Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: George is considered the capital of the Southern Cape and is situated in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It has a very mild climate and the region receives above average rainfall. Centuries ago several Khoi tribes were present in this area and the first Europeans settled here around the middle of the 18th century. After the foundation of the town of George in 1811 more people moved to this region. Khoi, and later coloured people, lived at the Pacaltsdorp Mission station. Initially the town developed very slowly and it was only after 1920 that growth accelerated. With regard to architecture, the Cape Dutch Revival style started appearing since 1900, but it was only from 1920 onwards that many new buildings were erected in this style. Up untill then architecture reflected the successive styles current during the 19th century. However very few of these buildings survived in George. The Cape Dutch architectural style that was used until the late 19th century in the rural areas, was the first indigenous South African style that revived. This revival was initiated by sir Herbert Baker, and after 1910 it was applied increasingly by other architects. Several characteristics of the Cape Dutch style were incorporated in the Revival Style, but the eclectic approach of the style resulted in a variety of styles being represented. In other towns of the Southern Cape and Little Karroo the same trends appeared, putting the architecture of George in perspective. In South Africa the theories on conservation are not applied satisfactorily. In George specifically there are no attempts by local authorities to conserve the architectural heritage systematically and judiciously. Some local conservation bodies have attempted to create awareness, but had little success. As the Cape Dutch Revival style is the oldest style of which a number of buildings are still in existence, it is from a conservational point of view of the utmost importance that they are being cared for in a circumspect way. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: George word beskou as die hoofstad van die Suid-Kaap en is geleë in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie van Suid-Afrika. Die klimaat is gematigd en die streek kry 'n bogemiddelde reënval. Verskeie Khoi-stamme is reeds eeue gelede in hierdie streek aangetref en die blanke vestiging het rondom die middel van die 18de eeu begin. Na die stigting van George in 1811 het meer mense daarheen getrek. Van die bruin gemeenskap het by die sendingstasie in Pacaltsdorp saamgetrek. Die dorp het aanvanklik baie stadig gegroei en eers sedert 1920 het die ontwikkeling vinniger toegeneem. Sedert 1900 het die Kaaps-Hollandse Herlewingstyl in die argitektuur posgevat, maar dit was veral na 1920 dat baie van die nuwe geboue in die styl opgerig is. Tot op daardie stadium is daar gebou in die opeenvolgende style wat in die 19de eeu kontemporêr was. Van hierdie geboue het baie min in George oorgebly. Die Kaaps-Hollandse boustyl wat tot in die laat 19de eeu nog op die platteland toegepas is, was die eerste Suid-Afrikaanse inheemse styl wat herleef het. Die herlewing is in die 1890's geïnisieer deur sir Herbert Baker, en na 1910 is dit toenemend deur ander argitekte aangewend. Verskeie kenmerke van die Kaaps-Hollandse styl is in die Herlewingstyl opgeneem, maar die eklektiese benadering by laasgenoemde het tot gevolg gehad dat 'n groot verskeidenheid style daarin verteenwoordig word. Ander dorpe in die Suid-Kaap en Klein-Karoo het dieselfde tendense geopenbaar, wat die argitektuur van George in perspektief plaas. Die teorie van bewaring word in Suid-Afrika nog nie goed toegepas op erfenis nie. In George spesifiek is daar van owerheidsweë geen pogings om die geboue-erfenis sistematies en oordeelkundig te bewaar nie. Enkele bewaringsorganisasies wend pogings tot bewusmaking aan, maar het nog min sukses gehad. Omdat die Kaaps-Hollandse Herlewingstyl die oudste styl is waarvan daar nog 'n groep geboue in George behoue gebly het, is dit noodsaaklik dat daar uit 'n bewaringsoogpunt in die toekoms met groot omsigtigheid daarna omgesien word.

Esta tese busca a compreensão de como o ambiente da cozinha e os eletrodomésticos nela inseridos estão articulados aos modos de vida das pessoas. Parte do princípio de que as pessoas organizam suas vidas de diferentes maneiras, ancoradas em hábitos e valores que foram sendo constituídos, mantidos ou modificados ao longo da história da humanidade. Esses hábitos e valores são decorrentes de contextos culturais, sociais, econômicos, geográficos, políticos e tecnológicos em que vivem as pessoas, além da bagagem material e imaterial particular de cada uma delas, inter-relacionados e interdependentes na composição do meio ambiente, manifestando a complexidade e a diversidade cultural. Entende-se a cozinha como um espaço de manifestação cultural e, desta maneira, de expressão de identidades que envolvem desde a alimentação ali preparada e servida, a organização de diferentes tipos de artefatos nesse espaço, bem como o posicionamento e funções da cozinha no contexto da habitação. E, ainda, que esses elementos representam valores simbólicos de seus moradores e moradoras (ou usuários e usuárias), em diferentes graus de interferência, pois há aqueles(as) que exercem maior ou menor influência sobre a constituição e a manutenção desse espaço. Com esta perspectiva, este estudo está ancorado em uma base teórica interdisciplinar, que transita principalmente entre a antropologia, a sociologia, a arquitetura e o design, visando esclarecer temas relacionados às origens da cozinha e às mudanças sociais associadas ao desenvolvimento de recursos tecnológicos nesse ambiente, especialmente, aos eletrodomésticos. Compreendendo que mudanças sociais e desenvolvimento tecnológico constituem produto e processo integrados em determinado sistema, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho interpretativo com casais da cidade de Florianópolis/SC, tendo como objetivos: identificar e interpretar de que maneira são estabelecidas as rotinas no ambiente doméstico, especificamente na cozinha; identificar e interpretar como as pessoas percebem a interferência de recursos tecnológicos no seu cotidiano no ambiente doméstico, especificamente na cozinha; identificar e interpretar hábitos de consumo de artefatos eletroeletrônicos no ambiente doméstico, relacionados à cozinha; identificar e interpretar diferenças nas relações de gênero no ambiente doméstico, especialmente na cozinha, compreendendo que tudo isso se dá sob cenários e em contextos de diversidade e hibridação cultural. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitam ampliar e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os contextos, perfis e requisitos das pessoas para as quais se voltam atividades projetuais inter-relacionadas como as de arquitetura, design, dentre outras. / The aim of this thesis is to understand how the kitchen environment and the home appliances are articulated to the people´s lifestyle. It assumes that people organize their lives in different ways, anchored in habits and values that were being created, maintained or modified throughout the history of humanity. These habits and values are due to the cultural, social, economic, geographic, political and technological contexts in which people live, as well as the material and immaterial personal background of each one of them, interrelated and interdependent in the composition of the environment, manifesting the complexity and the cultural diversity. The kitchen is seen as an environment of cultural expression and, thus, the expression of identities. It involves not only food preparation and serving, but also the organization of different types of artifacts in this space, as well as the positioning and the kitchen functions in the housing context. These elements represent symbolic values of its residents (or users), in different degrees of interference, because there are those who have more or less influence on this space formation and maintenance. With this perspective in mind, this study is anchored in a theoretical interdisciplinary basis that moves mainly among anthropology, sociology, architecture and design, aiming to clarify issues related to the origins of the kitchen and the social changes associated with the development of technological resources in this environment, especially, to home appliances. Understanding that social changes and technological development constitute integrated product and process in a system, a qualitative and interpretative research with couples from the city of Florianópolis/SC has been conducted. The main goals of this research were: to identify and interpret how the routines are established in the home environment specifically in the kitchen; to identify and interpret how people perceive the interference of technological resources in their daily lives in the home, specifically in the kitchen; to identify and interpret consumption habits of electronic artifacts in the home environment, related to the kitchen; to identify and interpret differences in gender relations in the household, especially in the kitchen, realizing that all this takes place in scenarios and contexts of cultural diversity and hybridization. The survey results enable to broaden and deepen the knowledge on the contexts, profiles and requirements of the people to whom the projetual interrelated activities are made such as architecture and design, among others.

Esta tese busca a compreensão de como o ambiente da cozinha e os eletrodomésticos nela inseridos estão articulados aos modos de vida das pessoas. Parte do princípio de que as pessoas organizam suas vidas de diferentes maneiras, ancoradas em hábitos e valores que foram sendo constituídos, mantidos ou modificados ao longo da história da humanidade. Esses hábitos e valores são decorrentes de contextos culturais, sociais, econômicos, geográficos, políticos e tecnológicos em que vivem as pessoas, além da bagagem material e imaterial particular de cada uma delas, inter-relacionados e interdependentes na composição do meio ambiente, manifestando a complexidade e a diversidade cultural. Entende-se a cozinha como um espaço de manifestação cultural e, desta maneira, de expressão de identidades que envolvem desde a alimentação ali preparada e servida, a organização de diferentes tipos de artefatos nesse espaço, bem como o posicionamento e funções da cozinha no contexto da habitação. E, ainda, que esses elementos representam valores simbólicos de seus moradores e moradoras (ou usuários e usuárias), em diferentes graus de interferência, pois há aqueles(as) que exercem maior ou menor influência sobre a constituição e a manutenção desse espaço. Com esta perspectiva, este estudo está ancorado em uma base teórica interdisciplinar, que transita principalmente entre a antropologia, a sociologia, a arquitetura e o design, visando esclarecer temas relacionados às origens da cozinha e às mudanças sociais associadas ao desenvolvimento de recursos tecnológicos nesse ambiente, especialmente, aos eletrodomésticos. Compreendendo que mudanças sociais e desenvolvimento tecnológico constituem produto e processo integrados em determinado sistema, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho interpretativo com casais da cidade de Florianópolis/SC, tendo como objetivos: identificar e interpretar de que maneira são estabelecidas as rotinas no ambiente doméstico, especificamente na cozinha; identificar e interpretar como as pessoas percebem a interferência de recursos tecnológicos no seu cotidiano no ambiente doméstico, especificamente na cozinha; identificar e interpretar hábitos de consumo de artefatos eletroeletrônicos no ambiente doméstico, relacionados à cozinha; identificar e interpretar diferenças nas relações de gênero no ambiente doméstico, especialmente na cozinha, compreendendo que tudo isso se dá sob cenários e em contextos de diversidade e hibridação cultural. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitam ampliar e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os contextos, perfis e requisitos das pessoas para as quais se voltam atividades projetuais inter-relacionadas como as de arquitetura, design, dentre outras. / The aim of this thesis is to understand how the kitchen environment and the home appliances are articulated to the people´s lifestyle. It assumes that people organize their lives in different ways, anchored in habits and values that were being created, maintained or modified throughout the history of humanity. These habits and values are due to the cultural, social, economic, geographic, political and technological contexts in which people live, as well as the material and immaterial personal background of each one of them, interrelated and interdependent in the composition of the environment, manifesting the complexity and the cultural diversity. The kitchen is seen as an environment of cultural expression and, thus, the expression of identities. It involves not only food preparation and serving, but also the organization of different types of artifacts in this space, as well as the positioning and the kitchen functions in the housing context. These elements represent symbolic values of its residents (or users), in different degrees of interference, because there are those who have more or less influence on this space formation and maintenance. With this perspective in mind, this study is anchored in a theoretical interdisciplinary basis that moves mainly among anthropology, sociology, architecture and design, aiming to clarify issues related to the origins of the kitchen and the social changes associated with the development of technological resources in this environment, especially, to home appliances. Understanding that social changes and technological development constitute integrated product and process in a system, a qualitative and interpretative research with couples from the city of Florianópolis/SC has been conducted. The main goals of this research were: to identify and interpret how the routines are established in the home environment specifically in the kitchen; to identify and interpret how people perceive the interference of technological resources in their daily lives in the home, specifically in the kitchen; to identify and interpret consumption habits of electronic artifacts in the home environment, related to the kitchen; to identify and interpret differences in gender relations in the household, especially in the kitchen, realizing that all this takes place in scenarios and contexts of cultural diversity and hybridization. The survey results enable to broaden and deepen the knowledge on the contexts, profiles and requirements of the people to whom the projetual interrelated activities are made such as architecture and design, among others.

This paper is exploring dementia village architecture as a new architectural model, addressing the dementia care challenge, and linking it to the continuous process of deinstitutionalization, as a broader political, social, and cultural project. The paper will investigate the specific challenges and opportunities of the village model, through a case study of two exemplar cases of this model, asking, what are the properties of ‘villageness’, and to what degree are they each responding to an idea of ‘villageness’? This is explored through different scales of the village, going from ‘part’, to ‘relation between parts’ and ‘whole’, investigated through themes, related to the dementia care challenge; domestic interior, promenade, and community.

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During the course of my graduate year of studies, many avenues of design were explored. The three projects shown in this thesis are the conclusion of this year. My primary concern had been to achieve a confidence with building elements as they operate together. As can be seen from the presentation, I did not arrange spaces but instead designed an ordered system of columns, walls and beams, that arose from a general program and could subsequently be manipulated to provide for the unique requirements of a particular building. These are not really systems buildings, or warehouses to handle any function needed; but instead a set of basic statements arising from the general activities of performing constructing and living. These general categories were chosen from local design projects. Specifically, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is in need of a new Fine Arts facility--Theatre, Dance and Music. My design provides a general building language for such a facility. Radford College Art School was in need of an outdoor paint and sculpture area - a place to work and construct objects that would best be done outdoors. The design by Jaan Holt, which I participated in, gives the college a pavillion "language" capable of incrementally changing to provide for their specific needs. Finally, I feel the public is in need of a better house. The house included is not the answer but an attempt to introduce new design information into the present "symbolics" of the American house. The three projects combined are the result of an attempt to understand specific building languages at several scales and provide an academic end point, as well as a beginning, to professional design. / Master of Architecture

In the last four decades, Saudi Arabia has undergone rapid urban development. One consequence of this is the emergence of the villa-type dwelling unit as a standard contemporary house design. The domestic open space of each unit is the space surrounding the form of the house. This contemporary domestic open space has failed to meet the basic cultural need for privacy and the demands of the local climate. The aim of this study is to describe the need for privacy as a determining cultural aspect, and climatic comfort in the contemporary domestic open space within the existing cultural and environmental context. The study analyzes the traditional domestic open space to provide clues to direct and improve the existing situation. Design options or guidelines based on the analysis of the contemporary and traditional domestic open spaces are proposed to improve the domestic open space within the villa house pattern. / Master of Landscape Architecture