The essays included in this dissertation develop a fair play account of state legitimacy. I argue for a modest revision to the traditional analysis of legitimacy. I then defend the principle of fair play against common objections. Next, I argue that the principle of fair play is capable of generating all the rights included in the new analysis of legitimacy defended earlier. Finally, I argue that the principle of fair play grounds the legitimacy of existing reasonably just states.

This dissertation is a teacher research study of the ways that young children author themselves by negotiating teacher authority in the context of their dialogue journals. The study detailed herein attempts to discover some of the ways in which young children negotiate teacher authority within the context of a dialogue journal.I collaborated with four second grade students in my multiage classroom who agreed to allow me to analyze the entries in their dialogue journals. We engaged in written dialogue in the context of their journals over two years, from when they were first graders in my multiage class until they left my class at the end of second grade.As a participant observer I used a form of discourse analysis called textual analysis, as mediated by Deborah Tannen's (2005, 2007) work in conversational analysis to unpack the negotiation of teacher authority revealed by the written interactions that took place in the context of the dialogue journals. This study explores the role that the children's personalities, textual competence and relationship with me as their teacher played in shaping their willingness and ability to negotiate teacher authority. It also explores the role my attitudes and actions had in fostering or hindering that negotiation.Implications include the use of ethnographic portraiture to establish context in teacher research, the importance of establishing routines that foster independence in classroom assignments, creating an atmosphere that encourages ownership of the activity in question, the necessity for the teacher to interact with the students in ways that allow them to control the conversation in their dialogue journals, and the importance of periodically reviewing the entire journals to counteract the myopic effect of reading only one journal entry per day. This last is important because when reading only one journal entry at a time it is possible to misinterpret the students' intent, lose sight of context or misinterpret the extent to which the students are engaged in writing in their dialogue journals.

Consider the following Hegelian idea: It is important that we be at home in the social world, and it is deeply problematic if we are not. In this dissertation, I employ concepts of contemporary vintage to specify the meaning of the Hegelian notions of the social world, being at home in the social world, and being alienated from it. I also explicate the value of being at home in one's world and the conditions under which being at home in this manner is possible. This dissertation proceeds in six chapters. In the first chapter, I describe the social world as comprising social institutions and social roles. I argue that being at home in the social world entails identifying with one's roles and institutions. In the second chapter, I argue that an agent realizes the values of meaning and self-determination through pursuing her social roles. Thus, the value of being at home in the social world is that when the world is a home and one perceives it to be such, one can realize the values of meaning and self-determination through participating in its institutions. Moreover, I argue that when one identifies with one's role one thereby has a further weighty reason to conform to the duties that constitute the role--namely, by so doing one achieves the goods of meaning and self-determination. In chapters three through five, I consider whether it is possible to identify with and experience roles characterized by authority structures as homes. Chapters three and four specify the notion of an authority structure. In chapter five, I enumerate the conditions under which an agent can be at home in an authority-claiming institution. In short, I argue that the key conditions are that the institution's authority is justified and that the agent identifies with the institution and her role within it. Finally, in chapter six I develop an implication of chapter four's discussion of authority for the debate in analytic jurisprudence between the proponents of exclusive and inclusive legal positivism. In short, this discussion supports inclusive legal positivism and weighs against exclusive legal positivism.

Project aim – preparation of electronic signature certification authority (CA) project and certificate managing software (information system) prototype. The work reviews the problems of electronic signature infrastructure development in Lithuania. The analytical survey of electronic signature CA was carried out. The standards determining the structure of electronic signature Certificate, CA activities, requirements for Trustworthy Systems Managing Certificates were examined. The organizational structure of CA was prepared and working model was worked out. The workflow model was worked out to depict the hierarchy of certification processes. The use case model were created for certificate issuing, data processing and providing data of revoked certificates. Detail descriptions of information streams between the system and computerized tasks are provided. Structural diagrams on the information streams were created. According to information flows the entity relations diagram was created, the logical structure of data bases (DB) for certificates was developed. The DB Esign of valid certificates and DB Esign_archives of revoked certificates were created. Specification of program modules was made up. Three types of manuals were prepared for system users – a manual for the client, a manual for the user and a manual for the programmer. The certificate managing system prototype was tested. The results of the experiment are presented. For practical realization of the project the... [to full text]

The Shi'ite orthodoxy, represented by the Usuli trend, introduced a new institution, i.e. marja'-i taqlid, in the middle of the thirteenth/nineteenth century when the struggle for the authority of the Imam was heightened by the representatives of speculative thought in Shi'ism. This institution combined the status of the most learned mujtahid with the charisma derived from the vicegerency of the Imam of the Age without committing itself to miraculous performances or directly jeopardizing the ruling establishments. The Usuli orthodoxy successfully fought the Akhbaris' detachment from the formal bases of argumentation on the one hand and the direct pretension to the authority of the Imam by the Sufis and Shaykhis on the other hand. The Usulis not only placed the marja'-i taqlid at the head of the Shi'ite learned hierarchy, but gave his pronouncements as of binding authority for the community. Marja'-i taqlid benefitted from the growth of popular religion among post-Safavid Iranians whose religious alms and charities guaranteed the financial independence of the supreme mujtahids. Marja'-i taqlid played important roles in the socio-political development of the Shi'ite people of Iran and Iraq either by legitimizing their constitutional and reformist movements or opposing colonialist and Westernizationist processes. However, in practice, the institution of marja'iyat escaped any attempts to embed the institution into the constitutional system or into any formal structure of juristic hierarchy.

The aim of this study is to investigate how frequently religious actors participate in public debates, on what subjects and with what arguments. This is done by studying the debate pages of Sweden’s largest tabloid: Aftonbladet. Furthermore, the aim is also to study what forms of authority and arguments the religious actors use while participating in the public sphere. In order to answer the research ques-tions the author takes an abductive approach and uses the theories of deprivatiza-tion and mediatization to conduct a sequential mixed method study of Af-tonbladet’s debate page between the years 2001 and 2011. The results show that very few religious actors participate in public debates in Sweden, and that the small sample of articles signed by religious actors are dominated by the Church of Sweden. The Christian groups are represented by religious authorities to a much larger extent than the Jewish and Muslim groups. However, the arguments used by all groups are predominately secular, which would indicate an acceptance of the secular norm in the public sphere.

Valdymo motyvacija iškyla kaip viena iš svarbiausių švietimo įstaigos vadovo asmenybės charakteristikų. Ji iš esmės įtakoja jo profesinės veiklos charakterį ir specifiką, apibrėžia gyvenimiškos ir valdymo elgsenos strategiją. Amžiaus ir lyties skirtybės, gimimo tvarka ir vaikų šeimoje skaičius yra valdymo motyvacijos formavimo proceso psichologiniai faktoriai, užtikrinantys valdymo siekimo ir vengimo lygį, pasireiškiantį švietimo srities valdymo veiklos būdo specifikoje. Egzistuoja tarpusavio ryšys tarp švietimo įstaigos vadovo valdymo motyvacijos išreiškimo lygio ir tokių psichologinių faktorių, kaip pedagoginės veiklos stažas ir vadovaujamo darbo patirtis. / Motivation of authority acts as the important characteristic of the person of the head of establishment of education; it essentially influences character and specificity of his/her professional work, defining strategy of vital and administrative behavior. Age and gender distinctions, the order of birth and number of children in the family represent itself as psychological factors of process of formation of motivation of authority, providing a level of aspiration and avoiding of the authority, shown in specificity of style of administrative activity in sphere of formation.

This study on IT strategy was conducted at the National Ports Authority of South Africa. Firstly literature review was undertaken in the field of Business Strategy and to a larger extent on IT strategy. This culminated in a model that could be used to benchmark against the IT strategy being used at the National Ports Authority of South Africa. Due consideration was also given to the implementation of strategy in the literature review which could be compared with the implementation of strategy at the National Ports Authority of South Africa. The company situation was thereafter presented and discussed in context with what was covered in the literature review. An impact study of the IT strategy on the business processes at the National Ports Authority was also conducted. Interviews were conducted to determine what was working well and also what was not working well at the National Ports Authority of South Africa. Finally recommendations were provided to the National Ports Authority of South Africa on how to improve the business processes and the strategy formulation process. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

This thesis considers the problem of the representation of individual institutional textual records in archival research tools. While document studies in academic journals point to the value of focussed consideration of various types of records, archives do not have the resources to apply such focus to every item in their holdings, even though these convey the information sought by many researchers. Over the last century, archivists have emphasized description of groups of records, because this provides insight into the context in which documents exist and immense quantities involved left little choice. Recent developments, however, suggest the individual document should be re-visited. This thesis focuses on how formal descriptive systems might be enhanced to allow closer consideration of individual institutional textual records. It reviews the history of description, explores benefits to researchers seeking information from particular documents (e.g. the will) and explores tools created in response, such as contextual authority files.

No description available.