Trata-se de trabalho realizado por uma arquiteta e professora de projeto que pretende mostrar a importância da observação direta das poéticas dos arquitetos, tanto para a produção da arquitetura quanto para sua teoria e seu ensino. Ele se baseia na idéia de uma separação entre os campos da história, da crítica e da teoria da arquitetura, esta não tendo um caráter valorativo, mas sendo vista como um catalisador da produção. Nessa posição de frente, a teoria necessariamente passa a necessitar das poéticas dos próprios arquitetos o lugar onde a invenção ocorre. A valorização das poéticas também se explica pela crise por que passa o pensamento racionalista em todas as disciplinas, a qual permite o aparecimento do pluralismo de idéias e o afrouxamento da dicotomia subjetividade/objetividade. Essas poéticas, embora revelem idéias e conceitos particulares, forjam permanentemente uma teoria mais geral, através do diálogo com outras poéticas, a crítica e a história. Para isso ela analisou seus próprios projetos realizados entre 1970 e 1990 e entrevistas e projetos de outros arquitetos publicados de 1990 até o momento. / This is a work realized by a woman architect and project teacher that demands to show the importance of direct observation of architects poetics, for the architectural production as much as for theory and teaching. Its based on the idea of a separation between the areas of history, criticism and architecture theory, this one with no valorizing character, but considered as a production catalyser. In this front, theory necessarily needs poetics of its own architects the place where invention occurs. Poetics valoriazation also explains by crisis that attains rationalistic thought in all points os view, as well as allows the appearing of ideas pluralism and slackening of dycotomy subjectivity/objectivity. This poetics although reveals particular ideas and concepts, permanently forges a more general theory by the dialog among other poetics, criticism and theory. On the strenght of it, she analyzed her own projetcs, realized between 1970 and 1990, teoria da interviews and projects of other architects, published from 1970 up till now.

Esse trabalho investiga um processo de projetar em Arquitetura. Procura explorar com profundidade o contexto no qual vai ser implantada a construção definida na elaboração do projeto. Significa atender ao maior conjunto possível de necessidades e demandas do projeto, seu ajuste com a construção das partes e as especulações intermediárias até a volumetria resultante. A forma final será encontrada na busca da melhor configuração das partes tectônicas e simbólicas da edificação idealizada. Para explicar o processo simulamos sua aplicação num projeto para uma escola contemporânea: a Escola de Aplicação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo. Como referência para o programa de necessidades utilizamos aqui o programa atual da Escola de Aplicação, comparado ao padrão de recomendações aplicado no Reino Unido, e após a análise de ambos, propomos um novo programa que leva em consideração as duas demandas. O sitio físico localiza-se na Cidade Universitária e constitui um exemplo interessante para demonstrar a interação sitio / programa / projeto. Na simulação do processo de projeto aplica-se um método desenvolvido pelo arquiteto Joaquim Guedes conhecido por diagramas lineares, como meio de investigação na busca da forma. Em conjunto, realizam-se estudos sobre a possibilidade de admissão da iluminação natural nos ambientes, juntamente com uma proposta construtiva baseada num módulo regulador de projeto e construção. / This work deals with a design process in Architecture. It attempts to explore as much as possible the contextual aspects regarding site and building construction. It also means to consider the set of people needs and demands. At the same time speculations on the scheme of building parts must be considered. The final form is the result of this search. This would lead to the best constructive and symbolic idealized building configuration. To explain the process we simulated its application on a contemporary school project - the Escola de Aplicação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo. As reference to the briefing framework, we used the actual program of this school compared to the guidelines recommendation for schools buildings developed in the United Kingdom, and after studying them, we propose a new brief that consider both demands. The site is located on the University Campus and it represents an interesting example to demonstrate the interaction between site, brief and project. For the process simulation we applied a method developed by the architect Joaquim Guedes known as linear diagrams. This method easy the way to find project form. As part of the process a research was made to admit natural light in the rooms, besides the search for the best design metric standards.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar as casas modernas de arquitetos que contribuíram na formação e transformação do viver urbano, onde estes objetos de estudos podem ser utilizados como fio condutor para a discussão do ensino da disciplina de projeto de arquitetura. Também é analisado as principais escolas de arquitetura, tanto européias como as brasileiras que consolidaram um novo modo de compreender o programa de ensino das disciplinas e do curso de arquitetura no ensino moderno e contemporâneo, onde a Bauhaus, na Alemanha, influenciou muitas escolas no Rio e São Paulo, como a FAUUSP e FAUUBC, esta última elemento norteador da pesquisa geradora dos estudos de caso nos anos de 2001 e 2002, onde lecionei como professor assistente e posteriormente como responsável na disciplina de Projeto de Arquitetura, consolidando um conjunto de material para a análise do que chamo de experiência didática vivenciada. / The present dissertation aims to study and analyze the modern house projects which have contributed to new living architecture and urban concepts, and the acknowledgement of these intentions and purposes is used as guideline for the development of didactical orientations. Different projectual concepts that belong to the Twentieth Century architecture history are also compared in order to set up an internationally constructed scenario which will include brazilian didactical teaching experiences (FAUUSP and FAUUBC) as well as historical european examples such as the BAUHAUS experience in Germany. The faculty teaching carreer of the author shall help the construction of the concept he names as shared didactical experience.

A leitura comparativa das arquiteturas de Oscar Niemeyer e Le Corbusier aponta para a existência de um diálogo. Os três encontros ocorridos entre os arquitetos em 1936 no Rio de Janeiro, em 1947 em Nova York e 1955 em Paris prestam-se como cenário para uma troca de experiências estéticas caracterizada por uma relação de influência e contra-influência. Nos projetos que sucedem seu primeiro encontro com Le Corbusier na cidade do Rio de Janeiro em 1936, Niemeyer estrutura sua própria linguagem no instante em que, expande à escala do edifício, os elementos de caráter compositivo que Le Corbusier preserva internos a um esquema plástico-gráfico de matriz pictórica. A crescente emancipação da forma de traçado curvilíneo com relação aos pressupostos puristas apregoados por Le Corbusier em seus projetos realizados durante a década de 1920, além de representar a autonomia formal da arquitetura de Oscar Niemeyer, sinaliza uma perspectiva plástica para a própria obra de Le Corbusier, justamente no momento em que o arquiteto franco-suíço, em 1947, na cidade de Nova York, é apresentado, pelas mãos do arquiteto brasileiro, às fotografias dos edifícios da Pampulha. No início de 1955, ano em que inicia uma severa auto-crítica com relação aos seus procedimentos projetuais, Niemeyer realiza sua primeira viagem à Europa e reencontra Le Corbusier, dessa vez, no atelier do mestre em Paris. Ao ser apresentado aos estudos de Le Corbusier para os palácios de Chandigarh, Niemeyer encontra o nexo entre síntese plástica e monumentalidade que será incorporado em seus projetos para os palácios de Brasília. Oscar Niemeyer arma seu universo estético a partir de um raciocínio dialético que oscila entre o respeito e a ruptura com relação aos postulados corbusianos. Ao extravasar a dimensão expressiva da plástica arquitetônica para além dos parâmetros reguladores dos modelos de Le Corbusier, Niemeyer revigora os sentidos da superfície, da forma e do espaço na arquitetura moderna, assimilando o projeto como um desenho da própria paisagem. / The comparison between Oscar Niemeyers and Le Corbusiers architectures points out to the existence of a dialog. The three meetings that took place in Rio de Janeiro in 1936, New York in 1947 and Paris in 1955, provides a scenario for an aesthetic interchange of experiences, characterized by a relation of influence and counter-influence. In the works that come after Niemeyers first meeting with Le Corbusier in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1936, he structures his own language at the same time that he expands and reaches the building scale, the compounded elements Le Corbusier preserved inside a plastic/graphic scheme of pictorial source. The growing curved line trace freedom with regard to the purist presupposes divulged by Le Corbusier in his projects realized during the 1920s, besides representing the formal autonomy of Niemeyers architecture, points to a plastic perspective in Le Corbusiers own works, just in the moment when the French-Swiss architect in 1947, in New York city, is introduced, through the Brazilian architect, to Pampulha building photographs. Early of 1955, the year he initiates a strong self-criticism of his design procedures, Niemeyer travels to Europe for the first time and meets Le Corbusier again, at the masters atelier in Paris. Introduced to Le Corbusiers plan for Chandigarh Palaces, Niemeyer finds the connection between plastic syntheses and monumentality, which would be incorporated in his works for Brasilia Palaces. Oscar Niemeyer builds his aesthetic universe from a dialectical thought that oscillates between respect and rupture with regard to the Corbusian postulates. Extroverting the expressive dimension of architecture plastics to beyond the regulator parameters of Le Corbusiers models, Niemeyer revives the surface, form and space senses in modern architecture, incorporating the design project as a drawing from landscape itself.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991. / Odd-number pages numbered; even number pages blank. Pages 170 and 171 blank. / Includes bibliographical references. / The intent of this work was to explore an additive working method as a way to generate building form. It was initiated without any preconceived ideas about the project's final outcome. Instead, it focused on observations, associations, and attitudes of existing experiences and information. Working from the position that "one perception must immediately and directly lead to a further perception," a decisions were made. The design of an elementary school was the vehicle for the process. / by Mark Daley. / M.S.

Digital video is becoming extremely important nowadays and its importance has greatly increased in the last two decades. Due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies, the demand for Ultra-High Definition (UHD) video applications is becoming stronger. However, the most prevalent video compression standard H.264/AVC released in 2003 is inefficient when it comes to UHD videos. The increasing desire for superior compression efficiency to H.264/AVC leads to the standardization of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Compared with the H.264/AVC standard, HEVC offers a double compression ratio at the same level of video quality or substantial improvement of video quality at the same video bitrate. Yet, HE-VC/H.265 possesses superior compression efficiency, its complexity is several times more than H.264/AVC, impeding its high throughput implementation. Currently, most of the researchers have focused merely on algorithm level adaptations of HEVC/H.265 standard to reduce computational intensity without considering the hardware feasibility. What’s more, the exploration of efficient hardware architecture design is not exhaustive. Only a few research works have been conducted to explore efficient hardware architectures of HEVC/H.265 standard. In this dissertation, we investigate efficient algorithm adaptations and hardware architecture design of HEVC intra encoders. We also explore the deep learning approach in mode prediction. From the algorithm point of view, we propose three efficient hardware-oriented algorithm adaptations, including mode reduction, fast coding unit (CU) cost estimation, and group-based CABAC (context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding) rate estimation. Mode reduction aims to reduce mode candidates of each prediction unit (PU) in the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) process, which is both computation-intensive and time-consuming. Fast CU cost estimation is applied to reduce the complexity in rate-distortion (RD) calculation of each CU. Group-based CABAC rate estimation is proposed to parallelize syntax elements processing to greatly improve rate estimation throughput. From the hardware design perspective, a fully parallel hardware architecture of HEVC intra encoder is developed to sustain UHD video compression at 4K@30fps. The fully parallel architecture introduces four prediction engines (PE) and each PE performs the full cycle of mode prediction, transform, quantization, inverse quantization, inverse transform, reconstruction, rate-distortion estimation independently. PU blocks with different PU sizes will be processed by the different prediction engines (PE) simultaneously. Also, an efficient hardware implementation of a group-based CABAC rate estimator is incorporated into the proposed HEVC intra encoder for accurate and high-throughput rate estimation. To take advantage of the deep learning approach, we also propose a fully connected layer based neural network (FCLNN) mode preselection scheme to reduce the number of RDO modes of luma prediction blocks. All angular prediction modes are classified into 7 prediction groups. Each group contains 3-5 prediction modes that exhibit a similar prediction angle. A rough angle detection algorithm is designed to determine the prediction direction of the current block, then a small scale FCLNN is exploited to refine the mode prediction.

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This thesis describes the refinement of an Architecture Flow Optimization (AFO) tool for naval surface ship design, specifically focusing on the development of new network and matrix-based methods for AFO formulation and their application in Concept Development. The AFO tool analyzes and optimizes the flow of energy through the ship's Vital Components (VCs) interfacing with a Ship Synthesis and Product Model (SSM), ensuring that all physical and operational constraints are satisfied while minimizing system cost across multiple intact and damaged operational scenarios. The total ship system is described by physical and logical architectures in a network structure comprised of vital component nodes and arcs. These elements form the basis of a linear system of equations in matrix form, the manipulation of which relies heavily on linear algebra and matrix operations. The matrix system of equations is solved using linear programming with a significant improvement in computational efficiency. The solution supports the sizing of individual vital components and the refinement of system logical architecture. It also provides the basic AFO engine necessary to support future refinement of a dynamic architecture flow optimization (DAFO) with the computational speed necessary for rapid solution of dynamic mission scenarios insuring optimized and feasible warfighting reconfiguration, with and without damage. / Master of Science / This thesis describes the refinement of an Architecture Flow Optimization (AFO) tool for naval surface ship design, specifically focusing on the development of new network and matrix-based methods for AFO formulation and their application in naval ship Concept Development processes. The Architecture Flow Optimization tool analyzes and optimizes the flow of energy through the ship's Vital Components (VCs). The AFO tool completes this task by interfacing with a Ship Synthesis and Product Model (SSM), ensuring that all of the ship's physical and operational constraints are satisfied. This is done while minimizing the ship system cost across multiple intact and damaged operational scenarios. The total ship system is described by physical and logical architectures in a network structure comprised of vital components (nodes) and their connections (arcs). These elements form the basis of a linear system of equations in matrix form, the manipulation of which relies heavily on linear algebra and matrix operations. The matrix system of equations is solved using a linear programming algorithm with a significant improvement in computational speed. The solution provided from the optimization supports the sizing of individual vital components and the refinement of the ship system logical architecture. It also provides the basic AFO engine necessary to support future refinement of a dynamic architecture flow optimization (DAFO) with the computational speed necessary for rapid solution of dynamic mission scenarios insuring optimized and feasible warfighting reconfiguration, with and without damage.

Computer vision techniques are becoming increasingly popular. For example, face recognition is used to help police find criminals, vehicle detection is used to prevent drivers from serious traffic accidents, and written word recognition is used to convert written words into printed words. With the rapid development of vehicle detection given the use of deep learning techniques, there are still concerns about the performance of state-of-the-art vehicle detection techniques. For example, state-of-the-art vehicle detectors are restricted by the large variation of scales. People working on vehicle detection are developing techniques to solve this problem. This thesis proposes an advanced vehicle detection model, adopting one of the classical neural networks, which are the residual neural network and the region proposal network. The model utilizes the residual neural network as a feature extractor and the region proposal network to detect the potential objects' information. / Master of Science / Computer vision techniques are becoming increasingly popular. For example, face recognition is used to help police find criminals, vehicle detection is used to prevent drivers from serious traffic accidents, and written word recognition is used to convert written words into printed words. With the rapid development of vehicle detection given the use of deep learning techniques, there are still concerns about the performance of state-of-the art vehicle detection techniques. For example, state-of-the-art vehicle detectors are restricted by the large variation of scales. People working on vehicle detection are developing techniques to solve this problem. This thesis proposes an advanced vehicle detection model, utilizing deep learning techniques to detect the potential objects’ information.

Today, concerns for environmental quality affect nearly all walks of life. In response to demands for resource conservation, architecture has become more complicated because the design process now depends on a large number of different disciplines. Now more than ever, building owners and users have many requirements—informed by developments in knowledge, technology, and science. These stakeholders are asking architects to design for lower operational cost, good daylighting and views, and higher indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Integrating all of these issues in building design is a dynamic process, which looks holistically at all of the dimensions of architectural. Present barriers of integrating green and sustainable strategies in the design process are mostly associated with architect's education and the understanding of the fundamental knowledge of the dynamics between the building and the local environmental conditions. For example, Saudi Arabia faces many challenges related to creating more environmentally responsive buildings, and peoples' behavior may not be easily changed with regard to resource conservation. To achieve such changes, a new educational framework for architecture is needed. This study captures and structures knowledge that informed the examination and development of the new knowledge-based educational framework for green building design in Saudi Arabia. Through literature review, a series of case studies, and interviews with professors from United States architecture schools and interviews with graduates from Saudi Arabian architecture schools, the study revealed how knowledge related to green building can be structured and strategically implemented into architectural design education in Saudi Arabia. This framework presents green knowledge in a logical, sequential structure representing a learning path/knowledge map. The knowledge map was not intended to present a sequential structure over the course of several years, but is more general so that it can be applied across all architecture schools in Saudi Arabia. In other words, the knowledge map may be applied as-is within the current architectural educational knowledge in Saudi Arabia schools, or it can be used as a guideline and assistance tool for educators and school administrators. Overall, this framework presents a workable model for green design education in the context of the existing Saudi Arabia educational practices. Thus, the goal of the final knowledge framework is to transform the architectural educational system in Saudi Arabia. / Ph. D.