Master of Science / Department of Psychological Sciences / Patrick Knight / The current study examined attributions of blame for workplace errors through the lens of Kelley’s (1967) ANOVA model of attribution-making, which addresses the consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness of a behavior. Consensus and distinctiveness information were manipulated in the description of a workplace accident. It was expected that participants would make different attributions regarding the cause of the event due to these manipulations. This study further attempted to determine if an individual’s core self-evaluations (CSE) impact how she or he evaluates a workplace accident and attributes blame, either from the perspective of the employee who made the error or that of a co-worker. Because CSE are fundamental beliefs about an individual’s success, ability, and self-worth, they may contribute to how the individual attributes blame for a workplace accident. It was found that CSE were positively related to participants’ inclination to make internal attributions of blame for a workplace error. Contrary to expectations, manipulations of the consensus and distinctiveness of the workplace error did not moderate participants’ attributions of blame. Explanations for these findings are discussed, as are possible applications of this research.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 H34 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 D86 / Master of Science / Physical Education, Dance, and Leisure Studies

La schizophrénie est une pathologie dont les répercussions pour la personne qui en souffre sont importantes. De façon très fréquente, la schizophrénie entraîne un fonctionnement social pauvre et perturbé. Pour expliquer à tout le moins en partie ce dysfonctionnement, plusieurs études appuient l'hypothèse d'un déficit au niveau de l'attribution d'états mentaux à autrui (intentions, croyances, désirs, etc.). Parallèlement, d'autres études ont corroboré l'hypothèse d'une altération au niveau de la reconnaissance d'expressions faciales et d'émotions. Toutefois, très peu d'études ont vérifié conjointement ces deux hypothèses de façon à observer si un lien existe entre ces deux déficits. Cette étude propose d'examiner l'hypothèse d'un lien entre la capacité à attribuer des intentions aux autres et deux des composantes de l'intelligence émotionnelle: la perception et la compréhension des émotions chez autrui. Les résultats démontrent l'existence d'un lien significatif positif entre la capacité à attribuer des intentions et la compréhension des émotions chez les schizophrènes, contrairement au groupe contrôle étant composé de personnes souffrant de dépression majeure. Toutefois, contrairement à ce qui avait été prédit, le lien entre l'attribution d'intentions et la perception des émotions n'est pas apparu significatif.

In the context of telecommunication networks, the user attribution problem refers to the challenge faced in recognizing communication traffic as belonging to a given user when information needed to identify the user is missing. This is analogous to trying to recognize a nameless face in a crowd. This problem worsens as users move across many mobile networks (complex networks) owned and operated by different providers. The traditional approach of using the source IP address, which indicates where a packet comes from, does not work when used to identify mobile users. Recent efforts to address this problem by exclusively relying on web browsing behavior to identify users were limited to a small number of users (28 and 100 users). This was due to the inability of solutions to link up multiple user sessions together when they rely exclusively on the web sites visited by the user. This study has tackled this problem by utilizing behavior based identification while accounting for time and the sequential order of web visits by a user. Hierarchical Temporal Memories (HTM) were used to classify historical navigational patterns for different users. Each layer of an HTM contains variable order Markov chains of connected nodes which represent clusters of web sites visited in time order by the user (user sessions). HTM layers enable inference "generalization" by linking Markov chains within and across layers and thus allow matching longer sequences of visited web sites (multiple user sessions). This approach enables linking multiple user sessions together without the need for a tracking identifier such as the source IP address. Results are promising. HTMs can provide high levels of accuracy using synthetic data with 99% recall accuracy for up to 500 users and good levels of recall accuracy of 95 % and 87% for 5 and 10 users respectively when using cellular network data. This research confirmed that the presence of long tail web sites (rarely visited) among many repeated destinations can create unique differentiation. What was not anticipated prior to this research was the very high degree of repetitiveness of some web destinations found in real network data.

Measures of classical rhetorical structure in text can improve accuracy in certain types of stylistic classification tasks such as authorship attribution. This research augments the relatively scarce work in the automated identification of rhetorical figures and uses the resulting statistics to characterize an author's rhetorical style. These characterizations of style can then become part of the feature set of various classification models. Our Rhetorica software identifies 14 classical rhetorical figures in free English text, with generally good precision and recall, and provides summary measures to use in descriptive or classification tasks. Classification models trained on Rhetorica's rhetorical measures paired with lexical features typically performed better at authorship attribution than either set of features used individually. The rhetorical measures also provide new stylistic quantities for describing texts, authors, genres, etc.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

This thesis aims to investigate to what extent the centrality of religion influences the existential aspects of an individual’s meaning-system. To do this I used a meaning-system framework and a qualitative approach in which I gathered information through a questionnaire based on the Centrality of the Religious Meaning System Scale and by conducting 8 semi-structured interviews with young adults in Uppsala, Sweden. The analysis of these interviews was implemented through an abductive method. The theoretical perspective is based on the concept Global meaning and the General attribution theory. My conclusion is that those participating in the study describe their meanings differently depending on their religious meaning-system. The thesis also shows that the religious interpretations to a large degree were actualized by situational and dispositional factors. This suggest that the religious attributions were made to meet the participants need for meaning, control, and self-esteem. Finally, the thesis indicates that the centrality of one’s religion appears to inform the religious meaning-system, as well as, functions as a dispositional factor. Thus, this thesis suggests that the centrality of one’s religion can be an influential factor in how religious meaning is constructed regarding existential questions.

We live in a world where social media allows everyone to have a voice regardless of their expertise on any subject. With so many anonymous voices giving their opinions are the expert reviews of film critics no longer as useful? Some may believe there is a disconnect between what critics like and what people like. With this in mind, this research puts the usefulness of expert movie reviews and word of mouth against each other as can be seen through the need for cognition scale and social media affinity scale. / text

<p>Ett beslut kan upplevas olika svårt och få effekter för beslutsfattaren eller någon annan individ. I denna studie undersöktes hur beslutsprocesser i samband med ett medicinskt ställningstagande påverkas av information om att en majoritet eller minoritet delar åsikten, samt om patienten i fallet har samma kön som en själv eller inte. I studien undersöktes även om det finns en tendens att välja en patient av det egna könet och hur orsaken till den egna och andras åsikt förklarades. Valet stod mellan vem av två patienter skulle prioriteras för att få genomföra en livsavgörande operation. I linje med förväntningar visade det sig att deltagare i minoritet tenderade att konsolidera sitt beslut mer än deltagare i majoritet. Tendensen var dock inte signifikant. Personer med en annan åsikt bedömdes som mer påverkade av andra än man själv eller personer med samma åsikt. Deltagare i minoritet blev dock mer säkra på beslutet vilket kan tolkas som konsolidering.</p>