Delaktighet är grundläggande för främjandet av folkhälsa. Inom arbetslivet kan delaktighet främjas genom ledarskap, till exempel använder Försvarsmakten utvecklande ledarskap för att främja hälsa genom chefer. Arnsteins delaktighetsstege visar på nivåer av delaktighet i ett hierarkiskt system och kan användas för att mäta delaktighet. Attityder kan påverka hur människor handlar och kan påverkas av mängden krav och resurser inom arbetslivet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka attityder till delaktighet inom det egna ledarskapet, i vilken grad det finns förutsättningar att bedriva ett ledarskap som främjar delaktighet samt om det finns ett samband däremellan, hos chefer med personalansvar i en militär organisation. Enkäten har skickats ut till samtliga 135 chefer med personalansvar på ett regemente i Sverige. Enkäten innehåller egenkonstruerade påståenden om attityder till delaktighet i det egna ledarskapet samt grad av förutsättningar för att bedriva ett ledarskap som främjar delaktighet. 65 procent (n=88) av de tillfrågade har besvarat enkäten. Resultatet visar på en positiv attityd till delaktighet i det egna ledarskapet samt goda förutsättningar för att bedriva ett ledarskap som främjar delaktighet. Däremot påpekas tidsbrist. Inga signifikanta samband kan påvisas. Resultatet i denna studie kan användas för att förbättra förutsättningarna för och utveckla arbetet med att främja delaktighet inom Försvarsmakten. / Participation is a basic component for ensuring public health. It is common for participation to be promoted in the workplace via leadership. For example, within the Swedish armed forces transformational leadership is used to promote healthier workplaces. Our attitudes can affect the way we chose to act and can be affected by the demands and resources found in our working environments. Arnstein’s latter of participation determine three levels of participation that can occur within a hierarchical system and can be used to measure participation. The purpose of this paper is to narrate for attitudes towards participation within the leadership among the heads of personnel at a garrison in Sweden, their possibilities to conduct a leadership which promote participation and if these two factors correlate. For this survey, self-composed claims about attitudes towards participation within leadership and degree of possibilities to conduct a leadership that promotes participation is used. The survey was sent to 135 chiefs responsible for personnel at a Swedish garrison and 65 percent (n=88) responded. The results indicate that chiefs have a positive attitude towards participation in leadership and that they have high degree of possibilities to conduct this kind of leadership. The results also indicate a lack of time to promote participation. However, the results did not indicate a significant correlation between attitudes and degree of possibilities. The results discussed in this paper can be used to improve and develop the possibilities to promote participation within the Swedish armed forces.

Fossila bränslen är ändliga resurser och FMV menar i sin Tekniska Prognos 2013 att Försvarsmakten redan nu bör planera för en omställning till alternativa tekniker till dagens förbränningsmotor. Den teknik som verkar mest lämplig som interimslösning mellan framtidens vision om ren eldrift och förbränningsmotorn är elhybridteknik. Uppsatsen undersöker hur Försvarsmaktens logistikfunktion påverkas om bandvagnssystemet skulle övergå till seriehybridteknik. Uppsatsens ansats är kvalitativ med en kombination av textstudier, intervjuer samt ett frågeformulär som besvaras av totalt tre personer fördelat på Amf1, FMTS och I19 där samtliga innehar mångårig erfarenhet av bandvagnssystemet. Formulären kompletteras med intervjuer med dessa personer samt personer på BAE Systems som bidrar med teknisk expertis. Slutsatsen är att seriehybridtekniken har potential att både direkt och indirekt påverka logistikfunktionen positivt, men att konkreta vinster är svåra att bedöma med hänsyn till osäkerheter kopplat både mot tekniska faktorer och att tekniken inte är prövad i strid. / Fossil fuels are finite resources and in a report from 2013, the Swedish Defence Material Administration encourages the Swedish Armed Forces to start planning for the transition to alternative propulsion systems to reduce its dependency of fossil fuels. The most promising technology to bridge the gap between pure electric propulsion and today’s internal combustion engine is hybrid electric technology. This essay examines the implications a series hybrid solution would have on military logistics. The method used includes analysis of both scientific reports and of survey answers from personnel in the SAF with several years of experience working with the tracked vehicle Bandvagn 309. The analysis of the survey answers is completed with interviews with these people and others working at BAE Systems who contributes with technical expertise. The essay will conclude that a series hybrid solution would have a positive impact on military logistics even though it is hard to specify how great the effect would be due to technical uncertainties and the fact that the technology is yet to be tested in combat.

The prevalence of intra-state conflicts and state failures in Africa since the end of the Cold War has made Africa the epicentre of threats to human, national and international security. The inability of African states to combat the insecurities in their respective countries reinforces the discourse on the role of the African Union (AU) in enhancing peace and security across the continent. Since its establishment in 2002, the AU has responded to some security challenges in Africa. In situations of armed conflicts, especially where diplomatic and mediatory efforts fail, the AU has adopted military interventionist mechanisms to protect civilians and to restore peace and security in accord with Article 4(h) of the AU Constitutive Act. Drawing from the cases of Somalia, Sudan and Libya, this research evaluates the capacity of the AU to operationalize the idea of ‘African Solutions to African Problems’ and enforce peace and security especially through its military interventionist mechanisms. Limitations in terms of resources, expertise and funds as well as the poor commitment of member states constitute setbacks to the AU’s effort at conflict management. For the AU to perform effectively in conflict situations, it is imperative for the regional body to develop the required supranational capacity to compel obedience from member states as well as warring parties. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2014.

The main concerns of the study, covering the years 1945-84, are arrangements that have been made for the use of military bases in the United Kingdom by United States forces. The subject is examined within a chronological framework. The development of the United States military presence is traced, from the earliest Joint Chiefs of Staff plans in 1945 and the Spaatz- Tedder agreement in 1946, which gave the United States permission to deploy certain forces in the United Kingdom in time of emergency. The 1948 Berlin Crisis led to the arrival of bombers in East Anglia which was the first major post-war deployment of United States forces to Britain. It was stated that it would be for a period of temporary duty. In fact the bases have remained from that day to this, though their number and types have varied over time. The Korean War proved to be the next major turning point. It increased demands upon the Attlee government for an agreement defining the conditions of use of United States bases in the United Kingdom. The subsequent Truman- Attlee, and later Truman-Churchill, meetings resulted in the key phrase: the use of bases would be 'a matter for joint decision ... in the light of circumstances prevailing at the time.' Different interpretations have been placed on these words at different times. The years 1950-57 saw a consolidation of the United States military presence, with Britain's importance as an intelligence base also growing. The dawning of the missile age symbolised by the first Soviet earth satellite in 1957, the agreement in the same year to deploy Thor missiles, and the deployment of Polaris to Holy Loch in 1960, raised questions regarding the adequacy of the earlier agreements on the conditions of use. This factor, alongside the development of a distinct European identity of which Britain has become a part, has led to a questioning of American hegemony within NATO. The arrival of cruise missiles in 1983 gave added urgency to the debate. Whilst it may be generally recognized that the bases make a substantial contribution to the United Kingdom's defences, the need for clarification of the uses to which the bases can be put by United States forces remains.

Försvarsmakten har nyligen ersatt värnplikten med ett personalförsörjningssystem där gruppbefäl och soldater anställs på samma villkor som på den civila arbetsmarknaden. En oväntad konsekvens av detta är en oönskat hög personalomsättning inom denna anställningskategori. Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga faktorer som bidrar till intentionen att stanna kvar i eller lämna sin anställning hos kategorin gruppbefäl och soldater i Försvarsmakten. Ett konceptuellt ramverk utvecklades med grunden i den klassiska tvåfaktormodellen för arbetstillfredsställelse av Frederick Herzberg kombinerat med ett perspektiv på personalomsättning baserat på intentioner hos de anställda. Undersökningen har gjorts i form av en casestudie med kvalitativ, intervjubaserad ansats vid en enhet på Livgardet i Stockholm. Resultatet är ett antal olika faktorer som bidrar till de anställdas intentioner att stanna, motivationsfaktorer, och ett antal olika faktorer som bidrar till de anställdas intentioner att lämna sin anställning, hygienfaktorer. Motivationsfaktorerna som identifierades var: personlig utveckling, engagemang från chefer, erkännande & feedback, arbetsuppgifter samt gemenskap. Hygienfaktorerna var: ledarskap (inkluderat värnpliktstänk och kommunikation), arbetsgivarrollen, planering & ovisshet, arbetsmiljö samt övriga faktorer. Dessa faktorer stämde överlag överens med det konceptuella ramverket och tidigare studier, samt gav en fördjupad bild av fenomenet. / The Swedish Armed Forces have recently introduced an organisational change which entailed that squad leaders and soldiers are employed under the same contractual conditions that exist in the civilian job market. An unexpected consequence of this change has been an undesirable level of employee turnover within this occupational category, largely due to employees choosing to terminate their employment before the fulfilment of their contracted time. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study was to uncover and map out factors that contribute to employees intentions to leave or to continue in their employment as squad leaders and soldiers within the Swedish Armed Forces. A conceptual framework was developed based on the classic two-factor model for job satisfaction presented by Frederick Herzberg combined with an intention-based perspective on the phenomenon employee turnover. The study utilised a qualitative, interview-based approach for a case study of a unit within the Lifeguard Regiment based in Stockholm, Sweden. The study yielded a set of factors that are indicated as contributing to the employees’ intentions to stay, herein termed motivational factors, and a different set of factors that are suggested to contribute to the employees’ intentions to leave, herein termed hygiene factors. The set of motivational factors were identified as personal development, manager engagement, acknowledgement & feedback, work tasks, and community & camaraderie. The set of hygiene factors were identified as leadership (including subcategories conscription attitude and communication), the employer role, planning & uncertainty, work environment, and other factors. Overall the results were consistent with previous findings, and also offered a more in-depth view of the phenomenon.

This study was conducted to estabilish the validity of the Turkish Armed Forces Personality Battery (TAFPB) in selecting Turkish Air Force Academy (TAFA) cadets. Before the data collection some items of TAFPB were made suitable for the TAFA cadets by SME&rsquo / s. Data were collected from first, second and third year students on TAFPB, 16 PF, psychomotor scores and objective and subjective performance measures. The data of 647 TAFA cadets were evaluated. The correlation matrixes, means and SD&rsquo / S of this study is found consistent with the TAFPB applications of Sumer et al. (2000) and Kale (2004) in military settings. TAFPB is face valid because of the common aims of TAFA and TAFPB, selecting ideal officer. TAFPB is content valid because all traits are determined by using job analysis and the relevance and importance of the traits are scored by SME&rsquo / s. Criterion-related validity was measured by analysing the correlations of TAFPB with objective (academic and sport score) and subjective (commander evaluation, flight, military score) performance. Correlations, and a series of regressions pointed out that TAFPB predicts significantly objective performance. TAFPB has incremental validity over 16 PF and BSI in explaining objective performance. The source and class variances were compared by ANOVA. Cadets from military source had significantly higher scores on 11 factors of TAFPB and on performance factors. Moreover they got significantly low scores on BSI. Military high school graduates seems more preferable by selecting cadets. To conclude, TAFPB is a valid test for TAFA.

<p>The paper focuses specifically on the South African Military Aerospace Industry as most of the weapons procured under the arms deal were military aircraft. Taking into account the numerous social needs of South Africa, the purpose of this paper is to inter alia try to establish the rationale behind the South African government's decision to to purchase an array of military weapons from foreign suppliers at an initial cost of almost thirty billion rand. In order to gain a better undrstanding of the topic, the author gives a brief overview and history of the South African Aerospace industry.Furthermore, an examination of the politics of the transition from apartheid to democracy and how this affected the aeropace industry is given.</p>

This thesis shows that the doctrine of Active Defence has been the overriding concern of the PLA since 1950 and not any form of People’s War. Active Defence is based on three basic principles: no provocation of other nations; no bases anywhere on foreign soil; and no seizure of territory. The PLA’s articulated doctrine in the 1950s was to ‘Protect the North and Defend the South’. In the 1960s this changed to ‘Lure the Enemy Deep into the Country’ in order to crush him with ‘People’s War’. In the 1970s, this became ‘Prepare to Fight Early and Fight Big’. By using examples of the PLA in battle this thesis shows how the doctrine changed in light of failures in battle. The post-Mao reorganisation of the PLA to rectify these faults turned it into a modern military force, building on this legacy by transforming itself into a hardened and networked military. The PLA has now reached a stage of its history where it can fully implement its operational art that took root in the theories espoused in the 1920s and 1930s through the Soviet model, and tried to be implemented in the 1950s and 1960s only to be thwarted by the Cultural Revolution. The People’s Liberation Army’s operational art, this thesis demonstrates, has now come of age.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 411-435).

Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Jones, L.R. Second Reader: McCaffery, Jerry L. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 24, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Department Of Defense, Military Budgets, National Security, Theses, USSR, Eastern Europe, Military Forces (United States), NATO, Perestroika, Post Cold War Era. Author(s) subject terms: NATO, U.S. DOD Budget, Perestroika, Glasnost, Eastern Europe. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-126). Also available in print.