The prescriptive authority for psychologists (RxP) movement contends that psychologists who receive specialized training should attain licensure to prescribe psychotropic medication. The RxP movement has presently culminated in psychologists in the United States prescribing at both the state and federal levels. However, the RxP movement remains contentious, and both supporters and opponents continue to disagree over its validity as a professional movement. Division 17 of the American Psychological Association, the counseling psychology specialty’s professional organization, has not officially discussed the RxP movement since 1994. Given the developments within the RxP movement since then, this study endeavored to investigate the current perceptions of prescriptive authority among the Executive Board leadership of Division 17. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with current and former members of the Executive Board and then used a consensual qualitative research (CQR) methodology to qualitatively generate findings across participants’ responses. Participants shared qualified support of prescriptive authority, despite indicating no interest in prescribing themselves, and they reported that they saw prescriptive practice as consistent with the professional identity of counseling psychology. Participants also suggested that Division 17 could proceed with the RxP movement by developing a Special Task Group (STG) to investigate prescriptive authority among its members. These conclusions indicate that members of the Executive Board are well positioned to lead Division 17 forward in addressing prescriptive authority by creating a STG to further explore the issue for counseling psychology.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1996. / Leaves 31 and 32 bound in reverse order. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-183).

Thesis (M.Hous.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate control activities of selected supervisory authorities in a sphere of consumer protection and to find the opinions and attitudes of selected business entities on supervisory authorities' activities. The thesis includes a questionnaire survey among consumers and controlled in-depth interviews both with business entities and with supervisory authorities. The questionnaire survey confirms or rejects hypotheses of the thesis. Controlled in-depth interviews with selected supervisory authorities focused on their controlling activities. Managed in-depth interviews with business entities aimed to find out their views and attitudes towards supervisory authorities, as well as to identify a scope and a process of controls carried out by supervisory authorities. The thesis further outline how the selected supervisory authorities could evaluate their work with consumers. Changes are mainly concerned with informing consumers of suitable and unsuitable business premises.

An organization constitutes an environment of social relationships. The interdependence of the organization’s members and their nature as human beings create particular effects, which influence social interaction. One of these effects is the focus area of this master thesis – authority. Understanding the dynamics of authority is crucial for designing effective organizations. This thesis contributes to its analysis by performing a qualitative-heuristic literature analysis, which integrates central components of authority into a holistic, cognitive model. These components comprise the origins of authority in organizations, the channels that induce authority, individual characteristics that promote authority, and different categorizations of authority. The cognitive model facilitates the understanding of the process of authority in organizations and allows to deduce its effects on the behavior of organization members. In a second step, the findings on authority are related with two sub-processes of organizational innovation – idea generation and idea validation. Finally, this master thesis concludes six research propositions on the effect of authority on these processes. It argues that authority is likely to constrain idea generation performance, but might facilitate idea selection performance. / En organisation utgörs av en miljö med sociala relationer. Medlemmarnas självständighet inom organisationen och deras sätt att vara människor skapar särskilda effekter som påverkar social interaktion. En av dessa effekter är auktoritet vilket kommer vara huvudämnet för examensarbetet. Att förstå auktoriteters dynamik är avgörande för att kunna utforma effektiva organisationer. Denna uppsats bidrar till ämnet genom en kvalitativ-heuristisk litteratur analys som integrerar centrala delar av auktoritet i en holistisk, kognitiv modell. Dessa komponenter innehåller auktoritetens ursprung inom organisationer, kanaler som inducerar auktoritet, individuella egenskaper som främjar auktoritet och olika kategorier av auktoritet. Den kognitiva modellen underlättar förståelsen och processen av auktoritet inom organisationer. Detta gör det möjligt att härleda effekterna till organisationens medlemmar. Resultaten av att undersöka auktoriteten utmynnar i två delprocesser av innovation i organisationen – idégenerering och idévalidering. Avslutningsvis presenterar uppsatsen sex forskningsförslag angående dess effekt av auktoritet på dessa processer. Resultaten påvisar att auktoriteten kommer begränsa idégenerationens prestanda men kan underlätta idévalets resultat.

The purpose of this research is to explore individual behaviour towards authority. The psychodynamic and phenomenological paradigms are used. Unstructured interviews, conducted on five female consultants, produced themes that provide possible insight into individual behaviour towards authority. These themes were; 'daddy and mommy's little girl', need for attention, approval, to not disappoint and sibling rivalry; anxiety and the use of defense mechanisms; conditions for acceptance and/or comfort; dependency for support; clear and/or rigid boundaries; split in experience towards authority; fear of authority; power struggle; and counterdependency. These themes suggest that individual's project and transfer feelings, fantasies, expectations and wishes of their experiences with their parents, their earliest authority figures, onto other authority figures, for example, their managers. The hypothesis generated was "past experiences with authority figures influences individual experiences and hence behaviour towards present authority figures". / Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

To interpret is to seek understanding. This formulation hides as much as it reveals and I propose to unpack it. I argue that interpreting is only a part of what legal theorists and practitioners do. In Part I, I attempt an ‘in vitro’ analysis and present the bare concept of interpretation: interpretation is an activity that needs an object; interpreting is reasoning about meaning when there is a possibility of mistake about that meaning. Part II focuses on two domains of interpretation: musical performance and adjudication. I rely on Joseph Raz’s account of interpretation as explanation or display and identify the former domain as a paradigm of display and the latter as a paradigm of explanation. Both are examples of interpretation for others and involve a claim to theoretical authority on the part of interpreters. But, unlike musicians- who interpret only works of music- judges interpret a great variety of objects. Musical interpretation is identified by its object, whereas legal interpretation is not. Legal interpretation is explanation of legal meaning. I then discuss the tenets of the minimalist view of legal interpretation: (i) legal rules are not interpretable and legal texts are not primary objects of legal interpretation; (ii) there is a difference between interpretative authority (a form of theoretical authority) and legal authority (a form of practical authority) and interpretative conclusions can be theoretically authoritative without being exclusionary reasons for action; (iii) Interpreting and adjudicating are different activities. Interpretation explains, adjudication resolves. Legal interpreters do not produce legal rules: they are required to be guided by them.

The White Paper on National Transport Policy (SA, 1996:12) identified the fragmentation of functions between different spheres of government as one of the main obstacles besetting the effective development and management of the transport system. It endorsed one of the principles in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Ad 108 of 1996, to devolve functions to the lowest appropriate sphere of government if it could be more effectively handled and if there was capacity to perform the functions. In pursuing the above objective, the purpose of this study was to determine the functionality of the West Rand District Municipality in terms of administrative as well as economic and transport management principles to fulfil the role as a transport authority in terms of the NLTTA for its present area of jurisdiction. The study therefore addressed the legal framework as well as transport and economic indicators defining the functional area of a transport authority. In determining the nature and extent of functions as fulfilled by the respective municipalities, use was made of dichotomous questionnaires. These findings were also supported with technical data based on surveys conducted through the Gauteng Household Travel Survey (2000) and the Operating Licensing Strategy (200212003). To further operationalise the research objectives of this study, and touching on Great Britain's transport experience over the past 75 years, a comparison was made between the present status of Transport Authorities in the United Kingdom, compared to those in South Africa (Gauteng Province). Upon analysing the empirical findings it was evident that the establishment of a Transport Authority for the area of jurisdiction of the West Rand would enable the WRDM to deliver on the following number of fronts: • Coherent Alignment to a Common Vision • Integration of Transport System • Control over Transport Modes • Optimised Utilisation of Funds To create a conducive environment for a West Rand Transport Authority to improve its functionality, it was recommended that serious attention be given to aspects such as funding mechanisms, legality of municipal entities, clarity on the status of transport powers at municipal level of government, assignment of functions and human resource capacity. Upon conclusion it was agreed that the successful implementation of a functional transport authority for the West Rand will be dependant, not only upon technical expertise and management and by resolving the above issues, but also on political support. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Beginning in the 1930's a debate emerged within the American Anthropological Association over applied versus pure research. With a few exceptions the members refused to endorse or support the attempt to introduce applied anthropology as a discipline recognized by the Association. This refusal resulted in the creation of a separate organization, the Society for Applied Anthropology, in 1941. In order to prove the validity of their discipline the members of the Society needed an opportunity. That opportunity appeared with the signing of Executive Order 9066, which authorized the forced removal of Japanese-Americans from the west coast. Members of the Society believed the employment of applied anthropologists by the War Relocation Authority would demonstrate the value of their discipline. When provided with this opportunity, however, applied anthropology failed.

This diploma thesis process design documentation of municipal authority building in Ivanovice na Háné, near Vyškov. The building is designed as two-floor free standing house, without basement on flat terrain, not surrounded by any objects. Floor plan is irregular, the height of building is different in some parts. The building has three provisionally parts, the municipal authority building, technical services and library. The construction system consists of full-wall wood panels Novatop. Project documentation was processed for realization building in computer program Archicad.