Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as contribuições da prática do aquarismo para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa na escola. Busca, também, avaliar os conhecimentos iniciais e finais dos professores e estudantes acerca dos ecossistemas aquáticos, capacitar os professores da rede de ensino básico para o desenvolvimento de uma proposta interdisciplinar por meio do uso de um aquário como estratégia de ensino, verificar a potencialidade do aquário, como um modelo de ensino, para a compreensão do funcionamento de um ecossistema aquático natural e a organização de um guia de apoio pedagógico para o estudo de um ecossistema aquático artificial para contribuir para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa na escola. A pesquisa desenvolvida neste trabalho é de natureza aplicada; qualitativa quanto à abordagem; descritiva quanto aos objetivos, e participante quanto aos procedimentos. A análise e coleta dos dados foram por meio de avaliações diagnósticas iniciais e finais aplicadas aos professores e estudantes do 9º ano da escola parceira, no ano de 2014, por meio das ações na escola para a manutenção do aquário e pela mostra de trabalhos apresentada para a comunidade, onde os conhecimentos construídos foram compartilhados. Os principais resultados deste trabalho indicaram que a atividade do aquarismo pode ser considerada como uma estratégia de ensino para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa na escola, pois a partir dos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes, novas informações foram agregadas à estrutura cognitiva dos mesmos e assim, novas ideias e conhecimentos foram construídos. Constatou-se por meio das avaliações diagnóstica que houve uma melhor compreensão da importância do cuidado com os ecossistemas aquáticos e com o meio ambiente, fomentando a reflexão quanto à responsabilidade de cada um frente aos recursos naturais, preservando-os às futuras gerações. Como produto final desta pesquisa foi organizado um “Guia de Apoio Pedagógico para o Estudo de um Ecossistema Aquático Artificial”, o qual servirá de subsídio para professores de educação básica, orientando para a montagem e manutenção de um aquário na escola, bem como para uso deste como estratégia para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa sobre a temática recursos hídricos. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-12-08T12:57:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Janete Maria Scopel.pdf: 6501766 bytes, checksum: 63dfb6ff500bb521c1683daec890ad55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-08T12:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Janete Maria Scopel.pdf: 6501766 bytes, checksum: 63dfb6ff500bb521c1683daec890ad55 (MD5) / This study aimed to evaluate the aquarium practice of contributions to the occurrence of meaningful learning in school. Also seeks to assess initial knowledge and end the teachers and students about aquatic ecosystems, training teachers of basic education network for the development of an interdisciplinary approach through the use of an aquarium as a teaching strategy, check the capability of aquarium, as a teaching model for understanding the operation of a natural aquatic ecosystem and the organization of a pedagogical support guide for the study of an artificial aquatic ecosystem to contribute to the occurrence of meaningful learning in school. The research developed in this work is of applied nature; Qualitative on the approach; descriptive of the aims, and participating on the procedures. The analysis and data collection have been through initial diagnostic evaluations and final applied to teachers and students of the 9th year of the partner school, in 2014, through the actions in school to maintain the aquarium and the exhibition of works submitted for the community where the knowledge built were shared. The main results of this work indicated that the aquarium activity can be considered as an educational strategy for the occurrence of meaningful learning in school, because from the previous knowledge of students, new information were added to the cognitive structure of the same and thus new ideas and knowledge are built. It was found through diagnostic assessments that there was a better understanding of the importance of caring for aquatic ecosystems and the environment, fostering reflection on the responsibility of each front natural resources, preserving them for future generations. As the final product of this research was organized a “Guide to Educational Support for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystem Artificial", which will serve as subsidy for basic education teachers, guiding for the assembly and maintenance of an aquarium at school as well as for use this as a strategy for the occurrence of significant learning on the theme water.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as contribuições da prática do aquarismo para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa na escola. Busca, também, avaliar os conhecimentos iniciais e finais dos professores e estudantes acerca dos ecossistemas aquáticos, capacitar os professores da rede de ensino básico para o desenvolvimento de uma proposta interdisciplinar por meio do uso de um aquário como estratégia de ensino, verificar a potencialidade do aquário, como um modelo de ensino, para a compreensão do funcionamento de um ecossistema aquático natural e a organização de um guia de apoio pedagógico para o estudo de um ecossistema aquático artificial para contribuir para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa na escola. A pesquisa desenvolvida neste trabalho é de natureza aplicada; qualitativa quanto à abordagem; descritiva quanto aos objetivos, e participante quanto aos procedimentos. A análise e coleta dos dados foram por meio de avaliações diagnósticas iniciais e finais aplicadas aos professores e estudantes do 9º ano da escola parceira, no ano de 2014, por meio das ações na escola para a manutenção do aquário e pela mostra de trabalhos apresentada para a comunidade, onde os conhecimentos construídos foram compartilhados. Os principais resultados deste trabalho indicaram que a atividade do aquarismo pode ser considerada como uma estratégia de ensino para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa na escola, pois a partir dos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes, novas informações foram agregadas à estrutura cognitiva dos mesmos e assim, novas ideias e conhecimentos foram construídos. Constatou-se por meio das avaliações diagnóstica que houve uma melhor compreensão da importância do cuidado com os ecossistemas aquáticos e com o meio ambiente, fomentando a reflexão quanto à responsabilidade de cada um frente aos recursos naturais, preservando-os às futuras gerações. Como produto final desta pesquisa foi organizado um “Guia de Apoio Pedagógico para o Estudo de um Ecossistema Aquático Artificial”, o qual servirá de subsídio para professores de educação básica, orientando para a montagem e manutenção de um aquário na escola, bem como para uso deste como estratégia para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa sobre a temática recursos hídricos. / This study aimed to evaluate the aquarium practice of contributions to the occurrence of meaningful learning in school. Also seeks to assess initial knowledge and end the teachers and students about aquatic ecosystems, training teachers of basic education network for the development of an interdisciplinary approach through the use of an aquarium as a teaching strategy, check the capability of aquarium, as a teaching model for understanding the operation of a natural aquatic ecosystem and the organization of a pedagogical support guide for the study of an artificial aquatic ecosystem to contribute to the occurrence of meaningful learning in school. The research developed in this work is of applied nature; Qualitative on the approach; descriptive of the aims, and participating on the procedures. The analysis and data collection have been through initial diagnostic evaluations and final applied to teachers and students of the 9th year of the partner school, in 2014, through the actions in school to maintain the aquarium and the exhibition of works submitted for the community where the knowledge built were shared. The main results of this work indicated that the aquarium activity can be considered as an educational strategy for the occurrence of meaningful learning in school, because from the previous knowledge of students, new information were added to the cognitive structure of the same and thus new ideas and knowledge are built. It was found through diagnostic assessments that there was a better understanding of the importance of caring for aquatic ecosystems and the environment, fostering reflection on the responsibility of each front natural resources, preserving them for future generations. As the final product of this research was organized a “Guide to Educational Support for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystem Artificial", which will serve as subsidy for basic education teachers, guiding for the assembly and maintenance of an aquarium at school as well as for use this as a strategy for the occurrence of significant learning on the theme water.

From time immemorial human beings have utilized animals for various needs and purposes, which led societies to debate the justification for using animals and to reflect on the way in which animals are treated. These concerns have also resulted in various contemporary studies aimed to reveal interest groups'--as well as the general publics'--views and opinions on the issues under dispute. Nevertheless, despite the considerable incorporation of animals in entertainment and leisure venues, only limited efforts have been geared towards exploring the ethical aspects of using animals in these initiatives. This lack of attention is especially evident in the tourism literature, despite the great relevancy of animal-based attractions to the tourism industry. Moreover, despite certain preliminary attempts to investigate people's perceptions of the use of animals in attractions, their attitudes for the most part are still ambiguous and speculative. Consequently, the purpose of the current research was to fill these and other gaps in the literature by investigating tourists' attitudes toward various animal-based attractions. The theoretical framework used for the study was based on a previous exploratory qualitative research, which also assisted in developing the research questions and hypotheses as well as in constructing the study survey. Therefore, the current study's instrument attempts to cover the main aspects of tourists' attitudes as they appear both in the literature and in the exploratory study. The survey was conducted among 252 tourists to the Central Florida area, using judgmental sampling with the intent to ensure heterogeneity among the study sample. Prior to addressing the research questions, the study instrument was tested for reliability and validity, which were found to be at satisfactory levels. The statistical analyses revealed some interesting findings with important implications for both research and practice. While several inquiries were evaluated in the course of the dissertation, the central findings of the study concerned the prominent aspects of tourists' ethical evaluation of animal-based attractions. The tourists expressed the highest agreement with the roles of the attractions in conservation, in family-oriented experience, in education, and as an alternative to nature. They also expressed a clear animal welfare approach, as they put the greatest importance on the way the animals are treated and trained by their keepers among conditions for ethical operations. Nevertheless, it was found that the key to developing positive attitudes toward attractions is the conviction in general arguments in favor of their presence, while specific sites' attributes seem to be more limited in their influence on the tourists' overall attitudes. In addition, belief in the positive effects of public opinion on attractions' ethical treatment of animals was found to have a greater association with tourists' attitudes, in comparison to more formal supervision and regulations. No less important, the study's findings confirm the heterogeneous nature of animal-based attractions as perceived by tourists, where multiple dominant factors influence attitudes toward diverse attraction types. Following the description of the results, the dissertation offers specific recommendations based on the findings for the management and marketing functions in animal-based attractions, especially with regard to potential steps for the purpose of improving and enhancing their ethical image among tourists. The study can be seen as one of the few comprehensive attempts to investigate tourists' attitudes toward animal-based attractions in the tourism literature, which can also serve as a benchmark and a basis for future studies on this contentious issue. The paper ends with an assessment of the study's limitations, and a series of suggestions of relevant topics for future investigations.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-195). Also available on the World Wide Web.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Visitation to marine wildlife viewing tours has increased steadily in the last few decades. Despite concerns over negative impacts, one of the anticipated benefits to wildlife viewing is increased visitor support for marine conservation. In this study, sea otters were used as a case study to determine how wildlife viewing may alter visitor attitudes and behavioural intentions towards marine conservation. In particular, the effects of the inclusion of interpretation in marine wildlife observation were analysed. This study includes the experiences of marine wildlife visitors to boat-based tours in Tofino, on the west coast of Vancouver Island, as well as the experiences of visitors to the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre. A questionnaire was used to determine the importance of sea otters to wildlife viewing tours, how both aquarium and boat-based wildlife viewing experiences influence visitor learning, and what implications this has for marine conservation. Sea otters were found to be important incidentally-viewed species in the boat-based tours. Sea otters were oftentimes not the main draw, but visitors very much enjoyed their presence. The provision of interpretation on its own affected visitor attitudes and behavioural intentions. However, the most significant difference in the promotion of conservation attitudes and behaviours was when the observation of sea otters was coupled with interpretation regarding sea otters. The same trend was observed in both the boat-based tours in Tofino and the captive wildlife viewing at the aquarium. These results indicate that the most important role of the tour guide is in locating marine species, and providing targeted interpretation about the species during observation. Thus, marine wildlife tourism can increase overall visitor support for marine conservation through affecting attitudes and behaviours.

Design and evaluation of real-time descriptive mediation (RTDM) for live aquarium exhibits was proposed to support the participation of visitors with and without vision loss. RTDM was developed to address learning, entertainment, restorative, and social motivations. Data was collected during a lab study with adults to get feedback about the RTDM and compare it to traditional docent presentations and audio tours. Findings show that the RTDM made it possible for participants to address their exhibit motivations and led to specific personal and social aspects of participation. A majority of participants with and without vision loss reported that the RTDM was supportive of their motivations and perceived it to be more effective at supporting learning, social, and restoration motivations compared to audio tour and docent mediation. The main contributions of this work are in: 1) developing evidence-based information design criteria for mediation at live animal exhibits; 2) demonstrating that mediation designed to support exhibit motivations can facilitate participation in adults with and without vision loss; and 3) validating participation as a design goal.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a transposição museográfica do conceito de biodiversidade em uma exposição do Aquário de Ubatuba, em Ubatuba, SP. O conceito de biodiversidade é bastante complexo, surgindo na ecologia e rapidamente sendo incorporado por diversos campos, muitas vezes com significados e intenções diferentes. A importância da biodiversidade para a sociedade se torna cada vez mais difundida e com isto a necessidade de compreender os processos educativos que a envolvem. Este trabalho objetiva analisar as transformações que o conceito passa ao percorrer o caminho entre os manuais acadêmicos de ecologia e os corredores da exposição de ecossistemas do Aquário de Ubatuba. A delimitação do saber de referência nos manuais acadêmicos é baseada na noção de que os mesmos refletem as teorias e conceitos estabelecidos da comunidade acadêmica em questão, da ecologia. Para permitir o estudo dos saberes em formatos tão diversos como os textos acadêmicos, os textos da exposição e os objetos expositivos presentes, os tanques, mapas conceituais foram utilizados. Para conhecer o saber sábio foram utilizados três manuais, pesquisados junto a diferentes universidades como os mais utilizados no ensino de ecologia. Para compreender o saber no aquário foi realizada uma entrevista com o diretor fundador e responsável pela exposição, assim como analisados todos os textos e tanques. Os textos da exposição de ecossistemas foram todos transcritos, assim como um método de descrição dos tanques, em 3 níveis de profundidade, foi desenvolvido. Os mapas conceituais produzidos a partir destas duas unidades de análise (livros e exposição) apontaram para uma biodiversidade majoritariamente focada no conceito de diversidade específica nos textos acadêmicos. Este enfoque não se mostrou tão presente na exposição, que possuía na diversidade comportamental os principais elementos da exposição. O papel do homem também se mostrou bastante reduzido no saber exposto, enquanto sua figura era presente, ligada a diversos impactos e também ações de conservação no saber sábio. A análise cuidadosa dos mapas da exposição permite também diferenciar entre as características expositivas de cada objeto, com os tanques sendo claramente adequados à apresentação da diversidade comportamental e pouco adequados para a diversidade genética, ausente na exposição. A determinação dos saberes presentes na exposição pelos mapas conceituais é uma ferramenta útil para o processo de elaboração de exposições, assim como permite perceber as adequações dos objetos aos papeis a eles determinados pela exposição. Esta pesquisa, além de apontar as adequações dos tanques de aquários para ensinar aspectos da biodiversidade pouco apresentados pelos livros acadêmicos, mostra também uma metodologia para mapear objetos complexos presentes em exposições, podendo contribuir para futuras pesquisas. / The present work analyses the museographic transposition of the biodiversity concept in an exhibit of Aquario de Ubatuba, Ubatuba, SP. Biodiversity is a complex concept. Originally developed in ecology and the natural sciences, it was quickly integrated in a variety of fields and, often, with different and new meanings and interests. The importance of biodiversity for our society grows, and thus the need to better understand the educational processes that involve it. This research\"s objective is to understand the transformations that biodiversity goes through while being transposed from graduation textbooks to the marine ecosystems aquarium exhibit. The decision to use textbooks to represent reference knowledge is based on the notion that textbooks represent established theories and concepts of the academic community in question, the biology, ecology one. To allow comparison of knowledges in such different states as textbooks, exhibit texts and aquarium tanks, concept maps were used as an analysis tool. In order to study the academic knowledge, 3 graduation textbooks were used, selected by questioning major universities which were the most used ecology textbooks by their teachers. To study the aquarium, an interview with the Director and founder, as well as fully transcribing exhibit texts that belonged to the ecosystem exhibit. A method for describing the aquarium tanks, by using three depth levels, was developed and used in the tanks present in the marine ecosystems exhibit. The concept maps produced by these two units of analysis (books and exhibits) pointed to a much more species diversity focused biodiversity in the textbooks. This emphasis was not found in the exhibit that was preeminently focused around behavioral diversity. Man\"s role and relation with biodiversity while well present and explained in textbooks, connected with environmental threats but also with conservation, had little to show in the exhibit. Careful analysis of the maps allows differentiating the museographic characteristics of each exhibit object. While tanks were clearly adapted to communicating behavioral diversity, they were not good at showing genetic diversity, absent at the exhibit, but present in the academic knowledge as part of the definition of biodiversity. Determining knowledges present in the exhibit through the usage of concept maps is a useful tool in exhibit planning, as well as understanding the different roles that each object can play in communicating the concepts present in the exhibit. This research not only shows how each object in the studied exhibit is suited for teaching an aspect of biodiversity not really explained in depth by textbooks, the behavioral diversity, but also presents a method to produce concept maps of complex exhibit objects, contributing for future research.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a transposição museográfica do conceito de biodiversidade em uma exposição do Aquário de Ubatuba, em Ubatuba, SP. O conceito de biodiversidade é bastante complexo, surgindo na ecologia e rapidamente sendo incorporado por diversos campos, muitas vezes com significados e intenções diferentes. A importância da biodiversidade para a sociedade se torna cada vez mais difundida e com isto a necessidade de compreender os processos educativos que a envolvem. Este trabalho objetiva analisar as transformações que o conceito passa ao percorrer o caminho entre os manuais acadêmicos de ecologia e os corredores da exposição de ecossistemas do Aquário de Ubatuba. A delimitação do saber de referência nos manuais acadêmicos é baseada na noção de que os mesmos refletem as teorias e conceitos estabelecidos da comunidade acadêmica em questão, da ecologia. Para permitir o estudo dos saberes em formatos tão diversos como os textos acadêmicos, os textos da exposição e os objetos expositivos presentes, os tanques, mapas conceituais foram utilizados. Para conhecer o saber sábio foram utilizados três manuais, pesquisados junto a diferentes universidades como os mais utilizados no ensino de ecologia. Para compreender o saber no aquário foi realizada uma entrevista com o diretor fundador e responsável pela exposição, assim como analisados todos os textos e tanques. Os textos da exposição de ecossistemas foram todos transcritos, assim como um método de descrição dos tanques, em 3 níveis de profundidade, foi desenvolvido. Os mapas conceituais produzidos a partir destas duas unidades de análise (livros e exposição) apontaram para uma biodiversidade majoritariamente focada no conceito de diversidade específica nos textos acadêmicos. Este enfoque não se mostrou tão presente na exposição, que possuía na diversidade comportamental os principais elementos da exposição. O papel do homem também se mostrou bastante reduzido no saber exposto, enquanto sua figura era presente, ligada a diversos impactos e também ações de conservação no saber sábio. A análise cuidadosa dos mapas da exposição permite também diferenciar entre as características expositivas de cada objeto, com os tanques sendo claramente adequados à apresentação da diversidade comportamental e pouco adequados para a diversidade genética, ausente na exposição. A determinação dos saberes presentes na exposição pelos mapas conceituais é uma ferramenta útil para o processo de elaboração de exposições, assim como permite perceber as adequações dos objetos aos papeis a eles determinados pela exposição. Esta pesquisa, além de apontar as adequações dos tanques de aquários para ensinar aspectos da biodiversidade pouco apresentados pelos livros acadêmicos, mostra também uma metodologia para mapear objetos complexos presentes em exposições, podendo contribuir para futuras pesquisas. / The present work analyses the museographic transposition of the biodiversity concept in an exhibit of Aquario de Ubatuba, Ubatuba, SP. Biodiversity is a complex concept. Originally developed in ecology and the natural sciences, it was quickly integrated in a variety of fields and, often, with different and new meanings and interests. The importance of biodiversity for our society grows, and thus the need to better understand the educational processes that involve it. This research\"s objective is to understand the transformations that biodiversity goes through while being transposed from graduation textbooks to the marine ecosystems aquarium exhibit. The decision to use textbooks to represent reference knowledge is based on the notion that textbooks represent established theories and concepts of the academic community in question, the biology, ecology one. To allow comparison of knowledges in such different states as textbooks, exhibit texts and aquarium tanks, concept maps were used as an analysis tool. In order to study the academic knowledge, 3 graduation textbooks were used, selected by questioning major universities which were the most used ecology textbooks by their teachers. To study the aquarium, an interview with the Director and founder, as well as fully transcribing exhibit texts that belonged to the ecosystem exhibit. A method for describing the aquarium tanks, by using three depth levels, was developed and used in the tanks present in the marine ecosystems exhibit. The concept maps produced by these two units of analysis (books and exhibits) pointed to a much more species diversity focused biodiversity in the textbooks. This emphasis was not found in the exhibit that was preeminently focused around behavioral diversity. Man\"s role and relation with biodiversity while well present and explained in textbooks, connected with environmental threats but also with conservation, had little to show in the exhibit. Careful analysis of the maps allows differentiating the museographic characteristics of each exhibit object. While tanks were clearly adapted to communicating behavioral diversity, they were not good at showing genetic diversity, absent at the exhibit, but present in the academic knowledge as part of the definition of biodiversity. Determining knowledges present in the exhibit through the usage of concept maps is a useful tool in exhibit planning, as well as understanding the different roles that each object can play in communicating the concepts present in the exhibit. This research not only shows how each object in the studied exhibit is suited for teaching an aspect of biodiversity not really explained in depth by textbooks, the behavioral diversity, but also presents a method to produce concept maps of complex exhibit objects, contributing for future research.

When Marineland of the Pacific opened in 1954 on the Palos Verdes Peninsula in greater Los Angeles, it was the second oceanarium in the world and the first on the West Coast. An initial investment of $3 million by Oceanarium Inc., owners of the popular Marine Studios park located near St. Augustine, Florida, ensured that Marineland was built with the same state of the art facilities needed to produce an authentic representation of the ocean floor on land. Building on Marine Studios' success exhibiting bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), Marineland's central draw was its performing cetaceans. During the park's early years, its collectors pioneered the capture of Pacific dolphin species, such as the Common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and the Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), and were the first to capture a live killer whale (Orcinus orca) in 1961. By exposing audiences to previously unknown species through circus-like performances, Marineland played a central role in changing public perceptions of small cetaceans in the post-World War II era. However, with few prior studies to consult, Marineland curators experimented with their own methods of capture, husbandry, and veterinary care that often resulted in the harm or death of cetaceans under their care. Caretakers contended with animal aggression and sexual behavior, the refusal of animals to perform in show routines, and high mortality. Despite the difficulties posed by exhibiting cetaceans, advertisements, press interviews, and films advanced a contrary narrative that animals under Marineland's care enjoyed the conditions of captivity and performing for an audience. This thesis explores the tension between entertainment and animal care that defined the early years of cetacean captivity in North America.