Com o desenvolvimento e barateamento dos equipamentos de aquisição de imagens, principalmente na área médica, tem sido geradas muitas imagens, as quais devem ser analisadas pelos especialistas. Esta tarefa pode ser muitas vezes cansativa e demorada, levando a possíveis erros no diagnóstico, pois a leitura das imagens depende da experiência e do estado físico e emocional do médico. Assim, sistemas de auxílio ao diagnóstico por computador (Computer-aided diagnosis - CAD) têm se tornado grandes aliados no processo de diagnóstico, realizando uma segunda leitura da imagem, servindo como uma segunda opinião ao especialista. Por isso, é necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas de mineração de imagens para o aumento da precisão e da velocidade da análise das imagens. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver métodos de representação de imagens e de classificação associativa para aumentar a precisão da classificação de sistemas de auxílio ao diagnóstico médico por imagens. Para a representação de imagens foram desenvolvidas técnicas para reduzir a lacuna que há entre a representação numérica das imagens e seu significado semântico, a qual é chamada de `gap semântico\'. Para isso, foi usada a teoria das redes complexas para modelar as imagens em redes livres de escala, e os descritores das imagens foram compostos pelas medidas topológicas extraídas rede modelada. Os vetores de características gerados foram bem compactos, o que possibilitou também evitar o problema da `maldição da alta dimensionalidade\'. Para a classificação, foi desenvolvido o classificador associativo SACMiner, por meio do uso de regras de associação estatísticas, o qual evita a fase de discretização de dados, lidando diretamente com dados contínuos. Este foi um passo importante, já que a discretização pode causar a perda de informações e gerar inconsistência na base de dados. Além do SACMiner, foi desenvolvido o classificador MinSAR, o qual, além de não demandar a fase de discretização, também evita que o usuário tenha que fornecer parâmetros de entrada ao algoritmo responsável por gerar as regras. As técnicas até aqui listadas foram aplicadas em um sistema de auxílio ao diagnóstico de mama e comparadas com técnicas descritas na literatura, e os resultados mostram que as técnicas aqui propostas sobrepujaram as atuais da literatura. E por fim, foram sugeridas novas medidas para caracterizar imagens de pacientes com epilepsia no lobo temporal mesial, por meio do uso de medidas de espessura cortical, as quais melhoraram a precisão do sistema para este tipo de diagnóstico / The complexity of medical images and the high volume of exams per radiologist in a screening program can lead to a scenario prone to mistakes. Hence, it is important to inforce double reading and effective analysis, but those are costly measures. The computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology offers an alternative to double reading, because it can provide a computer output as a `second opinion\' to assist radiologists in interpreting images. Using this technology, the accuracy and consistency of radiological diagnoses can be improved, and also the image reading time can be reduced. Therefore, the need of classification and image representation methods and to speed-up and to assist the radiologists in the image analysis task has been increased. These methods must be more accurate and demand low computational cost, in order to provide a timely answer to the physician. The aim of this thesis was to developed image representation and associative classifiers methods to improve the classification of computer-aided diagnosis systems. Considering the image representation, in this work, we present some approaches to reduce the gap between the numeric representation of the images and their semantic, which is called `semantic gap\'. For this, we used the complex network theory to produce an image model based on scale-free networks. The image descriptors were composed of topological measures of the modeled network. The feature vectors produced were quite compact, which also allowed to avoid the problem called as `curse of dimensionality\'. Considering the classification task, we proposed the SACMiner classifier, which uses statistical association rules in order to avoid the discretization step when working with continuous attributes. It is important because the discretization step can disturb the dataset and cause lost of information. We also proposed de MinSAR classifier, which mines the rules not requiring a discretization step neither input thresholds, as most of the other association rules methods do. These approaches were applied in a breast cancer computer-aided diagnosis system. And finally, we developed an automatic technique which can aid in distinguishing between controls and patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, based on cortical thickness, and potentially identifying abnormalities in tissue integrity in cases where atrophy cannot be visualized

[pt] Esta pesquisa reflete sobre a questão do fundamento - onto-teológico-político - do Estado em Edith Stein na contemporaneidade, sob a perspectiva da teologia latino-americana. Partindo do método fenomenológico-historiobiográfico, optamos por realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico, que reuniu a história pessoal e os escritos de Edith Stein, em diálogo com seus mestres e estudos histórico-críticos do Estado na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, ordenamos, comparamos e examinamos, com recurso à poética sertaneja. Para Edith Stein, a pessoa humana - o eu consciente e livre - é composta por um corpo vivente [Leibgestalt], uma psique [Seele] e um espírito [Geist]. No seio do mundo, o eu consciente e livre vive de modo particular, mas ligado a uma estrutura universal. Por meio do ato sui generis da entropatia [Einfuhlung], vivencia o eu, o tu - via de acesso ao ser eterno - e o nós. Na base do Estado, identificamos três modos de vida associativa: massa, sociedade [Gesellschaft] e comunidade [Gemeinschaft]. Na visão orgânica do Estado, deparamo-nos com os aspectos espiritual [soberania], psíquico [povo] e corpóreo [território], o que nos fez saber que o Estado necessita de um território do mesmo modo que a pessoa humana carece de um corpo para viver. Para fins do seu fundamento onto-teológico-político, o Estado reclama para si uma comunidade estatal, por ser o único modo de vida associativa capaz de abarcar a pessoa humana na sua totalidade existencial. Nos escritos de Edith Stein, a soberania - condicio sine qua non - está para o Estado assim como a liberdade está para a pessoa humana. Intersubjetivamente, a comunidade estatal insere-se na humanidade. Entropaticamente, a Igreja pretende ser a comunidade que abarca a comunidade estatal e toda a humanidade. / [en] This research reflects on the issue of the onto-theological-political foundation of the State in Edith Stein in contemporaneity, from the perspective of Latin American theology. Based on the phenomenological-historiobiographical method, we chose to conduct a qualitative bibliographical research that brought together Edith Stein s personal history and writings, in dialogue with her masters and historical-critical studies regarding the State in contemporaneity. For this purpose, we ordered, compared and examined, using poetry [poética sertaneja]. For Edith Stein, the human person - the conscious and free self - is composed of a living body [Leibgestalt], a psyche [Seele] and a spirit [Geist]. We exist in a particular way, but linked to a universal structure. Through the sui generis act of entropathy [Einfuhlung], you experience the self, the other - the access way to the eternal being - and the us. At the base of the State, we identify three associative ways of life: mass, society [Gesellschaft], and community [Gemeinschaft]. In the organic view of the State, we are faced with the following aspects: spiritual [sovereignty], psychic [people] and corporeal [territory], which made us know that the State needs a territory in the same way that the human person needs for itself a body to live. For the purposes of its onto-theological-political foundation, the State claims for itself a state community for having proved to be the only associative way of life capable of embracing the human person in its existential wholeness. In Edith Stein s writings, sovereignty - condicio sine qua non - is to the State as freedom is to the human person. Intersubjectively, the state community fits into humanity. Entropathically, the Church intends to be the community that embraces the state community and all humanity.

This master’s thesis concerns about the use of data mining techniques in banking, insurance and shopping centres industries. The thesis theoretically describes algorithms and methodology CRISP-DM dedicated to data mining processes. With usage of theoretical knowledge and methods, the thesis suggests possible solution for various industries within business intelligence processes.

Comment le cerveau intègre-t-il toutes les informations sensorielles qu'il reçoit en une perception cohérente de l'environnement ? Cette intrigante et importante question en neuroscience n’est pas élucidée et a inspiré ce travail de thèse. Plus précisément, mon objectif a été d’étudier les modifications cérébrales induites par l’apprentissage d’une association entre un son et une odeur. Inhabituelle chez l’homme, hormis dans l’alimentation, cette association est pourtant fréquente chez l’animal, pour la détection de prédateurs par exemple. Mais sons et odeurs permettent surtout d'étudier les mécanismes cérébraux nécessaires à l'association entre deux sens très différents : le système auditif traite l’information en temps réel tandis que le système olfactif est lent et rythmé par la respiration. Ce travail de thèse était centré autour de la question suivante : comment le cerveau traite-t-il les interactions multisensorielles audio-olfactives ? En enregistrant l’activité de potentiel de champs local de plusieurs structures cérébrales chez des rats en train d’apprendre cette association, nous avons pu mettre en évidence un potentiel rôle des oscillations neuronales béta (15-35 Hz), dans le traitement et la mise en mémoire des différentes informations sensorielles. Ces oscillations représenteraient un lien fonctionnel entre aires cérébrales distantes, permettant l’intégration et l’association d'informations de natures très différentes. / Multisensory interactions are constantly present in our everyday life and allow a unified representation of environment. Cross modal integration is often studied in multisensory associative brain regions, but recent findings suggest that most of the brain could be multisensory. But at this time, we still don’t know how the brain deals with information from different sensory systems. In this project, we want to understand whether the establishment of neuronal oscillations can functionally connect sensory regions and take part of the multisensory integration, and how this connection is built up by learning. For this, we examine changes in the cortical network involved in the acquisition of a multisensory association between a sound and an odor in rats through the analysis of the local field potentials’ oscillations The originality of the project is to sample a large network of brain structures including primary sensory cortex (primary auditory cortex, olfactory bulb) and multimodal areas towards which converge these two senses: the piriform and perirhinal cortices. We have developed a behavioral GO/NO GO test in which the rat must combine simultaneous auditory and olfactory informations to succeed. Data and brain signals obtained in this task suggest that the power of oscillations in beta frequency band within the olfactory areas and the coherences of oscillations between these areas are modified by the multisensory learning.

The results of the laboratory study of reaction rate coefficients of several ion- molecule reactions with atomic and molecular hydrogen and molecular deuterium at low temperatures are presented in the thesis. The reaction rate coefficients of the N+ and H+ reaction with H2 were measured with respect to the nuclear spin configuration and rotational excitation of H2. The reactions of anions were a subject of the isotope exchange and isotope effect study. The measurements of the rate coefficients of H2O and D2O formation in the reaction of O- with H2 and D2, isotope exchange reactions OH- + D2 and OD- + H2, and associative detachment and charge transfer channels of D- + H interaction were performed. Experiments were carried out using an AB-22PT instrument with an ion trap. It has producing, guiding, trapping, and detecting systems for ions and a separate source of atomic H. The cooling system allowed to measure the temperature dependencies of the reaction rate coefficients at temperatures relevant to astrochemistry (10 K - 300 K)

El banano orgánico es el cuarto cultivo más importante del mundo y las exportaciones peruanas de esta fruta representan aproximadamente el 3% de la producción mundial, siendo la principal región de producción y comercialización Piura que representa el 81% de la producción total. Esta producción está destinada en su totalidad al mercado extranjero y entre los principales mercados esta Europa y Estados Unidos. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar si el modelo asociativo está relacionado con el desempeño exportador de las PYMES exportadoras de banano orgánico de la región Piura durante el periodo 2012 - 2019. Considerando como dimensiones de la variable ‘‘Asociatividad’’ al (i) Financiamiento (ii) Herramientas de Productividad y (iii) Formalidad y a la segunda variable ‘‘Desempeño Exportador’’ a las (i) Ventas de Exportación y (ii) Objetivos Estratégicos’’. Para el desarrollo, se aplicó la técnica de investigación mixta, con un diseño descriptivo correlacional. Así mismo, para la recolección de la información cualitativa se realizó entrevistas semiestructuradas a 14 expertos en el sector bananero orgánico y en asociatividad, dichos entrevistados son representantes de entidades públicas como el MINAGRI, representantes del SENASA, representantes del INIA, consultores externos expertos en producción agrícola, representantes de ADEX y representantes de la Junta Nacional del Banano Orgánico. Estas entrevistas fueron transcritas, codificadas y analizadas en el programa Atlas Ti. En cuanto al desarrollo cuantitativo, se diseñó una encuesta cerrada en escala de Likert, la cual se validó con 3 expertos en el sector y fue resuelta por 12 asociaciones que representan el 63% del total de asociaciones de las cuales se obtuvieron 65 encuestas fueron desarrolladas por presidentes, gerentes, personal administrativo y socios productores, dichas encuestas se analizaron a través del software SPSS. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos a través de la técnica Rho Spearman, se validó que el modelo asociativo está relacionado con el desempeño exportador de las PYMES exportadoras de banano orgánico de la Región Piura durante el periodo 2012 - 2019. / The organic banana is the fourth most important crop in the world and Peruvian exports of this fruit represent approximately 3% of world production, being Piura, the main region of production and commercialization, which represents 81% of total production. This production is destined entirely to the foreign market and among the main markets are Europe and the United States. The main objective of this research is to determine if the associative model is related to the export performance of the organic banana exporting SMEs of the Piura region between the period 2012 - 2019. Considering as dimensions of the variable ''Associativity'' to (i) Financing (ii) Productivity Tools and (iii) Formality and the second variable ''Export Performance'' to (i) Export Sales and (ii) Strategic Objectives. For the development, the mixed research technique was applied, with a correlational transversal design. In order to collect qualitative information, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 experts in the organic banana sector and in associations. These interviewees were representatives of public entities such as MINAGRI, representatives of SENASA, representatives of INIA, external consultants who are experts in agricultural production, representatives of ADEX and representatives of the National Organic Banana Board. These interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed in the Atlas Ti program. With regard to quantitative development, a closed Likert scale survey was designed, which was validated with 3 experts in the sector and was resolved by 12 associations representing 63% of the total number of associations. Sixty-five surveys were carried out by presidents, managers, administrative staff and producer partners, and were analyzed through the SPSS software. Regarding the results obtained through the Rho Spearman technique, it was validated that the associative model is related to the export performance of the organic banana exporting SMEs of the Piura Region between the period 2012 - 2019. / Tesis

This paper inspired by simulation by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) applied recently for evaluation of phonics methodology to teach children "how to read". A novel approach for teaching a mathematical topic using a computer aided learning (CAL) package applied at educational field (a children classroom). Interesting practical results obtained after field application of suggested CAL package with and without associated teacher''s voice. Presented study highly recommends application of a novel teaching trend based on behaviorism and individuals'' learning styles. That is to improve quality of children mathematical learning performance.

A partly (anti-)commutative quiver algebra is a quiver algebra bound by an (anti-)commutativity ideal, that is, a quadratic ideal generated by monomials and (anti-)commutativity relations. We give a combinatorial description of the ideals and the associated generator graphs, from which one can quickly determine if the ideal is admissible or not. We describe the center of a partly (anti-)commutative quiveralgebra and state necessary and sufficient conditions for the center to be finitely genteratedas a K-algebra.Examples are provided of partly (anti-)commutative quiver algebras that are Koszul algebras. Necessary and sufficient conditions for finite generation of the Hochschild cohomology ring modulo nilpotent elements for a partly (anti-)commutative Koszul quiver algebra are given.

No description available.

No description available.