L’industrie du tourisme a beaucoup évolué et continue de se transformer sous l’effet du numérique, mais aussi sous l’effet des changements sociaux et économiques. L’information destinée aux voyageurs, auparavant produite par les seuls professionnels du métier – les journalistes de voyage – s’est diversifiée. De nouveaux acteurs, comme les blogueurs et les commentateurs des sites de recommandation, sont devenus des sources d’information importantes pour les voyageurs. Nos travaux de recherche se proposent d’explorer les pratiques des auteurs en ligne ainsi que la réception et l’interprétation de leurs écrits par les voyageurs. Des entretiens qualitatifs menés auprès de journalistes, blogueurs et commentateurs producteurs d’informations autour de Paris, éclairent leurs méthodes et pratiques et leur niveau d’adoption ou de rejet des codes traditionnels du journalisme. Dans un second temps, une autre série d’entretiens avec des voyageurs nous ont permis de mettre en évidence les jugements émis par ces « consommateurs » sur les contenus trouvés en ligne. En considérant les motivations de ces internautes, surtout l’aspiration à vivre des expériences « authentiques », les chercheurs peuvent mieux comprendre ce que les voyageurs apprécient. Les résultats suggèrent que les productions des journalistes de voyage, blogueurs et contributeurs participent chacune à leur manière à alimenter l’internaute en information lorsqu’il organise son voyage. Quant aux « consommateurs » de ces articles ou commentaires sur une destination, ils apprécient trouver une variété d’informations. Ces travaux permettent de formuler une conclusion générale au sujet du journaliste de voyage professionnel, dont les écrits ne sont qu’un fragment parmi toute la production d’informations touristiques, à laquelle contribuent également des non-professionnels. Le journalisme de voyage s’avère être un processus riche, au sein duquel différents types d’acteurs évoluent, pour répondre aux besoins des voyageurs-internautes. / The travel industry has evolved over the past decades, including social and technological changes that allow more people than ever to cross the globe. Travel journalists working for established media are no longer the sole gatekeepers of information relating to a destination. New authors, including bloggers and commentators on recommendation sites, have become major sources of information for travelers. This project seeks to explore both the practices of these online authors as well as the reception and interpretations of their work by travelers. Qualitative interviews with a sample of journalists, bloggers, and forum contributors in Paris help shed light on how these individuals adhere to notions considered “journalistic” as defined by traditional manuals. The goal is to explore and elaborate a definition of the travel journalist as opposed to non-professional authors. Secondly, through interviews with travelers who plan their trips online, the research aims to understand how consumers prioritize and value the content they find on the internet, especially looking at motivations linked to the idea of discovering authentic experiences abroad. Findings suggest that travel journalists, bloggers, and forum contributors all participate uniquely to the travel planning process, providing different elements. On the reception end, travelers consume many sources during their travel planning, and actively seek various websites and publications for different reasons. The overall conclusion is that travel journalists are just one important yet specific part of the larger process of travel journalism that acts interdependently with non-professional sources to respond to the online traveler’s needs.

Magister Artium - MA / This study focuses on young people and how they etch a sense of belonging in the cosmopolitan city of Cape Town, in multicultural, post-apartheid South Africa. The study mainly focuses on a group of performers known as Black Ink Arts Movement (Black Ink), who are based in Du Noon township, near Cape Town, South Africa. The study looks at how young people who are involved in community performance projects; it also engages with their varied audiences. Lastly, the thesis shows the performers’ day to day lives when they are not on stage to see what it means to be young and black in Du Noon as a member of Black Ink

Magister Artium - MA / This thesis explores the precarious nature of authenticity as it manifested itself in the activities of H.I.M. Society, the Rastafarian student organization at the University of the Western Cape. Ethnographic research was conducted, to explore the above mentioned issue, which involved observation of various activities and in depth interviews. I also inquired about outsiders' perspectives on Rastafarianism and H.I.M. Society in particular. Authenticity, as it is conceived in this thesis, is about what a group of people deem culturally important. Three important ideas follow from this. The first is that not everyone in a group agrees on what is important. Put differently authenticating processes tend to be characterized by legitimizing crises. Therefore, secondly, social actors need to invest cultural ideas, objects and practices with authenticity. Lastly the authenticating processes are predicated on boundaries not necessarily as a means of exclusion but as fundamental to determining the core of cultural being and belonging

This study aims at exploring the motivation that drives tourists to townships. The theories that were chosen as the theoretical base of this study were the push and pull theory, the Travel Career Ladder, authenticity and the tourist gaze. Three research questions were asked around the theory base and a survey was done of 100 tourists in selected locations within Soweto. Results obtained from the respondents allowed for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the township tourists were intrinsically motivated and were driven by affiliation needs. Furthermore, the tourists that initially visited Soweto were motivated by authenticity; however, as the amount of tourism in the area grew, the tourist gaze became the more dominant form of motivation. The implications of the study findings are discussed. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Many consider music, songs, and dance performance as utopian signifiers for cinema, but few has entered the utopian discourse of country musicals, a small genre of cinema usually known as country music films. By closely scrutinizing Pure Country (1992), this thesis aims to reveal how country music—as music numbers and as background cues— integrate and connect the fragmented on-screen world for the country musicals so as to offer audiences a fullness of utopian experience, and how this utopian effect are culturally significant for American audiences due to country music’s unique mechanism of constructing utopia and nostalgia in its past-orientations, sentimentalities, and alleged authenticities. I argue because of the American country music’s internal need for utopia as an individual and social agent, Pure Country, as well as the neo-traditionalism country music defined by Pure Country, reconciles the pop and the old time country music, and also conciliates the tension expressed in such music tastes between the rural and urban communities. This reconciliation makes Pure Country a not so perfect cinematic text for documenting country music’s authenticity and origin, but fully and clearly reflects the utopian meaning of country music on an individual and social level.

Philosophers who show interest in authenticity tend to narrowly focus on its capacity to help people evade conformity and affirm individuality, a simplistic reduction that neglects authenticity’s moral potential and gives credence to the many critics who dismiss it as a euphemism for excessive individualism. Yet when conceived ethically, authenticity can also allow for worthy human flourishing without falling prey to conformity’s opposite extreme—egoism. This thesis proposes a relational conception of authenticity that can help prevent the often destructive excess of egoism while also offsetting the undesirable deficiency of heteronomy, concertedly moving agents towards socially responsible living. It demonstrates how authenticity necessarily has ethical dimensions when rooted in existentialist and dialogical frameworks. It also defines egoism as a form of self-deception rooted in flawed logic that cannot be considered “authentic” by relational standards. Relational authenticity recognizes the interpersonal relationships and social engagements that imbue meaning into agents’ lives, fostering a balance between personal ambitions and social obligations, and enabling more consistently moral lifestyles.

Cette thèse vise à démystifier comment de jeunes Inuit font l’expérience de la vie à Ottawa. Les résultats révèlent que les participants à cette étude se positionnent et négocient leurs interactions d’après les relations qu’ils entretiennent avec les différents acteurs de leur environnement. En vue de leur maintien et équilibre, ces relations sont en constante négociation. Afin de se sentir mieux en ville, ils y aménagent des zones de confort mobiles, se créent de « miniunivers » inuit et s’ouvrent aux mondes urbains. Les jeunes Inuit profitent aussi de leur présence à Ottawa pour mieux se positionner par rapport au monde inuit, en (re)trouvant un bien-être personnel et en acquérant les outils et connaissances nécessaires pour contribuer à leur collectivité. Ils y développent notamment leur leadership par l’entremise de rencontres avec d’autres jeunes Inuit et autochtones et s’activent au sein même de la ville d’Ottawa à la transformation des réalités inuit. / This research seeks to demystify how Inuit youth experience living in Ottawa. Results reveal that, throughout their urban experiences, youth position themselves and negotiate their interactions according to their coexistence with the different elements of their environment. This relationship is constantly adjusting; it pushes them to alter their life in order to feel more comfortable in the city, develop their inner strengths and contribute to the collective effort in Ottawa. By creating comfort zones, finding Inuit spaces and exploring urban resources, the burden of balancing such different lifestyles is greatly mitigated. Inuit youth use their presence in the city to reorient their position within the Inuit world. By building self-confidence and developing skills which permit them to contribute to their community, they also develop leadership. These skills allow them to actively participate in the transformation of Inuit realities while living in Ottawa.

The aim of my diploma work is to evaluate the positives and negatives of the inclusion of tourist attractions, especially municipalities and their attractiveness to the UNESCO list, with examples from the Czech Republic, possibly also abroad. Our country is very rich in historical monuments. The most important of them are inscribed on the UNESCO list. After the Velvet Revolution tourism sharply increased, which resulted in not only the positives, but also negatives. Many dangers of unregulated tourism appeared. Management of tourist destinations must suppress the negative impacts of tourism on attractions and to ensure their sustainable development. I demonstrate this at the towns Telč and Český Krumlov.

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate authentic movement as an effective approach to liberative religious education. Authentic movement is a field of modern dance that focuses on emotional movement and its ability to open access to the human unconsciousness, especially as understood in Carl Jung’s psychological perspective. Through authentic movement, a person is able to glimpse one’s inner self and one’s sense of the Divine, and also to release suppressed feelings, including those feelings evoked by the pressures of social expectations and stereotypes. Authentic movement thus engages persons in a process of religious education that can liberate them toward greater integration with their inner selves and religious experience.

This thesis focus on ethical issues within documentary filmmaking in the largest broadcasting institution in Denmark. It is a case study of the documentary serial Generation Hollywood, produced by Danmarks Radio (DR) in 2016. DR has produced many documentaries, using same style and format as in Generation Hollywood. But something is different with this one, and the thesis aims to find out why this one stands out, from the presumption that ethical issues are involved. It examines the participants’ motives and expectations, DR’s intentions and how ethical issues affected the final product. In the attempt to understand the complexity of ethics, a small sample of interviews are conducted and analyzed and presented together with a partial content analysis. The notions of truth, authenticity, and representation are applied as the theoretical framework to understand: not merely ethical procedures, but underlying feelings possessed by the participants.The thesis brings to light that ethical issues are not only embedded in already established procedures but also caused by unforeseen circumstances and participants’ motives in relation to the project. The research shows how ethical issues affect the final representation, especially concerning authenticity. It also shows how a discrepancy between intentions and expectations, and the understanding of truth (in its start-up phase) impacts the process. Furthermore, it concludes that entertainment demands and modern technology can affect how filmmakers treat people when representing them and it explains how the line between the modern ‘everyday life’ documentary and Reality TV is seemingly blurred.