Cette thèse s'intéresse à la relation sujet-objet – l'expérience d'apprentissage vécu par des étudiants universitaires dans le cadre du jeu sérieux Laboratorium of Epidemiology (LOE). Elle porte essentiellement sur la modélisation de phénomènes d'apprentissage – Appropriation et Authenticité – et se veut multidisciplinaire en rassemblant Psychologie de l'Education, Didactique des Mathématiques et Environnements Informatiques pour l'Apprentissage Humain. Le terrain d'expérimentation de cette thèse se place dans le cadre d'un module de Biostatistique dans lequel le jeu sérieux LOE a été implémenté de manière écologique et pérenne. La problématique de recherche porte sur les phénomènes d'appropriation et d'authenticité qui sont formalisés et illustrés, en s'appuyant sur la Théorie des Situations Didactiques (TSD) de Brousseau. Des traces d'activité, des interactions verbales et des entretiens directs ont été analysés au cours de trois années d'utilisation du jeu LOE. Ce travail a permis la construction de concepts tels que « l'appropriation de rôle » par des étudiants dans le contexte d'un jeu sérieux, « l'appropriation de problèmes » par les étudiants que ce soit à travers leurs interactions individuelles avec l'objet (le jeu) ou dans la recherche collaborative de solution aux problèmes, et enfin « la perception de l'authenticité » du jeu. Ainsi, cette thèse montre comment appropriation et authenticité découlent de l'interaction individu-objet. L'appropriation est un élément de l'expérience d'apprentissage à partir duquel l'individu fait sien un objet d'apprentissage dans un processus actif de développement transformationnel dans lequel l'individu reconstruit l'objet qu'il s'approprie à sa manière. Dans le modèle proposé, le processus s'établit par des catégories non nécessairement consécutives : accepter, tester, faire des choix, anticiper et maîtriser. La perception de l'authenticité d'un jeu sérieux par un individu est favorisée par des attributs de l'environnement informatique en raison de l'impact qu'ils produisent chez l'individu. L'authenticité d'un environnement informatique est définie comme un compromis entre trois dimensions élémentaires : réalisme, cohérence interne et pertinence didactique. Une meilleure compréhension de ces phénomènes à la base du processus d'apprentissage contribuera aux études futures sur la qualité de l'enseignement et sur la conception de nouveaux outils, en particulier ceux basés sur le jeu de rôle et l'immersion. / This thesis is interested in the relation subject-object – the learning experience lived by university students in the case of the serious game Laboratorium of Epidemiology. ( LOE). It concerns essentially the modelling of learning phenomena in Didactics of Mathematics – Appropriation and Authenticity – and aims to be multidisciplinary by gathering Psychology of the Education, Didactics of the Mathematics and Technology Enhanced Learning. The thesis field experiment takes place within a discipline of Biostatistics in which the serious game LOE was implemented in an ecological and permanent manner. The search problem concerns the phenomena of appropriation and authenticity which are formalized and illustrated, supported by Brousseau's Theory of the Situations. Tracks of activity, verbal interactions and direct interviews were analysed during the three years of use of the game LOE. This work allowed the construction of concepts such as the "role appropriation" by students in the context of a serious game, the "appropriation of problems" by the students whether individually through interactions with the object (the game) or collaboratively seeking a solution to the problems, and finally "the perception of the authenticity" of the game. In this way, this thesis shows how appropriation and authenticity ensues from the interaction individuals-objects. The appropriation is an element of the learning experience from which individuals makes their own learning objects in an active process of transformational development in which individuals reconstruct the object they appropriate their own away. In the proposed model, the process becomes established by categories not necessarily consecutive: accept, make out a will, choose, anticipate and master. The perception of the authenticity of a serious game by an individual is favoured by attributes of the IT environment due to the impact such attributes produce within individuals. The authenticity of an IT environment is defined as a compromise amongst three elementary dimensions: realism, internal coherence and didactic relevance. A better understanding of these phenomena on the basis of the learning process will contribute to future studies on the quality of teaching and on the design of new tools, in particular those based on role-playing and immersion.

The objective of this work is to analyze the present situation of the registers and alterations in the file information concern to projects from Arts and Letters Center CAL, of the Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM, which compose the databases of the institution. So that, file information related to projects, collected through the access to documents and written reports from the databases of UFSM were used. Also, a questionnaire, addressed to teachers from CAL, was applied. Based on the analysis of the surveys, written reports and the questionnaire some conclusions were reached. Through the description of the system of the register of the projects it was observed that the screen participants offer much information about this participation, reflecting in the academic life of teachers and students. Another result refers to the increase evolution in the number of projects registered since the beginning of the system working. In addition, it was verified, by applying the questionnaire to teachers, many situations like those related to titles and the implications involved in the register of the projects. The analysis of the declarations collected through interviews addressed to responsible people for SIE in the CPD and PROPLAN contribute to the diagnosis of the system, mainly focusing on the authenticity and reliability of the file information available. These evidences allow presenting, in the end of the work, some recommendations to SIE improvement. So, it will hope that the results obtained in this research can be considered referential as the UFSM as other institutions that have interest in this work. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a situação atual dos registros e alterações das informações arquivísticas, pertinentes aos projetos do Centro de Artes e Letras CAL, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria UFSM, que fazem parte do banco de dados da instituição. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações arquivísticas a respeito de projetos, obtidas através do acesso a documentos institucionais e de relatórios do banco de dados da UFSM. Também foi aplicado um questionário dirigido aos professores do CAL. A partir da análise dos levantamentos, dos relatórios e desse questionário, chegou-se a algumas conclusões. Pela descrição do sistema de registro de projetos, observou-se que a tela participantes traz várias informações referentes a essa participação, com repercussões na vida acadêmica de seus discentes e docentes. Outra constatação é a crescente evolução do número de registro de projetos ao longo do funcionamento do sistema. Verificou-se, ainda, através da aplicação do questionário aos docentes, várias situações como aquelas que estão relacionadas à titulação e às implicações que envolvem o registro de projetos. A análise dos depoimentos obtidos através de entrevistas dirigidas aos responsáveis pelo SIE no CPD e na PROPLAN contribuiu para o diagnóstico do sistema, principalmente sob o enfoque da autenticidade e da fidedignidade das informações arquivísticas por ele disponibilizadas. Essas constatações possibilitaram apresentar, ao final do trabalho, algumas recomendações para aprimoramento do SIE. Espera-se, portanto, que os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa possam ser considerados como referencial, tanto para a UFSM, quanto para outras instituições que tenham interesse neste trabalho.

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-16T13:37:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3482689 bytes, checksum: 32f617e5ecce7581c6cf74bc8c431049 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T13:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3482689 bytes, checksum: 32f617e5ecce7581c6cf74bc8c431049 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The creation and marketing of image editing software allowed ordinary people to perform any kind of manipulation in digital images. In a judicial context, where authenticity and data integrity are crucial, the development of techniques to ensure such attributes are needed. Forensic analysis of digital image aims to use computational scientific methods, such as analysis of a sensor device and JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) artifacts, in order to recognize the presence or absence of such attributes. This paper presents a passive approach to Tampering Recognition in Digital Images with and without JPEG compression using two approaches. The first approach is based on analysis of the 4-pixel neighborhood that may be classified as interpolated or not. Based on such analysis, we obtain information about the standard CFA (Color Filter Array) pattern to investigate the authenticity and integrity of images with low or no compression according to misclassification of pixels. The second approach is based on inconsistency analysis of BAG (Block Grid Artifact) pattern in images with high compression created under tampering techniques like composition and cloning. The image's BAG is the distinction of JPEG blocks. Furthermore, segmentation techniques have been defined for precise location of the tampered area. The method selects one of the approaches according to the image compression ratio. The analysis is performed in agreement with the values of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The accuracy rates ranged from 85.1% to 95.4% and precision rates between 41.7% to 74.3%. Values from 32.3% to 82.2% were obtained for sensitivity rates and between 85.9% to 99.2% for specificity in an image database composed by 960 images interpolated by different algorithms and tampered by composition and cloning. The methods described in the literature have a limited scope related to the formats of the images tested and how they gauge their effectiveness. The approach proposed differs from these techniques presenting a most wide scope in the mentioned questions, covering images with and without compression, and assessing the efficiency from metrics able to prove the assumptions during the research. / A criação e comercialização de softwares de edição de imagens permitiram que pessoas leigas pudessem realizar qualquer tipo de manipulação em imagens digitais. Em um cenário judicial em que autenticidade e integridade dos dados são cruciais, há necessidade de técnicas que permitam promover tais atributos. A análise forense em imagens digitais busca por meio de métodos científicos computacionais, como a análise do sensor do dispositivo e artefatos JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), reconhecer a presença ou ausência desses atributos. O presente trabalho apresenta uma Abordagem Passiva para o Reconhecimento de adulterações em imagens digitais com e sem compressão JPEG utilizando duas abordagens. A primeira abordagem baseia-se na técnica de análise da vizinhança-4 de um pixel que pode ser classificado como interpolado ou não interpolado. A partir dessa análise, obtêm-se as informações sobre o padrão CFA (Color Filter Array) de modo a investigar a autenticidade e integridade de imagens com baixa ou nenhuma compressão, de acordo com a classificação incorreta dos pixels. A segunda abordagem baseia-se na Análise da Inconsistência do BAG (Block Artifact Grid) de imagens com alta compressão gerado a partir de técnicas de adulteração, tais como composição e clonagem. O BAG da imagem trata-se da demarcação dos blocos JPEG. Além disso, foram definidas técnicas de segmentação para localização precisa da região adulterada. O método seleciona uma das abordagens, a partir do valor da taxa de compressão da imagem. A análise dos resultados é feita a partir dos valores de acurácia, sensibilidade, especificidade e precisão. As taxas de acurácia variaram de 85,1% a 95,4%, e com taxas de precisão entre 41,7% a 74,3%. Para as taxas de sensibilidade, obteve-se valores entre 32,3% a 82,2% e para especificidade valores entre 85,9% a 99,2%, para uma base de dados composta por 960 imagens interpoladas por algoritmos distintos e adulteradas por técnicas de composição e clonagem. Os métodos descritos na literatura apresentam um escopo limitado referente aos formatos das imagens que foram testadas e ao modo como aferem a eficiência de suas técnicas. A abordagem proposta distingue-se dessas técnicas apresentando um escopo com maior abrangência nos quesitos mencionados, englobando imagens com e sem compressão, além de aferir a eficiência a partir de métricas capazes de comprovar as hipóteses levantadas ao longo da pesquisa.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este livro tem como objetivo analisar a forma com a qual a Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, à época da pesquisa tinha 26 anos de fundação, elaborou e materializou singularmente o seu projeto de igreja. Esta elaboração teve como um dos principais suportes a relação tensa e conflituosa que a IURD estabeleceu com diferentes interlocutores, mas que teve no ano de 1995 sua fase mais crítica. A discussão procura mostrar como esse período foi pensado e interpretado por esses diferentes atores, mas tendo como principal referência o ponto de vista nativo. A questão da autenticidade será o pano de fundo da discussão proposta, na medida em que foi identificada como uma categoria importante para a compreensão da relação desta igreja com seus interlocutores. Esta noção aparecia sob a forma de oposições: pureza-impureza, igreja-seita, autêntico-inautêntico. Partindo de uma perspectiva diferenciada procuro mostrar que, naquele momento, estavam interagindo formas distintas de concepções de autenticidade. Tendo como ponto de partida o posicionamento da IURD pós-1995, período que se caracterizou pela intensificação de práticas e empreendimentos voltados à sua consolidação, o livro demonstra como a noção nativa de autenticidade norteou a elaboração da chamada Era das Catedrais, incluindo a construção da sede mundial, o chamado Templo da Glória do Novo Israel, vista como marco no processo de materialização de seu projeto de igreja e do circuito da conquista.

Presented thesis deals with the authenticity in Augustin Aurelius life. The authenticity is undestood as a resonce between our situation evaluation and our reaction. Their aspects are studied from the philosophical point of view (M. Heideger and the existencialims, psychology (Rogers), philosphy of behaviour and so on. Augustin sees as a main objective of his life the searching of the wisdom. The chronological analysis of Augustin life (perido of menicheism, skepticism, new searching, platonism and christianity) than shows, wheather he was truthfull to this attitude. We confronted results of our study with the conclusions of chosen reactions of given philosophers for better understanding of Augustin's realizing of the authenticity and the truthfulness

Este trabalho compara as duas gravações realizadas pelo pianista András Schiff em 1984 e 2011, respectivamente, do Cravo Bem-Temperado de J. S. Bach, e discute as entrevistas concedidas pelo pianista à imprensa especializada, nas quais ele expõe sua abordagem com relação à interpretação da música de J. S. Bach. O objetivo do trabalho é corroborar a hipótese de que o pianista adota, na sua gravação mais recente, uma abordagem mais próxima ao estilo de performance da música barroca denominado estilo retórico, conforme proposto por Haynes (2007) e Golomb (2004; 2008). Conclui-se, através da análise das gravações e das entrevistas supracitadas, que Schiff adota princípios do estilo retórico na sua execução, além de reconhecer implicitamente, nas suas entrevistas, a relevância dos princípios retóricos para a execução da música de Bach. Também são discutidos os argumentos do pianista a favor do uso do piano como instrumento apropriado para a execução da música de Bach e da rejeição do uso do pedal de sustentação deste instrumento, e a relação de Schiff com o movimento da Performance Historicamente Informada. / This paper compares the two recordings made by the pianist András Schiff in 1984 and 2011, respectively, of the First Book of The Well-Tempered Clavier by J. S. Bach, and discusses the interviews granted by the pianist to the specialized press where he exposes his approach to the interpretation of Bach's music. The paper aims to support the hypothesis that the pianist adopts in his latest recording an approach called Rhetorical Style by Haynes (2007) and Golomb (2004; 2008) which, according to the authors, is closer to the Baroque Music performance style. By analyzing the aforementioned recordings and interviews, it is concluded that Schiff adopts principles of the Rhetorical Style in his performance, and also implicitly acknowledges in his interviews the relevance of rhetorical principles for the execution of Bach's music. Also discussed are the pianist's arguments in favor of using the piano as an appropriate instrument for the execution of Bach's music and against the use of the instrument' sustain pedal, in addition to Schiff's relationship with the Historically Informed Performance movement.

In our legal system, Copyright Law confers protection to authentic photographies and due to this feature, they are considered photographic works. Nevertheless, authorities have not given enough information of what a photography requires to be considered authentic. On account of this, the shortcomings of our related rules are evaluated to determine which foreign legislation gives a better referent, and to analyze the different views given to the authenticity concept by doctrine and case law. All of this with the purpose of determining specific criteria to qualify a photography as authentic and protected by Copyright Law, and proposing changes in our current legislationon the matter. / En nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, el derecho de autor brinda protección a las fotografías cuando son originales y, por tener tal característica, son consideradas obras fotográficas. Sin embargo, las autoridades no han brindado alcances suficientes de lo que una fotografía requiere para ser considerada original. Ante ello, el presente artículo evalúa las carencias de nuestras normas a este respecto. Se busca determinar qué legislación extranjera brinda un mejor referente, así como analizar las distintas posturas que la doctrina y la jurisprudencia brindan respecto al concepto de originalidad, con el fin de determinar criterios concretos respecto a la calificación de si una fotografía es o no original y, por lo tanto, protegible por el derecho de autor e incluso proponer un cambio en nuestra actual legislación sobre la materia.

abstract: I develop and test theoretical hypotheses for how employees' authenticity at work influences their motivational, relational, and effectiveness outcomes. These hypotheses are grounded in the idea that when individuals feel they display their true selves at work, they can more fully employ their physical, cognitive and emotional energies in their work roles, which in turn leads to higher levels of employee effectiveness (e.g., task performance, perceived value to the organization, and promotability). In addition to this personal motivational process, individuals who are more authentic also develop high-quality relationships with their coworkers, thereby receiving more instrumental support and minimizing the antagonistic encounters they have with their colleagues. Both types of coworker interactions should, in turn, also influence the focal individual's effectiveness at work. Finally, I hypothesize that the relationships between authenticity and these relational and effectiveness outcomes are moderated by certain personality traits, such that when an individual is highly narcissistic, has very low self-esteem, or has strongly held values or beliefs generally perceived to be negative or deviant, the relationships change: authenticity's positive influence on coworker instrumental support becomes less positive, and authenticity's negative influence on coworker incivility becomes less negative. These moderation effects are expected for employee effectiveness as well. The sample used to test these hypotheses consisted of 102 employees and their 16 supervisors from two private companies headquartered in the Southwest United States. Authenticity was found to be positively associated with employee engagement, coworker instrumental support, and employee effectiveness, and negatively associated with coworker incivility. Once other factors were controlled for, significant relationships remained with employee engagement and coworker support. Contrary to expectations, neither engagement nor coworker interactions mediated the authenticity-employee effectiveness relationship. A dark side of authenticity was found for two of the three personality traits: self-esteem moderated the relationship between authenticity and coworker instrumental support, such that when self-esteem was low, the relationship between authenticity and coworker support was significantly weaker. Additionally, narcissism moderated the relationship between authenticity and employee effectiveness such that when narcissism was low, the relationship between authenticity and effectiveness was positive, but when narcissism was high, the relationship became negative. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2014

Le répertoire original pour harpe est relativement restreint. Deux voies permettent de concourir à son accroissement : la création contemporaine d’une part, et la transcription d’autre part. La présente étude interroge le rapport entre les habitus anciens et une pratique actuelle de transcription, depuis le répertoire de clavecin français du XVIIIe siècle vers la harpe. La transcription est ici considérée comme une pratique non notée qui relève de l’interprétation, et qui partage avec celle-ci, comme avec la traduction, des problématiques fondamentales en apparence antinomiques : esprit et lettre, idiomatisme et fidélité. Elle confronte l’interprète à ses propres limites ainsi qu’à celles de son instrument, et favorise la rencontre avec l’altérité d’une écriture dépourvue de gestes familiers. La transcription constitue l’un des moyens privilégiés de compréhension du répertoire transcrit, de l’instrument de destination, et du rapport de l’interprète à son instrument. La transcription du répertoire de clavecin français pour harpe sera envisagée tout d’abord sous un angle historique, puis à travers les interrogations de nature esthétique que suscite l’antagonisme entre idiomatisme et fidélité, enfin la question des limites et impossibilités sera interrogée selon une approche technique et pratique. / The original harp repertoire is rather limited. It seems there are two efficient ways to help its increase : contemporary creation on the one hand, and transcription on the other. This study questions the relation between early music and a current way of transcribing for harp the eighteenth century french harpischord repertoire. Transcription is here considered as an unwritten practice that comes close to interpretation, and like interpretation and translation, it faces fundamental issues which seem paradoxical : spirit and letter, idiomatism and fidelity. Transcription forces the performer to face his own limits as well as his intrument’s, and it favours the encounter with the otherness of a writing that is free of any familiar gesture. Transcription is one of the best ways to comprehend the transcribed repertoire, the instrument the piece is being transcribed for, and the relationship the performer has with his instrument. The transcription for harp of the eighteenth century french harpischord repertoire will be examined first under a historic angle, then, with esthetic concerns raised by the paradox between idiomatism and fidelity, and finally, the issue of the limits and impossibilities will be studied from a technical and practical approach.

Percorrendo um pensamento em que a ontologia, assistida pela fenomenologia, fornece inteligibilidade suficiente para a elaboração de uma ética existencialista, este trabalho pretende demonstrar como a acepção sartriana acerca da subjetividade é indissociável, para ser devidamente compreendida, do fenômeno por ele intitulado como má-fé. Essa demonstração busca evidenciar ainda como a empreitada sartriana em descrever a realidade humana como ser-Para-si, cuja existência precede a essência exaustivamente analisada na obra de que mais nos servimos (O Ser o Nada) opera uma reconfiguração no significado das noções comumente empregadas nas tentativas filosóficas de explicar a subjetividade, a saber: cogito, Eu, indivíduo, pessoa, identidade, si e sujeito. Assim, investigamos em que medida a noção particularmente sartriana de subjetividade necessariamente comporta o fenômeno da má-fé, numa consonância tal que a compreensão de ambos é reciprocamente iluminada. E se assim é, por fim, averiguamos a possibilidade (ou não) da existência autêntica, avesso da má-fé, para concluirmos com a imperiosidade do impasse que aí se instala. / Tracing the thought in which ontology, supplied by phenomenology, offers enough intelligibility for the construction of an existentialist ethics though not entering there this work aims to demonstrate how Sartrean sense of subjectivity is inseparable, to be full understood, from the phenomenon he entitles as bad-faith. This demonstration aims also to make evident how Sartre´s efforts to describe human reality as being-For-itself, whose existence precedes its essence exhaustingly analyzed in the work we based ourselves most (Being and Nothingness) functions a reconfiguration in the meaning of notions commonly used in the philosophical attempts to explain subjectivity, that is, cogito, I, individual, person, identity, self and subject. This way, we investigate to what extent Sartrean particularly notion of subjectivity necessarily holds the phenomenon of bad-faith, in such a consonance that mutually elucidates the understanding of each other. And if that is so, we finally inquired the possibility (or not) of the authentic existence, the reverse of bad-faith, to conclude with the predominance of the impasse that settles down there.