Thesis (M.A.)--James Madison University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Project (B.S.)--James Madison University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

This study has examined the effect of 3 doses of Methylphenidate (MPH) on the speed of motor and cognitive performance in children diagnosed with ADHD. Thirty children clinically diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) aged 6-12 years were recruited through the ADHD Clinic and the Severe and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Program at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute. The three doses of MPH were administered according to a double blind randomized cross-over three day trial (0.3; 0.5 0.8 mg/kg/day in a bid schedule). An improvement across all three doses of MPH on motor, cognitive and behavioural measures was observed. The improvement is significant at low doses of MPH and an increase of dose up to 0.8 mg/kg/day does not lead to further improvement of the speed of simple motor task, but might be beneficial to specific cognitive tasks. No deterioration was observed in association with higher doses of MPH.

This study was designed to assess teachers' and counsellors' knowledge and experiences related to ADHD and the use of stimulant medication. The sample population was comprised of elementary, middle school, and high school teachers and counsellors from two school districts in southwestern Canada. A descriptive, cross-sectional design using a self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information. Results revealed that the teachers and counsellors responding to the questionnaire have limited knowledge about ADHD and the use of stimulant medication, although a large majority of them have experience with students with ADHD and are involved in the diagnosing and assessment process of ADHD. These results suggest that there is a need for in-service training regarding the diagnosis and characteristics of ADHD, different intervention strategies, and assessment of the effectiveness of these strategies. Teachers and counsellors need to become more familiar with empirical research and to base their practice on it, rather than on popular opinion. Finally, further collaboration is needed between teachers and counsellors and allied professionals, such as physicians and psychologists. / x, 77 leaves ; 29 cm.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects up to 10% of school-aged children and half as many adults. The core features of impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattentiveness commonly give rise to academic underachievement, poor social relationships, and increased risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Although the relevant neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood, altered mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission has been proposed. The aim of the present study was to compare striatal DA function in treatment-naive adults with ADHD vs. age- and IQ-matched controls. Two PET/[11C]raclopride scans, one with placebo and one with d-amphetamine (d-AMP; 0.3 mg/kg, p.o.), were administered to five men with ADHD and five healthy male volunteers. The ADHD group differed from controls in demonstrating significant d-AMP-induced reductions in posterior caudate (p<0.05). These results may support a proposed model of reduced DA tone leading to increased phasic signaling in ADHD.

The past decade has witnessed students with disabilities attending university in everincreasing numbers. In particular, many countries, including Australia, now report that students with so-called 'invisible disabilities' comprise the vast majority of those seeking support from Student Disability Services at university. Despite this increase, relatively few researchers have investigated the processes involved in the university education of students with disabilities, particularly during their crucial first year, when the highest rate of student attrition occurs across the board. The substantial body of research which has investigated the 'first year experience' for university students in Australia and the United States of America has ignored the issues unique to students with disabilities during this critical period. At the same time, some researchers, predominantly in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, have studied the tertiary education of students with disabilities. However, the subject has received less attention in Australia. Also, certain categories of university students with disabilities have been overlooked. In particular, university students diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) appear to be one of the groups that have attracted little attention worldwide, despite the vast body of research that exists on children and, increasingly, on adults with the diagnosis. These students constituted the focus of the study reported in this thesis. The aim of this study was to develop substantive theory about how university students who are diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) deal with their first year. The study is conceptualised within the social theory of symbolic interactionism. A central research question and a series of related guiding questions were used as the starting point for data collection. Data collection was conducted largely through in-depth, individual, face-to-face semistructured interviews, and participant observation consistent with the interpretivist qualitative research tradition. In addition, informal interviews, telephone interviews and documents provided supplementary data for the study. Data analysis, which occurred concurrently with data collection, employed the open coding method consistent with the grounded theory model and the development and testing of propositions. The central proposition of the substantive theory generated from this study is that students diagnosed with AD/HD experience a sense of developing empowerment as they progress through three stages in their first year at university. The first stage in the theory of developing empowerment is entitled the development of empowerment through realising a dream. The second stage is entitled the development of empowerment through becoming proactive. The final stage is entitled the development of empowerment through the feeling of belonging. The theory of developing empowerment provides a new perspective on how university students with a diagnosis of AD/HD deal with their first year of study. A number of implications for further theory development, policy and practice are drawn from it. There are also several recommendations for further research.

Thesis (Au.D.)--James Madison University, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:44:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5808.pdf: 1446230 bytes, checksum: a10d89d03f3e47cfd1287dcb554233b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study aimed to identify the motor profile of students with interdisciplinary diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD), and compare with students with good academic performance, and to verify the incidence of Developmental Coordination Disorder in this study population. A total of 46 students participated in the study, males and females, with ages ranging from 7 to 10 years and 11 months, attending from 1st to 5th year of elementary education at public schools in cities of São Paulo state. The students were divided into two groups: Group I (GI) included 23 students with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Group II (GII) included 23 students with good academic performance, paired according to gender and age group with GI group. Groups experienced motor assessment (Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (Movement ABC - 2). MABC Test consisted of eight items grouped into three sections (manual dexterity, target and precision, and balance), parents / guardians responded to DCDQ questionnaire - Brazil, which contains 25 questions about the motor behavior of the child, and the Economic Classification questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed in order to characterize and compare the motor profile of the students, intra and intergroup. The results showed that some of the students in GI presented indicative of Developmental Coordination Disorder, whereas in GII, none of the students presented indicative of Developmental Coordination Disorder. However, it is possible to stand out an incidence of Developmental Coordination Disorder in the population with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity in about 43%. These findings will hopefully contribute to the knowledge about students with ADHD, helping to guide actions to assist this population by teachers, health professionals, and family. / Este estudo teve por objetivos identificar o perfil motor de escolares com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH), comparar com os escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico e verificar a incidência de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação na população deste estudo. Participaram 46 escolares, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 7 a 10 anos e 11 meses de idade, que frequentam do 1º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas municipais de cidades do interior de São Paulo. Os escolares foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo I (GI) - composto por 23 escolares, com diagnósticos multidisciplinares de Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, em uso regular de medicação; Grupo II (GII): composto por 23 escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico, apresentando notas iguais ou superiores a 8,0 no boletim escolar e observações pertinentes realizadas pelas professoras em relação a cada escolar. Os escolares foram pareados segundo gênero e faixa etária. Os grupos passaram por avaliação motora (Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (Movement ABC-2). O Teste MABC é composto por oito itens, agrupados em três seções (destreza manual, alvo e precisão e equilíbrio), os pais/responsáveis responderam ao Questionário DCDQ-Brasil, composto por 25 questões sobre o comportamento motor da criança, e ao Questionário de Classificação Econômica, para fins de pareamentos dos grupos. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente visando à caracterização e comparação intra e intergrupos do perfil motor dos escolares. Os resultados mostraram que no GI, que é o grupo composto por escolares com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, estão presentes alguns escolares com indicativo de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação, sendo a Habilidade do Equilíbrio a mais acometida; No GII, que são escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico, não foram encontrados escolares com indicativo de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação. Portanto é possível destacar uma incidência de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação na população com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, em aproximadamente 43%. Espera-se que esses resultados contribuam com o conhecimento dos escolares com TDAH, colaborando para a orientação de ações voltadas ao atendimento e diagnóstico precoce desta população pelos professores e profissionais da saúde, objetivando uma melhora na qualidade de vida dessas crianças e familiares envolvidos.

Submitted by PPGE PPGE (pgedu@ufba.br) on 2017-08-15T16:22:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2017-08-18T14:09:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T14:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / CAPES / A presente dissertação visa a compreender os impactos do diagnóstico do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade – TDAH, na vida diária de uma criança diagnosticada. O estudo está embasado em autores que refletem acerca do processo de escolarização de maneira complexa, a partir da Psicologia Escolar e Educacional em uma perspectiva crítica. Há neste estudo um enfoque, sobretudo, nos diagnósticos psicológicos aos quais as crianças são submetidas, situando-os no contexto histórico. Traremos a visão da ciência dominante para o TDAH e suas interpretações sobre a etiologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento para o suposto “transtorno”. Em seguida, apresentaremos o percurso histórico de construção do TDAH, bem como uma análise crítica da Medicalização da Educação e caminhos para sua superação. Desse modo, pretendemos identificar aspectos vivenciados na vida diária da criança diagnosticada com TDAH e compreender os impactos encontrados nessas vivências. Para tanto, será utilizada a metodologia qualitativa com base em um estudo de caso. Nesta trajetória metodológica, mostramos a proposta inicial da pesquisa de campo e suas mudanças ocorridas após imersão no mesmo. Um campo permeado de vivências que atravessam um complexo processo de fracasso escolar de uma criança. Posto isso, são explanados os elementos trazidos com a pesquisa de campo. Por fim, tecemos discussões acerca dos elementos identificados na construção do diagnóstico da criança e em seguida problematizaremos intervenções. Espera-se, com a pesquisa, contribuir para que estudantes e profissionais da Psicologia e da Educação possam realizar uma leitura crítica do TDAH, analisando o fenômeno da medicalização. / ABSTRACT This work aims to understand the impact of the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder / Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD, the daily life of a diagnosed child. The study is grounded in authors who reflect on the complex way schooling, from the School and Educational Psychology in a critical perspective. There is a focus in this study, especially in psychological diagnoses to which children are subjected, placing them in historical context. We will bring the vision of mainstream science for ADHD and their interpretations about the etiology, diagnosis and treatment for the supposed "disorder". Then we present the historical course of ADHD building as well as a critical analysis of medicalization of education and ways to overcome them. Thus, we intend to identify experienced aspects of daily life of children diagnosed with ADHD and understand the impacts found in these experiences. Therefore, the qualitative methodology based on a case study will be used. This methodological approach, we show the initial proposal of field research and its changes after immersion in it. A field riddled with experiences that go through a complex process of school failure of a child. That said, they are explained the elements brought to the field research. Finally, we weave discussions on the elements identified in the construction of the child's diagnosis and then we question interventions. It is hoped, through research, contribute to students and professionals of Psychology and Education can make a critical reading of ADHD, analyzing the medicalization phenomenon.