR will influence employees' CD through the mediating effect of employees' PAs. The implications for positive social change include the potential to improve communications between employees and supervisors, increase organizational performance by increasing employees' job satisfaction, potential benefiting career development for improving employees' families' quality of life, and contributions to the communities.

No description available.

Purpose: To 1) critically appraise available randomized controlled trials (RTCs) addressing the efficacy of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids as a secondary prevention agent of hypertriglyceridemia, and 2) make recommendations for clinical practice. Data Sources: All RCTs identified from several databases from 1993-2003 were reviewed by two independent reviewers who extracted data from each study and used the previously tested Boyack and Lookinland Methodological Quality Index (MQI) to determine study quality. Results: Ten studies reported long-chain ω-3 fatty acids to be effective in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. The average decrease in triglycerides (TG) was 29%, total cholesterol (TC) 11.6%, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) 30.2%, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 32.5%. One study found LDLs to increase by 25%. The average increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was 10%. The overall average MQI score was 36% (26%-54%). Many of the RCTs had serious shortcomings including short duration, lack of a power analysis, no intention to treat analysis, no report of blind assessment of outcome, and lack of dietary control as a confounding variable. Conclusions/Implications: Overall study methodology was weak. Although the evidence supporting the use of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in the secondary prevention of hypertriglyceridemia is reasonably strong, until there are larger RCTs of stronger methodological quality, it is not recommended to treat hypertriglyceridemia with ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in lieu of lipid lowering medications.

An analysis of existing showrooms showed that absence of atmosphere makes it hard for clients to imagine effects in a context, and that lack of guidance by the light makes the experience of the showroom overwhelming or static. Also, clients often prioritize luminaires' design over light effect, even in architectural lighting where design should be negligible. This thesis investigates whether it is possible by prioritizing light effect, to optimize the showroom experience and to direct clients' focus on the light, while minimizing the influence of design on the impression and eventually choice of luminaire. In order to achieve these goals, three main concepts are suggested – guiding light, contrasting atmospheres and sequence of presenting light effects first and luminaires afterwards. These enable good communication about light which is essential for clients to focus on the atmosphere created by the light, rather than price and design. Experiments were conducted in the basement of a Croatian company's office, where the exhibits were not the luminaires, but their light. Visitors' priorities before and after going through the installation changed significantly, which might mean that the light effect made an impact and influenced examinees to base their choice of luminaire more on light effect, than design. It is concluded that the used concepts contributed to putting more focus on the light itself. Instead of focusing solely on light experience or product, a balance between the two was achieved by prioritizing and showing the light effect first, and only afterwards joining it with the product, thus offering visitors a more complete experience of the luminaire.

This thesis investigates the potential consequences resulting from the migration process of the medical journal system, Auricula Ordination, to an alternative platform, with a particular focus on the risk of information loss and the long-term accessibility of the migrated data. The study examines how the migration to systems with potentially different data structures poses challenges in preserving the integrity of information. By adopting the perspective of accessibility and using the Records Continuum Model's fourth dimension of pluralisation, this study sheds light on the complexities associated with maintaining the accessibility of information within the new system. Even after the new system is archived. By conducting case studies using the appraisal investigations conducted by the Swedish regions, examples to support the findings were found. This analysis highlights the need to address the information management challenges arising from the migration process and emphasizes the significance of preserving the integrity and accessibility of data in the context of medical journal systems. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential information loss and challenges associated with the migration process of medical journal systems. By drawing insights from the Records Continuum Model, it enhances our understanding of the complexities involved in ensuring long-term accessibility of migrated data. These findings have implications for information management practices in regional archives, calling for more comprehensive approaches to preserve and facilitate access to valuable medical knowledge. / Denna uppsats ämnar till att undersöka de risker som uppstår vid migration av information från en informationsinnehavare till en annan. För att undersöka dessa risker har ett flertal fallstudier gjorts utifrån gallringsutredningen av journalsystemet Auricula Ordination, vilket användes inom hälso- och sjukvården i flertalet av Sveriges regioner. För att avgränsa undersökningen gjordes valet att enbart undersöka de regioner som samarbetar inom R7e-arkiv. Förutom att belysa de risker som finns ämnar likväl denna uppsats att skifta fokus i arkivforskningen i Sverige bort ifrån de större statliga arkiven till att belysa de mindre arkiven i landets regioner.  Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att genom ett flertal fallstudier undersöka konsekvenserna av migrationer av informationssystem och hur detta påverkar den framtida möjligheten för tillgängliggörande. Likväl hur ägandeskapet av informationen kan påverka dess integritet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten har gjorts utifrån Records Continuum Models fjärde dimension pluralisation. I kombination med en hermeneutiskteori ämnas att skapa en mer utförlig bild av regionernas utgångspunkt i sina utredningar av Auricula och hur perspektivet av tillgängliggörande har framkommit. Undersökningen resulterade i att migrationer av information från ett system till ett annat har en negativ inverkan på framtida möjligheter av tillgängliggörande. Vilket grundas i framförallt riskerna av informationsförluster under själva migrationen. Där förlusten av relevanta metadata är i störst risk att gå förlorad. Vilket i förlängningen kan skada informationens integritet och dess kontext kan gå förlorad.

[pt] Esta pesquisa, de caráter discursivo, analisa como as decisões sobre prisão domiciliar para mulheres, mães de crianças menores de 12 anos e/ou gestantes, são construídas discursivamente por juízes e desembargadores. Parte-se das leis e normas nacionais constantes no Artigo 318 do Código de Processo Penal brasileiro, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, o Habeas Corpus 143.641/SP com decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal e também as Regras de Bangkok - Regras das Nações Unidas para o Tratamento de Mulheres Presas e Medidas Não Privativas de Liberdade para Mulheres Infratoras – das quais o Brasil é signatário para, então, se analisar um corpus constituído de 16 Acórdãos, compreendidos entre os anos de 2017 e 2019, da comarca da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, para os casos de concessão ou não de prisão domiciliar como pena alternativa. As decisões em primeira instância são referenciadas em alguns momentos da análise tendo em vista as entextualizações feitas pelos profissionais no decorrer dos procedimentos judiciais. Também são analisadas as leis e documentos oficiais citados acima. Trata-se de uma análise discursiva, qualitativo-interpretativista e interdisciplinar, que articula os estudos da Linguagem e do Direito do âmbito da Linguística Aplicada, mais especificamente da Linguística Forense. Após avaliar a relação sócio-histórica entre maternidade, feminismo e encarceramento e descrever o gênero acórdão com apoio das noções de cronotopo, cronotopo jurídico e entextualização, a lente discursiva desta tese se volta, com apoio do Sistema de Avaliatividade, para os índices avaliativos e morais sobre o comportamento feminino presentes nas decisões. Embora as normas nacionais e internacionais sejam convergentes em relação a (i) importância do convívio entre mãe e filho na primeira infância; (ii) especificidades em relação à prisão de mulheres e de gestantes e (iii) crítica ao encarceramento feminino, que vem aumentando consideravelmente no Brasil e no mundo, o que se observa, como resultados de pesquisa, é que: (i) os discursos construídos pelos julgadores são, muitas vezes, moralizantes, baseados na ideia de que a mulher perde a capacidade de ser mãe uma vez que comete um delito e (ii) os magistrados desconsideram os discursos presentes nas normas e leis existentes, mantendo a orientação punitivista que contribui diretamente para o aumento do quantitativo de mulheres encarceradas no Brasil. / [en] This discursive research analyzes how decisions about house arrest for women, mothers of children under 12 years of age and/or pregnant women are constructed discursively by judges. It is based on national laws and rules such as the Article 318 of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure (Artigo 318 do Código de Processo Penal brasileiro), the Child and Adolescent Statute (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente), the Habeas Corpus 143.641/SP with the Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) decision and the international Bangkok Rules - United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders – of which Brazil is a signatory, in order to analyze a corpus consisting of 16 Judgments, between the years of 2017 and 2019, of the district of the city of Rio de Janeiro, for cases of granting or not of house arrest as an alternative penalty. Decisions at first instance are referenced at some moments of the analysis with regard of the entextualizations made by professionals during legal proceedings. The laws and official documents mentioned above are also analyzed. This is a discursive, qualitative- interpretative and interdisciplinary analysis, which articulates the studies of language and law in the field of Applied Linguistics, and more specifically to Forensic Linguistics. After evaluating the socio-historical relationship between motherhood, feminism and imprisonment, describing the judgment as a textual gender with support of the perspectives of chronotope, legal chronotope and entextualization, the discursive lens of this thesis turns, with the support of the Appraisal System, to the evaluative and moral indicators on the female behavior shown in the decisions. Although national and international rules converge to (i) the importance of interaction between mother and child in early childhood; (ii) the specificities in relation to the arrest of women and pregnant women and (iii) the criticism of female incarceration that has been increasing considerably in Brazil and worldwide, what is observed, as the research results, is that: (i) the discourses constructed by the judges are often moralizing, based on the idea that women lose the ability to be a mother once they commit an offence; (ii) the judges disregard the discourses present in the existing norms and laws, maintaining the punitive orientation that directly contributes to the increase in the number of women incarcerated in Brazil.

Real estate appraisal is the means of defining the market value of land and property affixed to it. Many different features determine the market value of a property. For example, the distance to the nearest park or the travel time to the central business district may be significant when determining its market value. The use of machine learning in real estate appraisal requires algorithm accuracy and interpretability. Related research often defines these two properties as a trade-off and suggests that more complex algorithms may outperform intrinsically interpretable algorithms. This study tests these claims by examining the impact of geospatial features on interpretable algorithms in real estate appraisal. The experiments use property transactions from Oslo, Norway, and adds relative and global geospatial features for all properties using geocoding and spherical distance calculations. Such as the distance to the nearest park or the city center. The experiment implements three intrinsically interpretable algorithms; a linear regression algorithm, a decision tree algorithm, and a RuleFit algorithm. For comparison, it also implements two artificial neural network algorithms as a baseline. This study measures the impact of geospatial features using the algorithm performance by the coefficient of determination and the mean absolute error for the algorithm without and with geospatial features. Then, the individual impact of each geospatial feature is measured using four feature importance measures; mean decrease impurity, input variable importance, mean decrease accuracy, and Shapley values. The statistically significant results show that geospatial features improve algorithm performance. The improvement of algorithm performance is not unique to interpretable algorithms but occurs for all algorithms. Furthermore, it shows that interpretable algorithms are not axiomatically inferior to the tested artificial neural network algorithms. The distance to the city center and a nearby hospital are, on average, the most important geospatial features. While important for algorithm performance, precisely what the geospatial features capture remains for future examination. / Fastighetsvärdering är ett sätt att bestämma marknadsvärdet på mark och egendom som anbringas på den. Flera olika variabler påverkar marknadsvärdet för en fastighet. Avståndet till närmaste park eller restiden till det centrala affärsdistriktet kan till exempel vara betydande när man bestämmer ett marknadsvärde. Användningen av maskininlärning vid fastighetsvärdering kräver noggrannhet och tolkbarhet hos algoritmer. Relaterad forskning definierar ofta dessa två egenskaper som en kompromiss och föreslår att mer komplexa algoritmer kan överträffa tolkbara algoritmer. Den här studien testar dessa påståenden genom att undersöka påverkan av geospatiala variabler på tolkbara algoritmer i fastighetsvärdering. Experimentet använder fastighetstransaktioner från Oslo i Norge, och lägger till relativa och globala geospatiala variabler för alla fastigheter med hjälp av geokodning och sfäriska avståndsberäkningar. Såsom avståndet till närmaste park eller stadens centrum. Experimentet implementerar tre tolkbara algoritmer; en linjär regressionsalgoritm, en beslutsträdalgoritm och en RuleFit-algoritm. Som jämförelse implementerar den också två artificiella neuronnätsalgoritmer som en baslinje. Studien mäter påverkan av geospatiala variabler med algoritmprestanda genom determinationskoefficienten och det genomsnittliga absoluta felet för algoritmen med och utan geospatiala variabler. Därefter mäts den individuella påverkan av varje geospatial variabel med hjälp av fyra mått på variabelbetydelse; mean decrease impurity, input variabel importance, mean decrease accuracy och Shapley-värden. De statistiskt signifikanta resultaten visar att geospatiala variabler förbättrar algoritmers prestanda. Förbättringen av algoritmprestanda är inte unik för tolkningsbara algoritmer utan sker för alla algoritmer. Dessutom visar resultatet att tolkningsbara algoritmer inte är sämre än de testade artificiella neuronnätsalgoritmerna. Avståndet till stadens centrum och det närmaste sjukhuset är i genomsnitt de viktigaste geospatiala variablerna. Även om de geospatial variablerna är viktiga för algoritmprestanda, kvarstår frågan om vad exakt de betyder för framtida granskning.

No description available.