The master's thesis provides a rare insight into the issue of stages of the commission of crime from the perspective of two different legal systems through a comparison of the 40/2009 Coll., Penal Code's and the Model Penal Code's provision on criminal attempt in all its major aspects. The purpose of such comparison is to identify the most important differences between the two approaches, to assess the quality of the Czech Penal Code's arrangement and to consider any de lege ferenda suggestions arising for the Czech Penal Code from the detected distinctions. Such is provided through a thorough analysis of the Czech relevant legal framework, an analysis of the major relevant aspects of the Model Penal Code and a following scrutiny of the differences discovered. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

É importante investigar os atendimentos a pessoas com comportamento suicida, pois uma tentativa de suicídio é o principal preditor de futuro óbito por suicídio. Há uma carência de estudos que analisem sobre o assunto no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os atendimentos relacionados ao comportamento suicida em 2014, em um serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência e fatores associados. Estudo quantitativo, transversal, documental. Foi realizada consulta manual de fichas de atendimento de enfermagem geradas por Unidades de Suporte Básico nas quais estivessem documentados chamados por comportamento suicida no ano de 2014. Os dados foram registrados em roteiros elaborados pelas pesquisadoras e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, testes de correlação e testes de comparação de média. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em pesquisa. Nas 313 fichas analisadas, houve predomínio de mulheres adultas, que tentaram suicídio por intoxicação medicamentosa, na própria residência e foram encaminhadas para um serviço pré-hospitalar de atendimento a urgências. Na maioria das fichas não havia sinais, sintomas ou agravos documentados. As intervenções mais executadas pela enfermagem estiveram relacionadas à monitorização de parâmetros clínicos. Houve diferenças relacionadas ao sexo da vítima e letalidade do comportamento suicida, método da tentativa de suicídio, encaminhamento para serviços de emergência e semestre da ocorrência. As tentativas de suicídio por intoxicação ou por lesões autoprovocadas diferiram em relação ao horário do chamado, tempo de espera pelo atendimento, letalidade, documentação de avaliação clínica e intervenções, encaminhamento para serviços de emergência. Este estudo permitiu o melhor mapeamento das demandas relacionadas ao comportamento suicida, conhecimento relevante para o planejamento dos cuidados de enfermagem e compreensão sobre as competências necessárias para tais atendimentos / It is important to investigate the attendance of people with suicidal behavior, since suicide attempt is the main predictor of future suicide death. There is a lack of studies that analyze on the subject in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the attendances related to suicidal behavior in 2014, in an emergency mobile service and associated factors. Quantitative study, transversal, documentary. A manual consultation of nursing care records generated by Basic Support Units in which they were documented called suicidal behavior in the year 2014. The data were recorded in scripts prepared by the researchers and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, chi-square test , Fisher\'s exact test, correlation tests, and mean comparison tests. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. In the 313 files analyzed, there was a predominance of adult women, who attempted to commit suicide due to drug intoxication, at home and were referred to a pre-hospital emergency room service. Most signs had no documented signs, symptoms, or complaints. The interventions most performed by nursing were related to the monitoring of clinical parameters. There were differences related to the sex of the victim and lethality of the suicidal behavior, suicide attempt method, referral to emergency services and half of the occurrence. Attempts to commit suicide due to intoxication or self-inflicted injuries differed in relation to the time of the call, waiting time for care, lethality, documentation of clinical evaluation and interventions, referral to emergency services. This study allowed the best mapping of the demands related to suicidal behavior, knowledge relevant to the planning of nursing care and understanding of the skills required for such care

Suicide among college students is a long-standing problem and has received considerable attention within the field of suicidology and beyond. The identification of risk and protective factors, theories related to college student suicide, and prevention, intervention and postvention efforts all reflect the solid basis of research that has been completed on college student suicide. In an attempt to further understand suicide among college students, the current study employed a novel methodological approach, one that explores suicide though college student suicide attempt survivors (N=7), and utilized a qualitative method for data analysis. The use of consensual qualitative research (CQR) was used as a way to gain a more in-depth understanding of the participants’ experiences (related to what led up to their attempts, what occurred in the aftermath of their attempts, and how the attempts have been integrated into their present day life). Results of the study built upon previous research and provided important implications for both the treatment of college student suicide attempt survivors (and other at-risk students) and suicide prevention efforts on college campuses. The study offered a new perspective and understanding on an old and complex phenomenon.

Since the implementation of Directive 2004/48 EC on the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Sweden there is today a possibility for pharmaceutical companies holding a patent to issue interim injunctions against a generic company on the grounds of an attempt or preparation to a pharmaceutical patent infringement. It has been shown that one of the earliest steps in which a generic company may infringe a pharmaceutical patent is to offer the generic drugs onto the market. However, since the implementation of the attempt and preparation rule in the Swedish Patent Act questions have been raised as to in what stage interim injunctions may be issued against an attempt or preparation to offer generic drugs onto the market made by generic companies. This thesis has therefore intent to investigate at what stage interim injunctions may be applied for against a generic company on the grounds of an attempt or preparation to offer generic drugs. In the thesis the writer argues that in order for an attempt or preparation to offer generic drugs to exist an overall assessment must be made of the particular situation and that there is no specific principles to follow in order to determine either an attempt or a preparation to offer generic drugs. However, some guidance might be brought from Danish case law in order to establish a preparation to offer generic drugs in Sweden.

Current study is based on literature of Employer Brand studies. This research is conducted by implementing questionnaire. By using ¡§the most admired entrepreneur¡¨ from a renowned, quality business magazine in Taiwan, author has looked into the perception of college and post graduate senior students (NCCU, NCTU, FJU, TKU, NKUAS, NUTN) regarding CEO celebrities and their companies. The study has showed that most dimensions of Cable and Turban study have positive effect on Organization Attractiveness and potential employee¡¦s job hunting attempt. The result of current research has proven CEO celebrity¡¦s positive effect on human resource the corporate can recruit.

Bakgrund: Ca 7000 personer i Sverige försöker varje år ta sitt liv. Denna siffra förväntas stiga. De främsta riskfaktorerna för suicid är tidigare suicidförsök och psykisk sjukdom. Det stigmatiserade synsättet i samhället bidrar till att många upplever skam kring suicidala tankar. Suicid går att förhindra då många som fullbordat ett suicid haft en tidigare vårdkontakt. Sjuksköterskans bemötande ska utgå från ett fördomsfritt förhållningssätt samt synliggöra att både tid och intresse finns. Omvårdnaden bör utgå från ett holistiskt perspektiv där individens unika behov sätts i fokus. Sjuksköterskan bör vara behjälplig med stöd både psykiskt, fysiskt, existentiella samt det sociala planet. Upplevelser av personer som överlevt ett suicidförsök blir ett vägledande verktyg för sjuksköterskan i utformandet av omvårdnaden för denna patientgrupp. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser av omvårdnad efter ett suicidförsök. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie där tio artiklar av kvalitativ ansats användes. Huvudresultat: Kontinuitet och tillgänglighet i vården samt att ha närstående involverade var aspekter som framkom som positiva för omvårdnadsupplevelsen. Ett bemötande av vårdpersonal som visade engagemang och god kommunikation ansågs också betydande för en positiv upplevelse. Bristande kontinuitet och tillgänglighet i vården samt upplevelser av att förlora kontrollen framkom som negativa aspekter för omvårdnadsupplevelsen. Ett bemötande av vårdpersonal som visade brister i engagemang, kommunikation, kunskap samt hade ett stigmatiserat betraktelsesätt ansågs även vara faktorer som bidrog till en negativ upplevelse. Slutsatser: I omvårdnaden efter ett suicidförsök är sjuksköterskan själv det främsta redskapet. Mer utbildning och tid i omvårdnaden skulle utgöra bra verktyg för att möta och hjälpa personer som överlevt ett suicidförsök i deras återhämtningsprocess. / Background: About 7000 people in Sweden try to take their lives every year. This number is expected to rise. The primary risk factors for suicide are past suicide attempts and mental illness. The stigmatized approach in society makes people feel ashamed of suicidal thoughts. Many people that completed a suicide had an earlier healthcare contact. Suicide can by that fact be prevented. Nursing's attitude should be based on a non-judicial approach and make it clear that both time and interest are present. Nursing should be based on a holistic perspective where the individual's unique needs are put in focus. The nurse should be helpful with support both mentally, physically, existentially and socially. Experiences of people who survived a suicide attempt will be a guiding tool for the nurse in the design of nursing care for this patient group. Aim: To describe people's experiences of nursing after a suicide attempt. Methods: A descriptive literature review containing ten studies with a qualitative approach was used. Main results: Continuity and accessibility in the healthcare and also involvement of family and friends were aspects that emerged as positive for the nursing experience. Commitment and good communication from the healthcare professionals was also considered significant for a positive experience. Lack of continuity and accessibility in the healthcare as well as experiences of losing control emerged as negative aspects of nursing experience. What also appeared to be negative for the experience was when the healthcare professionals showed a lack of knowledge or communication or had a stigmatized approach of suicide. Conclusion: In the caring of people after a suicide attempt, the nurse is the main tool herself. More education and time would be a good tool for nurses in helping people who survived a suicide attempt in their recovery process.

É importante investigar os atendimentos a pessoas com comportamento suicida, pois uma tentativa de suicídio é o principal preditor de futuro óbito por suicídio. Há uma carência de estudos que analisem sobre o assunto no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os atendimentos relacionados ao comportamento suicida em 2014, em um serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência e fatores associados. Estudo quantitativo, transversal, documental. Foi realizada consulta manual de fichas de atendimento de enfermagem geradas por Unidades de Suporte Básico nas quais estivessem documentados chamados por comportamento suicida no ano de 2014. Os dados foram registrados em roteiros elaborados pelas pesquisadoras e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, testes de correlação e testes de comparação de média. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em pesquisa. Nas 313 fichas analisadas, houve predomínio de mulheres adultas, que tentaram suicídio por intoxicação medicamentosa, na própria residência e foram encaminhadas para um serviço pré-hospitalar de atendimento a urgências. Na maioria das fichas não havia sinais, sintomas ou agravos documentados. As intervenções mais executadas pela enfermagem estiveram relacionadas à monitorização de parâmetros clínicos. Houve diferenças relacionadas ao sexo da vítima e letalidade do comportamento suicida, método da tentativa de suicídio, encaminhamento para serviços de emergência e semestre da ocorrência. As tentativas de suicídio por intoxicação ou por lesões autoprovocadas diferiram em relação ao horário do chamado, tempo de espera pelo atendimento, letalidade, documentação de avaliação clínica e intervenções, encaminhamento para serviços de emergência. Este estudo permitiu o melhor mapeamento das demandas relacionadas ao comportamento suicida, conhecimento relevante para o planejamento dos cuidados de enfermagem e compreensão sobre as competências necessárias para tais atendimentos / It is important to investigate the attendance of people with suicidal behavior, since suicide attempt is the main predictor of future suicide death. There is a lack of studies that analyze on the subject in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the attendances related to suicidal behavior in 2014, in an emergency mobile service and associated factors. Quantitative study, transversal, documentary. A manual consultation of nursing care records generated by Basic Support Units in which they were documented called suicidal behavior in the year 2014. The data were recorded in scripts prepared by the researchers and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, chi-square test , Fisher\'s exact test, correlation tests, and mean comparison tests. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. In the 313 files analyzed, there was a predominance of adult women, who attempted to commit suicide due to drug intoxication, at home and were referred to a pre-hospital emergency room service. Most signs had no documented signs, symptoms, or complaints. The interventions most performed by nursing were related to the monitoring of clinical parameters. There were differences related to the sex of the victim and lethality of the suicidal behavior, suicide attempt method, referral to emergency services and half of the occurrence. Attempts to commit suicide due to intoxication or self-inflicted injuries differed in relation to the time of the call, waiting time for care, lethality, documentation of clinical evaluation and interventions, referral to emergency services. This study allowed the best mapping of the demands related to suicidal behavior, knowledge relevant to the planning of nursing care and understanding of the skills required for such care

The prevalence of sexual harassment among college women has been reported to range from 33% to 97% (Klein, Apple, & Khan, 2011; Yoon, Funk, & Kropf, 2010) across the lifespan. In any one year of college, the prevalence of sexual harassment reported by women ranges from 33% to 57% (Crown & Roberts, 2007; Huerta, Cortina, Pang, Torges, & Magley, 2006). The severity and frequency of sexual harassment has been found to be related to reports of psychological distress (Nielsen & Einarsen, 2012), feelings of shame (Yoon et al., 2010), anxiety and depression symptoms (Murdoch, Pryor, Polusny, & Gackstetter, 2007), and social isolation (Pershing, 2003). These consequences of sexual harassment are concerning given the association between depression, isolation, and suicidality (Boardman, Grimbaldeston, Handley, Jones, & Willmott, 1999; DeWall, Gilman, Sharif, Carboni, & Rice, 2012). While there are numerous studies documenting the negative consequences experienced by women who are sexually harassed, little is known about the relationship of sexual harassment to the more severe negative outcomes of suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviors and what variables might facilitate this hypothesized relationship. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore whether the experience of sexual harassment is related to increased suicidality and if this hypothesized relationship is mediated or moderated by other factors such as an individual’s response style and/or degree of connection to or isolation from others.

Contexte: L'acné est une maladie très prévalente chez les adolescents et adultes jeunes et serait sévère dans 10% des cas. Le seul traitement efficace de l'acné sévère est l'isotrétinoïne orale. Un lien potentiel entre la prise d’isotrétinoïne pour une acné sévère et la survenue de troubles psychiatriques a été rapporté dès 1983 et reste très débattu. L’Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé en France et d'autres agences dans le monde, ont émis des recommandations auprès des professionnels de santé pour minimiser ce risque psychiatrique potentiel. L'acné sévère elle-même peut être responsable de troubles psychiatriques. Ainsi le rôle éventuel de l'isotrétinoïne sur des conduites suicidaires est difficile à individualiser dans un contexte où l'acné sévère peut induire ce type de conduites et que son traitement peut les améliorer. Objectif: L'objet de ce travail était d'étudier l'association entre conduites suicidaires et exposition à l'isotrétinoïne, décomposé en trois questions: Q1. Y a-t-il une incidence plus élevée de tentatives de suicide hospitalisées chez les patients traités par isotrétinoïne (avant, pendant et après le traitement) par rapport à la population générale? Q2. Y a-t-il un effet “trigger” (déclencheur) entre l’initiation d’une cure d'isotrétinoïne et la survenue d’une tentative de suicide ou d'un suicide? Q3. Quels sont les facteurs associés au risque de faire une tentative de suicide pendant une cure d'isotrétinoïne? Méthodes: La base de données médico-administratives de remboursements de l'assurance maladie française (SNIIRAM- SNDS) a été utilisée en utilisant: des ratios standardisés d’incidence (Q1), un schéma d'étude de type case-time-control (Q2) et une étude cas-témoin (Q3). Résultats-Conclusion: A partir de la base de données SNIIRAM- SNDS et sur l'utilisation de données récentes (2010-2015), nous avons montré que les patients sous isotrétinoïne avaient un risque plus faible de tentative de suicide mais également avant et après la cure d'isotrétinoïne, par rapport à la population générale de même âge et de même sexe. Par une analyse de type case-time- control, nos résultats ne mettent pas en évidence de risque de tentative de suicide et suicide dans les 2 mois (3 mois en analyse de sensibilité) suivant l’initiation d’un traitement par isotrétinoïne (absence d'effet trigger après l'initiation de l'isotrétinoïne). Enfin, le principal facteur de risque de tentatives de suicide sous isotrétinoïne est un antécédent de troubles psychiatriques; ceux-ci étant un facteur de risque connu de conduites suicidaires, en dehors de la prise d'isotrétinoïne. L’ensemble de nos résultats peut être considéré comme « rassurant » quant au risque de conduites suicidaires sous isotrétinoïne et n'incite pas à mettre en place des mesures supplémentaires de Santé Publique. Cependant d'autres troubles psychiatriques sont à prendre en compte et feront l'objet de travaux qui s'intégreront dans la continuité de celui-ci. / Background: Acne is a highly prevalent skin disorder and it is severe in about 10% of cases. Isotretinoin is remarkably efficacious and the only treatment for severe acne. A possible link between isotretinoin treatment and the occurrence of psychiatric disorders was reported in 1983, and is still under debate. The French Drug Regulatory Agency has issued recommendations for health professionals concerning this potential risk. Acne can itself induce psychiatric disorders and the links between acne, isotretinoin and psychiatric disorders are complex to disentangle. Objective: Our objective was to assess the association between and suicidal behaviours and isotretinoin. We addressed three questions: Q1. Compared to the general population, is there a higher incidence of suicide attempt and suicide among subjects exposed to isotretinoin? Q2. Is there a triggering effect of isotretinoin initiation on suicide attempt and suicide? Q3. What are the risk factors of suicide attempt under isotretinoin? Methods: We used the French national medico-admisitrative reimbursement database (SNIIRAM-SNDS) to calculate the standardized incidence ratios (Q1), to perform a case-time-control design (Q2) and a case-control design (Q3). Results-Conclusion: Using SNIIRAM-SNDS data from recent years (2010-2015), we found that patients exposed to isotretinoin had a lower risk of suicide attempt while they were under treatment, but also before and after; no evidence for an isotretinoin-triggered risk for suicide attempt and suicide in the 2 or 3 months after treatment initiation; psychiatric history was associated with suicide attempt under isotretinoin. Psychiatric history is a well-known risk factor of suicide attempt outside isotretinoin exposure. Our results are reassuring concerning the association between isotretinoin and suicidal behaviours. Risk management plan shoud be however maintained. Furthermore, other psychiatric disorders including depressive disorders are needed to be assess and will be the subject of further work.

Background: Suicidal behaviour is increasingly widespread in South Africa and constitutes a significant burden of disease, often within resource-constrained hospital settings. Little is known about the factors associated with psychiatric admission following an act of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in South Africa. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical factors which differentiated DSH patients who were admitted to an emergency psychiatric unit compared to those who were treated in the emergency department and discharged. Setting: Data were collected for 272 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary, public, urban hospital in South Africa, as a result of self harm, between 16 June 2014 and 29 March 2015, for an initial epidemiological study of DSH at the hospital. This study had a data subset of 174 of those patients (84 admitted to the emergency psychiatric unit and 90 treated in the emergency department and discharged). Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis, and it analysed existing data from the epidemiological study, using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the patients admitted to the emergency psychiatric unit, a greater proportion of patients were female (61,9%), were not in a relationship (83,3%), had no dependents (60,7%), were unemployed (73,8%), and had a low socioeconomic status (59,5%). Having dependants was associated with an increased likelihood of admission to the emergency psychiatric unit in bivariate analysis; however, when controlling for other sociodemographic variables, this was no longer significant. None of the clinical variables were significantly associated with admission to the emergency psychiatric unit. Conclusion: The lack of significant findings in the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with an admission to the emergency psychiatric unit (compared to being treated in the emergency department and discharged) is surprising. At face value, it suggests that there are no obvious differences between the two groups. The use of a validated screening tool or more accurate measure of the clinical correlates (e.g. screening tool for substance-related 6 disorders) could have better highlighted, perhaps subtle, differences between the two groups. It is perhaps more important to question whether the perceived risk factors in DSH patients are associated with suicidal behaviour and whether emergency psychiatric unit admission, based on these factors, is more effective at treating DSH short-term, and reducing suicidal behaviour long-term, than say outpatient-based treatment interventions. Clinician-related factors that influence psychiatric admission decisions following DSH is also an important area for future research.