Ce travail avait pour objectif d’étudier les effets de l’uranium sur le budget énergétique et la dynamique de population d’un micro-crustacé représentatif des écosystèmes aquatiques d’eau douce, Daphnia magna. L’étude expérimentale de la toxicité de l’uranium sur la physiologie (nutrition, respiration) et l’histoire de vie (survie, croissance, reproduction) deD. magna a été réalisée au travers d’expositions sur une, deux ou trois générations successives(F0, F1, F2), commencées avec des néonates issus de 1ère ou 5ème ponte, à des concentrations de0, 10, 25 et 75 μgU.L-1. Les résultats ont mis en évidence l’aggravation des effets au travers des générations (en partie liée à l’exposition des daphnies pendant l’embryogénèse) et la sensibilité plus forte des individus issus de 1ère ponte. Des réductions significatives des taux d’assimilation mesurés par méthode de marquage-traçage au 14C de la nourriture nous ont permis d’identifier un effet sur l’assimilation comme mode d’action de l’uranium, en accord avec les altérations importantes de la structure de la paroi du tube digestif révélées par microscopie optique.L’intégration des résultats dans un modèle de budget énergétique (DEBtox) a abouti à l’estimation de concentrations seuil sans effet (NEC) de 9.37, 8.21 et 2.31 μgU.L-1 au-delà desquelles le fonctionnement de l’organisme est altéré dans les générations F0, F1 et F2,respectivement. La combinaison du DEBtox avec des modèles matriciels a permis d’extrapoler les conséquences sur le taux de croissance asymptotique de la population (λ), critère plus pertinent dans un contexte écologique. Les simulations ont prédit une augmentation de l’impact de l’uranium au travers des générations avec une réduction de λ dans F0 et une extinction des populations pour des concentrations de 51-59 μgU.L-1 dans F1 et de 39-41 μgU.L-1 dans F2. Les simulations ont souligné l’importance de prendre en considération les individus les plus sensibles dans la détermination de la réponse des populations. / This work aimed to study effects of uranium on energy budget and population dynamicsin Daphnia magna a representative microcrustacean of freshwater ecosystems. An experimentalstudy of uranium toxicity on physiology (nutrition, respiration) and life history (survival, growthand reproduction) of D. magna was carried out, based on exposures over one, two or threesuccessive generations (F0, F1 and F2) started with neonates from 1st or 5th brood, at 0, 10, 25and 75 μgU.L-1. Results showed that toxic effects increased across generations (partially due todaphnid exposure during embryogenesis) and that individuals from 1st brood were moresensitive than individuals from 5th brood. Significant reductions in assimilation rates, measuredusing a radiotracing method with 14C-labelled food, allowed us to identify an effect onassimilation as the mode of action for uranium, in agreement with important damages in theintegrity of intestinal epithelium observed by optic microscopy. Integrating results in a dynamicenergy budget model (DEBtox) yielded estimated no effect concentrations (NEC) of 9.37, 8.21and 2.31 μgU.L-1 above which organism functions were altered in generations F0, F1 and F2,respectively. Combining DEBtox with matrix models allowed us to extrapolate consequences onasymptotic population growth rate (λ), a relevant endpoint in an ecological context. Simulationspredicted an increase in uranium impact across generations with reduction of λ in F0 andpopulation extinctions at 51-59 μgU.L-1 in F1 and 39-41 μgU.L-1 in F2. Simulations emphasizedthe importance of considering the most sensitive individuals while determining populationresponse

Le potentiel de l’assimilation d’un type d’observation pour la prévision hydrologique a été démontré dans certaines études. Cependant, le potentiel de l’assimilation simultanée de plusieurs types d’observations a été peu validé, particulièrement pour les données comprenant une information sur la neige au sol. De plus, l’amplitude et la durée de l’impact de l’assimilation de données peuvent dépendre du type de données assimilé, ainsi que du contenu du vecteur d’état employé pour mettre à jour les variables ou les paramètres du modèle hydrologique. La présente thèse examine l’impact de l’assimilation de données multivariées en fonction du type de données assimilé et du contenu du vecteur d’état pour la prévision hydrologique à court terme (horizon de prévision jusqu’à 5 jours) et moyen terme (horizon de prévision entre 25 et 50 jours). Le filtre de Kalman d’ensemble est employé pour assimiler les observations de l’équivalent en eau de la neige à trois endroits sur le bassin versant de la rivière Nechako, ainsi que le débit à l’exutoire, dans le modèle hydrologique CEQUEAU. Les scénarios d’assimilation sont premièrement testés dans un cadre synthétique afin d’identifier les variables les plus susceptibles à l’assimilation des données pour la prévision hydrologique. La robustesse des scénarios d’assimilation de données est ensuite testée en introduisant un biais sur les précipitations solides. Finalement, les observations réelles sont assimilées pour vérifier l’impact réel des scénarios pour la prévision hydrologique. Les résultats montrent une amélioration variable des prévisions hydrologiques en fonction des scénarios selon plusieurs critères de performance mesurant l’exactitude, le biais et la représentativité de l’incertitude représentée par les prévisions d’ensemble. L’assimilation du débit pour la mise à jour des variables améliore principalement les prévisions à court terme, tandis que l’impact de la mise à jour de certains paramètres persiste à moyen terme. L’assimilation de l’équivalent en eau de la neige améliore les prévisions à court et moyen terme, principalement pendant la période de fonte de neige. Pour la plupart des scénarios, l’assimilation simultanée du débit et de l’équivalent en eau de la neige surpasse l’assimilation des données individuellement. Ces résultats sont cohérents entre les cadres synthétique et réel.

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This thesis deals with the transformation of the Jewish settlement in the Jindřichův Hradec region, which occurred due to the release of restriction laws in 1848. On the example of the Jewish communities in Jindřichův Hradec, Kardašova Řečice, Staré Město pod Landštejnem and Nová Bystřice is sketched the development in which the Jewish society in the region was proceeding. For each community are described oldest references of Jewish settlement, characteristic settlement in the 18th and 19 century based on the analysis of registers of Jews and eventually development of the community after 1848. The final chapter examines the process and the degree of assimilation of each community to the Czech nation.

Master of Arts / Department of Communication Studies / Sarah Riforgiate / Internships provide students with valuable learning experiences in their chosen fields. Considering that one of the most important components of students’ learning experiences during an internship is learning how to socialize and assimilate into organizational settings, an internship stage model should be able to account for this particular process – organizational assimilation. This study contends that existing internship stage models overlap and can be enhanced by organizational assimilation theory (Jablin, 1987). Therefore, this qualitative study includes data from 13 semi-structured interviews with students who participated in formal internships in order to explore students’ assimilation experiences during the course of their internships. Additionally, how interns view the host organization’s identity and its impact on their assimilation experience was examined. Findings indicate that students are more adaptive to socialization than individualization in terms of their responsibilities and roles during organizational assimilation. Further, the concept of organizational identity was so complex and intricate that students could not grasp their host organizations’ identity during the course of their internships; instead, through their organizational assimilation experience, participants learned the culture of the organizations.

Thesis advisor: Gustavo Morello / This qualitative study of female English language learners living in the greater Boston area investigates the relationship which exists between social networks, English language learning, and immigrant assimilation. Understanding that social networks are important for immigrant assimilation because of the social capital they provide (Portes and Zhou, 1993), this study aims to understand how immigrant women with limited English proficiency build social networks in the United States, both with immigrants and native-born citizens of the United States. Data analysis shows that English language learning plays an pivotal role in the formation of social networks both with other immigrants and with native-born citizens, and that immigrant networks are ultimately more beneficial because they are more accessible. As immigration policies in the United States continue to change, it is important to study the changing needs and experiences of immigrants. There is a need for the greater Boston area to provide more spaces for interaction between immigrants and Americans to facilitate the formation of social networks and exchange of social capital between the two groups. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

Organisation socialisation is the process by which an individual acquires the attitudes, behaviour, and knowledge she or he needs to participate as an organisation member (Van Maanen & Schein, 1979). During socialisation, organisations seek to mould new employees to fit its needs and employees attempt to define acceptable work roles for themselves within the organisation (Fisher, 1986). Several scholars believe that an important way in which socialisation occurs is through social interactions between newcomers and „insiders‟ or more experienced members of their organisation (Feldman, 1981; Louis, 1990; Reichers, 1987). Relationships might be important, but little is known about the types of relationship patterns that are most conducive to effective socialisation (Morrison, 2002). This research will view the socialisation process from the perspective of social network structure and examine the effect of the relationships on socialisation outcomes.

Thesis advisor: Hiroshi Nakazato / Since initial contact between white settlers and Australian Aborigines began in the late 18th century the Aboriginal population has been exploited, abused, and controlled by governmental authorities. The two policies which dominated government approach to the Aboriginal population in the past were biological absorption and cultural assimilation. Through examining what caused such a massive shift in Aboriginal policy it is clear that events and their outcomes affect the ideas, beliefs, and worldviews of policymakers, activists, and the public. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: International Studies.

Thesis advisor: Thomas O'Hare / Depression in adolescence is associated with a number of negative consequences, including low school achievement, substance abuse, increased risk of later major depression, and suicide. Adolescent children of immigrants are arguably at greater risk of depression than their native counterparts, due to greater likelihood of migration-related stress, a minority racial/ethnic background, lower socioeconomic status, and lower proficiency in the host society language. Informed by theories of assimilation and social network theory, this study examines the contribution of assimilation, sociodemographic factors, and social supports to depressive symptoms in immigrant and native United States adolescents. Nationally representative data on United States adolescents from Waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 4,263) are analyzed. Results demonstrate immigrant adolescents report significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and more risk factors for depression than their native peers. However, hierarchical regression analysis shows generational status ceases to be a significant correlate of depressive symptoms when age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and home language are controlled. Mediation analysis shows unique relationships between control variables, social supports, and depressive symptoms. Findings are in accordance with social network theory, but challenge assimilation theories premised on the assumption that immigrants face unique migration related challenges that are overcome through generations. Findings support adolescent children of immigrants and native children share common non-migratory related risk factors of depressive symptoms, and adolescent children of immigrants are at greater likelihood of experiencing these risk factors. Practice and policy implications are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work. / Discipline: Social Work.

O presente trabalho se propõe a realizar uma análise histórica que nos possibilite interrogar quais são as condições de produção e reprodução de certos modelos (idéias e práticas) sobre o que se instituiu denominar a questão racial brasileira. O objetivo deste trabalho é mapear a proliferação de uma série de discursos em torno da construção de um projeto nacional e civilizatório que teve como eixo principal a produção de um discurso racializado, ou seja, discutir de que modo certos fatores permitiram engendrar a produção de uma estranheza eficaz a partir da criação do que convencionamos chamar de elemento negro, constituindo-se como o representante mais eficaz desse espaço social destinado a demarcar um lugar de estranhamento (o outro como perigoso, anormal, diferente etc.). Utilizando como recurso analítico principal os trabalhos de Raimundo Nina Rodrigues e da Escola Baiana de Antropologia, discutimos como esse saber acadêmico possibilitou a formulação de um modelo psicofísico de explicação sobre a degeneração da raça brasileira. Mais tarde este modelo seria substituído por uma estratégia mais englobante, o que pode ser verificado pela aplicação dos conceitos de cultura ou aculturação, e mesmo pelo emprego dos modernos conceitos psicanalíticos. O nosso propósito consistiu em analisar a produção de certas práticas sociais: a constituição de uma ciência médico-psicológica; a difusão de certas opiniões a respeito do elemento negro através da imprensa e da literatura; a constituição jurídica do cidadão negro em decorrência da implementação de uma discussão política e legislativa pré e pós-abolicionista que se produziram em torno da construção de um projeto nacional e civilizatório e que tiveram como eixo principal a produção do elemento negro como personagem principal desse novo enredo: uma ortodoxia da cor. Optamos por discutir o processo de formação do Brasil e do brasileiro em finais do século XIX e início do século XX (período compreendido entre as décadas de 1870 e 1930), a partir das rupturas provocadas pelo iminente processo abolicionista. / This work aims at performing a historical analysis towards questioning the production and reproduction conditions of certain models (ideas and practices) regarding what become to be known as the Brazilian race problem. The purpose of this work is the mapping of the proliferation of various discourses regarding the construction of a national and civilized project whose backbone was the formation of a racial speech. In other words, we want to discuss how certain factors contributed to the engineering of an \"efficient strangeness\" derived from the creation of the so-called black element. This element turned out to be the most efficient representative of the social space designated to determine a strangeness locale (the other as dangerous, abnormal, different, etc). We discussed, based primarily on the research works of Raimundo Nina Rodrigues and of the Escola Baiana de Antropologia, the means by which such an academic knowledge facilitated the formulation of an explicatory psychophysical model for the degeneration of the Brazilian race. This model was subsequently generalized, which can be verified by concepts of culture or \"acculturations\", as well as by modern psychoanalytical concepts. Our proposal was to analyze the production of certain social practices: the constitution of a medico-psychology science; the diffusion of certain opinions regarding the black element through the press and the literature; and the judicial constitution of the black citizen. These practices were the result of the implementation of pre- and post-abolitionist legislative and political discussions inspired by a national and civil project whose backbone was the production of the black element as the principal character of this new script: the orthodoxy of color. We opted to focus our discussion on the formation process of Brazil and of the Brazilian between the final decades of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century (between 1870 and 1930), characterized by the ruptures aggravated by the imminent abolitionist process.