This thesis explores the subject of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan and assimilation between 1895 and 1945. It examines the overall nature of Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan through its colonial policies, followed by a review of the history of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan, the investigation of the Japanese colonial position on language education and assimilation, the establishment of the implementation of Japanese language education in Taiwan in areas of teaching methodologies and textbook compilation, and the determination of the effects of Japanese language education on assimilation in Taiwan. The thesis further seeks to determine the link between a Taiwanese identity and the Taiwanese who were ruled and educated under Japanese colonial rule. The views of both the elite and common Taiwanese who lived through the colonial era are examined.The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis whether Japanese colonial education in Taiwan achieved assimilation among the Taiwanese as claimed by Japanese colonial authorities. Through the official facts and figures provided by Japanese colonial authorities, they seemed to prove a successful case of assimilation among the Taiwanese. However, through close scrutiny of these official facts and figures and reality backed up by the oral accounts of the Taiwanese and conscientious observations by the Japanese, it is found that the claims made by Japanese colonial authorities in the case of assimilation through Japanese language education are highly contestable. By interviewing those who experienced Japanese language education during the colonial period, further insights into the formation of post-colonial Taiwanese identities are gained. This study contributes to studies on Taiwans subsequent socio-linguistic developments in the post-colonial period.

Abstract not available

This study seeks to determine the reasons for the departure of New Zealand-born Samoans from a South Auckland traditional Samoan Seventh-day Adventist church. The concept of SURVIVAL: Exposure, Exit, and Reinvestment Model is used to explain the two factors instrumental in these young people's decisions to depart from the church. The first factor, which is a push factor, is the atmosphere at church, or what I refer to in this study as exposure. The second factor, which is a pull factor, involves the benefits of reinvesting their time and talents in other churches or in other non-church related activities. The results of this study strongly indicate that the church atmosphere was neither conducive nor promising, but very antagonistic to developing New Zealand-born Samoan young people's spiritual and social journeys. Consequently, the situation at church made these young people look elsewhere for social and spiritual survival. An analysis of the data suggests that the church can reverse the problem of departure by putting in place an active and effective system whereby the concerns and ideas of New Zealand-born Samoans as well as other youths are shared, heard, and rightly understood by the elders and the leadership of the church.

In this dissertation I explore the impact that language-migration has on Self-Identity. The thesis consists of two parts: a memoir The Strangeness of Freedom, and an exegesis. Each is intended to stand alone, but also to complement the other. In the memoir I draw on my personal recollections of my family's migrations across five countries (Czechoslovakia, West Germany, USA and Australia) and into three languages (Czech, German and English) in order to convey my particular experience of language migration. In the exegesis I analyse several memoirs written by other language migrants and examine what impact they believe migrating into a new language and culture had on their own Self-identity. I draw on postmodern and psychoanalytic theory to explore the nature of Self-Identity formation and why migrants, as well as non-migrants might experience a change in their Self-identity during the course of their lives. I attempt to tease out to what extent the change in Self-identity is a universal experience that results from living across time and moving from a known past into an unknown future, regardless of whether one physically migrates or not. I found that while language-migrants tend to describe a more intense disruption of their Self-Identity, non-migrants also experience such a disruption in their sense of Self, simply by living in a rapidly changing world. I propose that while changing locations and languages clearly disrupts the continuity we presume life entails, it is in fact the passage of time that distances us from our known past, including our familiar Self, even if we never physically or linguistically migrate.

La géostatistique spatio-temporelle traditionnelle n'est pas en mesure de décrire adéquatement la dynamique, en général fortement non-linéaire, de processus spatio-temporels multivariables. Pour cela des modèles de transport physico-chimiques sont en général bien mieux adaptés. Cependant, étant donné que ces derniers ne maîtrisent pas totalement la complexité des processus qu'ils cherchent à décrire, soit parce qu'ils sont basés sur des hypothèses simplificatrices, soit parce que l'information servant à établir les conditions initiales et aux limites est imparfaite, il est opportun d'introduire des techniques statistiques servant à les guider pour assimiler un flot de mesures émanant de capteurs automatiques. Des projets récents au Centre de Géostatistique de l'Ecole des Mines de Paris ont permis d'explorer l'application de ces techniques dans le domaine de l'océanographie et en pollution de l'air. Il s'est très vite avéré que la géostatistique offrait des concepts et des approches qui pouvaient contribuer à enrichir les techniques d'Assimilation Séquentielle de Données. La thèse de Laurent Bertino et des publications ultérieures ont permis de développer cette thématique porteuse, dont la présente synthèse établit un compte-rendu.

En assimilation de données, les modèles de corrélation permettent de caractériser les structures d'erreurs pour les variables définies sur une grille numérique. L'équation de diffusion fournit un cadre flexible et efficace pour représenter des fonctions de corrélation pour des problèmes de grande dimension tels que ceux rencontrés en assimilation variationnelle pour l'atmosphère ou l'océan. Dans cette thèse, une formulation implicite est d'abord étudiée en détail en dimension un (1D). On montre qu'intégrer une équation de diffusion implicite à coefficient constant sur M pas de temps est équivalent à convoluer la condition initiale à une fonction autorégressive (AR) d'ordre M. L'échelle de corrélation de la fonction AR et le facteur de normalisation requis pour générer une amplitude égale à 1 sont donnés en fonction du coefficient de diffusion et de M. Des extensions du modèle de diffusion permettant aux fonctions de corrélation de ne pas être affectées par les frontières, et tenant compte de variations des échelles sont décrites. Une approximation des facteurs de normalisation est alors proposée. Des produits d'opérateurs de diffusion implicite 1D sont ensuite utilisés pour construire des modèles de corrélation en dimension deux et trois pour des configurations globales d'un système d'assimilation variationnelle pour le modèle océanique NEMO. Leurs performances sont comparées au modèle de diffusion explicite existant, et des exemples de structures de corrélation où les échelles sont soit paramétrées, soit issues d'une méthode d'ensemble, sont montrés. Enfin, les performances de différentes techniques de normalisation sont comparées.

<p>This paper addresses the expectation that immigrants will assimilate into the culture of their new country, why that expectation may be legitimate and how the modern state may act upon it. The central contention made is that because a national culture provides meaning and structure to the lives of members, and because that culture must be both traditional and institutionalized by the state to fulfill that purpose, if the state’s institutions, processes and procedures through their association with the national culture create an assimilative pressure on immigrants, this is morally permissible. However, the modern state is restricted from actively pursuing assimilation in the private sphere because of its commitment to individual liberty. Implications of this argument for the nature of citizenship and public policy are also discussed.</p>

<p>The purpose of this essay is to examine sfi (Swedish for immigrants), which is an ingrational-political tool with objective of teaching immigrants to read and write in Swedish. With the use of critical discourse analysis we examine the discursive practices within sfi. We also examine our methodological and theoretical approaches, and our application of them. Our research questions are as follows:</p><p>• How are the discursive usage of “person centered” and “society centered” expressions being used?</p><p>• How well does our methodological and theoretical resources work?</p><p>In our theoretical viewpoint we use “post colonial theory”, which is a perspective concerned with global power relations seen from a historical perspective. Colonialism, in this view, still continues to determine the course of the world and cultural identity formation even after it has formally ended. According to our second theoretical viewpoint, “Governmentality”, the focus of analysis concerns differing forms of control. The shift from the state to the individual is of special interest.</p><p>The results of the analysis show that the integrational-political discourse order within sfi seems to be fragile. We also find that “person centered” expressions are more frequent than “society centered” ones.</p><p>The results also show that our theoretical and methodological resources are bound with certain difficulties. Firstly, critical discourse analysis has been found to be inadequate with regard to our empirical material. It was first when we applied Ulrich Becks theory regarding individualization that the discursive practice became comprehensible in a larger context. Secondly, our results showed that governmentality was problematic in the context in which it was used.</p>

Accurate prediction of Tropical Cyclones (TC) is vital for the protection of life and property in areas that are prone to their destructive forces. While significant improvements have been made in forecasting TC track, intensity remains a challenge. It is hypothesized that accurate TC intensity forecast requires, among other things, an adequate initial description of their inner-core region. Therefore, there must be reliable observations of the inner-core area of the TC and effective data assimilation (DA) methods to ingest these data into the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. However, these requirements are seldom met at the relatively low resolution of operational global prediction models and the lack of routine observations assimilated in the TC inner-core. This study tests the impacts of assimilating inner-core Airborne Doppler Radar (ADR) winds on the initial structure and subsequent intensity forecast of Hurricane Ike (2008). The 4-dimensional variational (4DVar) and the 3-dimensional variational (3DVar) methods are used to perform DA while the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to perform forecasts. It is found that assimilating data helps to initialize a more realistic inner-core structure using both DA methods. Additionally, the resulting short-term and long-term intensity forecasts are more accurate when data is assimilated versus cases when there is no DA. Additionally, it is found that in some cases the impact of DA lasts up to 12 hours longer with 4DVar versus 3DVar. It is shown that this is because the flow-dependent 4DVar method produces more dynamically and balanced analysis increments compared to the static and isotropic increments of 3DVar. However, the impact of using both methods is minimal in the long-range. The analyses show that at longer forecast range the dynamics of hurricane Ike was influenced more by outer environment features than the inner-core winds.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1948. / Typescript. Title from title screen (viewed Mar. 22, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-128). Online version of the print original.