Ett examensarbete i Arkitektur om en ny moské i Umeå som en del av den nya översiktsplanen för stadsdelen Ön

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Thesis on all hours kindergarten.

In the design, the student researches urban color and explores how to use color to improve people's experience in the city.

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This study focuses on how real estate developers in Philadelphia view their responsibility to build housing units that are accessible to people living with disabilities. It relies on data collected by interviewing major developers who build several different types of housing, including high-end condominiums, university residential housing, mid-price townhouses, loft conversions, rehabilitation of historic properties, and affordable housing projects. The researcher finds that developers possess only limited knowledge about accessibility requirements. They do not regard people with disabilities as a submarket of consumers to whom they could sell their units. Interestingly, virtually all of them cited a family member or close friend with a significant disability, creating both awareness and an emotional connection to disability issues. Yet such personal connections did not necessarily prompt them to voluntarily add accessible features to their housing units. Instead, the developers acknowledged that government regulations are the spur that can oblige them to build more accessible housing. Surprisingly, they expressed less antagonism toward such regulations than the researcher expected. In general, their view was that if such regulations force all developers in the greater Philadelphia market to incorporate accessible features and costs into their developments, then their individual firms will not be placed at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace. / Urban Studies

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Fred L. Hasler / This paper discusses the potential of using LED modules as the primary light source for office buildings’ lighting systems. The LED lamps are the newest mass-produced lamps today; they have many insurmountable advantages compared to other light sources, like long lamp life, high efficacy, and low heat emission. Because of these advantages, owners and occupants of buildings can benefit greatly from the application of LED luminaires. The main focus of this paper is in 4 categories, which include the reliability of published data, occupant comfort, energy efficiency, and the life cycle costs of building lighting systems. LED light sources are compared to other primary light sources, which include fluorescent and incandescent lamps, of low ceiling office spaces from these 4 categories. The reliability of published data discussion covers color rendering index (CRI), correlated color temperatures (CCT), lamp life, and efficacy of the different type of lamps. The criteria of LED lamps are the most emphasized point of this section. The current CRI, efficacy, and lamp life evaluation systems are not suitable for LED lamps, and this paper discusses the practical value of each of these published data in office lighting system design. Some technical reports presented in this paper show that high CRI values of LED light sources do not directly link to excellent color rendition. However, LED light sources can have similar spectrum power distributions as natural light, and offer adequate visual comfort. Efficacy and lamp life are in the same situation. Even though, the published values do not necessarily reflect the real life performance of LED lamps, they often still have the longest lamp life and highest efficacy. Human comfort is the second factor discussed. Engineers and lighting designers consider illuminance level, color rendering ability, and glare of lighting systems to be deciding factors of human comfort from a lighting design perspective. However, many medical studies show that the human is much more sensitive to the correlated color of light sources. Light sources must vary output luminous flux and correlated color temperatures over time to help occupants reach optimum office task productivity and maintain health and visual comfort. LED lamps are the only light source that can practically change both the output luminous flux and correlate color temperature without heavy extra investments in equipment, which makes it the perfect candidate for this category. Energy efficiency is the third discussion point presented in this paper. Efficacy is a widely adopted term for evaluating the energy efficiency of a lamp, which describes the ratio of the output illuminance and input power. Because the output illuminance of LED lamps is decided not only by the illuminant bodies, but also many other electronic components in the lamps, some experts suggest that using efficacy to judge LED lamps is biased. This paper states the author’s position on whether efficacy can adequately describe the efficiency of LED lamps. Costs are also an inevitable point of this paper. LED lamps have the reputation of being the most expensive type of light source, but marketing data shows that the price of LEDs has been dropping dramatically recently. Moreover, Haitz’s law predicts that the price of LEDs will drop even more in the future. In this paper, the lifecycle costs of a light system have also been addressed across different types of light sources. Some crucial drawbacks of LED lamps, such as narrow photometric distribution and thermal damage control, are also addressed in this paper. Scientists and engineers still have not found the perfect solution to these drawbacks, but they are not significant enough to jeopardize the application of LED lamps in most architectural lighting design cases. According to the finding of this paper, LED lamps are the mainstream light source of future office lighting systems. The author also gives some suggestions for using LED lamps as primary light sources in office lighting system design applications at the end of the paper.

<p> Thermal bridging through structural steel members in building envelopes poses issues with heat loss and condensation in cold regions. Structural steel thermal breaks, taking the form of low-thermal conductivity, high-strength and stiffness materials placed between the faying surfaces of a steel connection, serve to reduce heat flow through the steel element and have seen extensive use in the construction industry. However, current steel construction code provisions in the US prohibit the use of compressible materials in a steel connection. While the practical benefits of thermal breaks in structural steel beams and columns have been well demonstrated, there is a lack of guidance on the structural design of these thermal breaks, as well as a yet undetermined thermal efficacy of thermal break design parameters.</p><p> The objective of this thesis was to determine the thermal and mechanical behavior of structural steel beam thermally broken connections and continuous beam thermal bridges. Heat flow through a thermally broken steel end-plate connection was determined experimentally using a calibrated hot box. Results were used to validate a finite element heat transfer model, which was used to perform a parametric analysis on the thermal break using different break and bolt materials. From the analyses, it was determined that the thickness of the break is effective in reducing heat flow and condensation potential. The use of stainless steel or fiber-reinforced bolts provides a significant reduction in heat flow and condensation potential. The mechanical behavior of the thermally-broken connection was analyzed using cantilever bending tests and shear tests on an identical set of connections using three different thicknesses of neoprene pad. Results showed that the rotational stiffness of the connection was reduced approximately linearly with increasing neoprene pad thickness. Shear deflection stiffness was reduced exponentially with increased pad thickness. Structural experimental results were validated against a finite element model which was used to investigate stresses in the end-plate and the bolt. Bolt rupture was found to occur at a reduced applied bending moment due to the increased rotation of the end-plate due to the soft intermediate layer of neoprene between the end-plate and the connection member.</p>

Buildings are responsible for over 70% of the average city’s greenhouse gas emissions. As the key component of buildings, window serves very important role in architecture. In current energy efficient building practice, windows are considerably less well insulating component than other parts of the building envelope. Therefore improving windows thermal performance is an important issue to develop energy efficiency building design. This research is carried out from the case studies of zero/low carbon buildings, in which windows were found the weakest part of building envelope. Within this work state-of-the-art window glazing types, latest best performing fenestration products in the market and advanced window technologies are reviewed. Vacuum window technology using evacauted tube pannels will be presented in this research work, as well as Thermoelectric (TEC) window system and Thermoelectric power generation window system. The objectives of the development of novel window systems are: (1) to develop the first-of-its-kind window technology using evacuated tube panels, its thermal transmittance (U-value) will be studied; (2) In order to compare U-values data with high performance windows, thermal performance of novel designed Aerogel and argon window system will be investigated; (3) to develop novel window system by combining evacuated tube panels and thermoelectric modules, which is functioned as a heat pump device; (4) to develop window system as a power generation device by interating thermoelectric generator. Novel windows technologies would meet the requirements of the Code for Sustainable Homes and those of commercial buildings. The study on development of novel window systems is carried on from the current window technologies and includes: (1) Computer modelling results show U-values about 0.59 W/m2K for double wall vacuum tube window, 0.61 W/m2K for single wall vacuum tube window. Laboratory measurements are carried out to validate theoretical results. The test results show that 1.0 W/m2K and 1.1 W/m2K for double and single wall vacuum tube window respectively. Economic and environmental assessments are also analysed. (2) Numerical model and laboratory tests have illustrated the U-values of different thickness of aerogel, argon and combination of both filled window. Comparing to standard double glazed window unit with 20mm air gap (U-value of 2.8 W/m2K), the U-value result of 6mm Aerogel-Argon window can be improved by 45% in theory and 30% according to the laboratory measurement results. (3) Advanced glazing will become “Energy Suppliers” as well as “Energy Managers”. Novel design of thermoelectric window system may function as “a heat pump” contributing buildings’ heating load in winter. Laboratory and outdoor tests investigate the amount of heat supply under various voltage regimes and weather conditions. (4) The electric power output of thermoelectric generator device combined with vacuum tube is examined under different experimental thermal conditions. The use of TEM has advantages of its maintainance free and can operate from any heat source. Window unit (sized1m×1m) installed such device can generate electricity approximately 70~180W.

The population in Sweden's metropolitan areas is expected to increase sharply and the Nordic is forecast to be among the most urbanized regions in the world in the near future. A effect for the growing population in cities is a greater need for high-capacity transport and high-capacity systems within the city limits. This candidate essay is a consideration to address the contexts that arise when the will and need to build dense and cohesive urban environments are to be combined with traffic systems and transport infrastructure in the city. In the first part of the  thesis, government-published reports, surveys and other relevant literature are studied based on a qualitative analysis methodology to identify the different planning principles used when planning urban development in connection with traffic systems and transport infrastructure. The identified planning principles are then applied in four established plans across the area of ​​Pampas / Tomteboda in Solna and Stockholm municipalities. Thereafter, it is examined how each proposal affects the ability to build dense urban development in Pampas / Tomteboda.