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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Relationship between Single-family Residential Water Use and Its Determinants: A Spatio-Temporal Study of Phoenix, Arizona

January 2013 (has links)
abstract: The dynamics of urban water use are characterized by spatial and temporal variability that is influenced by associated factors at different scales. Thus it is important to capture the relationship between urban water use and its determinants in a spatio-temporal framework in order to enhance understanding and management of urban water demand. This dissertation aims to contribute to understanding the spatio-temporal relationships between single-family residential (SFR) water use and its determinants in a desert city. The dissertation has three distinct papers to support this goal. In the first paper, I demonstrate that aggregated scale data can be reliably used to study the relationship between SFR water use and its determinants without leading to significant ecological fallacy. The usability of aggregated scale data facilitates scientific inquiry about SFR water use with more available aggregated scale data. The second paper advances understanding of the relationship between SFR water use and its associated factors by accounting for the spatial and temporal dependence in a panel data setting. The third paper of this dissertation studies the historical contingency, spatial heterogeneity, and spatial connectivity in the relationship of SFR water use and its determinants by comparing three different regression models. This dissertation demonstrates the importance and necessity of incorporating spatio-temporal components, such as scale, dependence, and heterogeneity, into SFR water use research. Spatial statistical models should be used to understand the effects of associated factors on water use and test the effectiveness of certain management policies since spatial effects probably will significantly influence the estimates if only non-spatial statistical models are used. Urban water demand management should pay attention to the spatial heterogeneity in predicting the future water demand to achieve more accurate estimates, and spatial statistical models provide a promising method to do this job. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Sustainability 2013
162

Application of Gis in Temporal and Spatial Analyses of Dengue Fever Outbreak : Case of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Achu, Denis January 2009 (has links)
Since Dengue fever (DF) and its related forms, Dengue Hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) have become important health concerns worldwide, it is also imperative to develop methods which will help in the analysis of the incidences. Dengue fever cases are growing in number as it also invades widely, affecting larger number of countries and crossing climatic boundaries. Considering that the disease as of now has neither an effective vaccine nor a cure, monitoring in order to prevent or control is the resorted alternative. GIS and its related technologies offer a wealth of interesting capabilities towards achieving this goal. The intention of this study was to develop methods to describe dengue fever outbreaks taking Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as a case study. Careful study of Census data with appropriate attributes was made to find out their potential influence on dengue fever incidence in the various regions or census districts. Dengue incidence data from year 2000 to year 2008 reported by the municipal secretariat of Rio was used to extract the necessary census districts. Base map files in MapInfo format were converted to shape files.  Using ArcGIS it was possible to merge the dengue fever incidence data with the available base map file of the City of Rio according to corresponding census districts. Choropleth maps were then created using different attributes from which patterns and trends could be used to describe the characteristic of the outbreak with respect to the socio-economic conditions. Incidence data were also plotted in Excel to see temporal variations. Cluster analysis were performed with the Moran I technique on critical periods and years of dengue outbreak. Using the square root of dengue incidence from January to April 2002 and 2008, inverse distance was selected as the conceptualised spatial relationship, Euclidean distance as the distance method. More detailed analyses were then done on the selected critical years of dengue outbreak, (years 2002 and 2008), to investigate the influence of socio-economic variables on dengue incidence per census district.   Dengue incidence rate appeared to be higher during the rainy and warmer months between December and May. Outbreaks of dengue occurred in years 2002 and 2008 over the study period of year 2000 to 2008. Some factors included in the census data were influential in the dengue prevalence according to districts. Satisfactory results can be achieved by using this strategy as a quick method for assessing potential dengue attack, spread and possible enabling conditions. The method has the advantage where there is limited access to field work, less financial means for acquisition of data and other vital resources. A number of difficulties were encountered during the study however and leaves areas where further work can be done for improvements. More variables would be required in order to make a complete and comprehensive description of influential conditions and factors.  There is still a gap in the analytical tools required for multi-dimensional investigations as the ones encountered in this study.  It is vital to integrate ‘GPS’ and ‘Remote Sensing’ in order to obtain a variety of up-to-date data with higher resolution.
163

Autocorrelação espacial e variação craniométrica em populações humanas modernas / Space autocorrelation and craniometric variation in modern human populations

Prado, Juliana Silva 14 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-09-03T12:14:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Silva Prado - 2018.pdf: 3426266 bytes, checksum: 8677cc417b12183a4ded6032cee7d911 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T11:37:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Silva Prado - 2018.pdf: 3426266 bytes, checksum: 8677cc417b12183a4ded6032cee7d911 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T11:37:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Silva Prado - 2018.pdf: 3426266 bytes, checksum: 8677cc417b12183a4ded6032cee7d911 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Understanding what factors are behind human morphological variation has for many years been one of the key objectives of various research fields, namely evolutionary, genetic and anthropological biology. The morphological diversity of the human skull sparks great scientific interest, seeing as though quantitative data (due to the genetic complexity in play) showing the patterns of microevolution is useful for analyzing and understanding matters concerning the evolutionary history of populations, such as dispersal, gene flow, isolation by distance, large-scale expansion, among others. For this purpose, the use of multivariate techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), has been supported to assess the human genetic variation on continents. Within this context, the key objective of this article was to characterize human cranial variation, utilizing PCA and Multivariate Spatial Correlation (MSC), so as to assess and identify possible evolutionary processes that contributed to the variation observed. To this end, cranial measurements available on the database obtained by W. Howells (57 variables), sourced from 1248 adult male specimens distributed throughout 30 locations (populations) in the world, were utilized. The results show that there has been spatial structuration of data, as indicated by the spatial autocorrelation statistics (Mantel Test 0.4077, P = 0.001; 59,64% of Moran's Index value with 0.05 significance and average correlogram with positive values in the first few distance bands and negative values in the subsequent bands). The use of PCA and MSC demonstrated that MSC was able to best capture the spatial pattern of data, increasing variation percentages from 54,74% to 69,33% in the first two principal components, where the techniques showed that 26 variables relative to cranial size had positive correlations in these components. The mapping and multivariate regression analyses utilizing environmental data and average dispersion age showed that the variation in the cranial size of populations followed a pattern of increase in cranial size correlated with low temperatures and recent colonization. The results obtained are consistent with Bergmann's Rule, which may thus be applied to modern humans. / Compreender quais são os fatores que estão por trás da variação morfológica humana tem sido há muitos anos um dos principais objetivos de diversas áreas de pesquisa, destacando a biologia evolutiva, genética e antropologia. A diversidade morfológica do crânio humano desperta grande interesse científico, onde o uso de dados quantitativos (devido à complexidade genética que o influencia) demostrando a atuação de processos microevolutivos, é útil para analisar e buscar compreender questões relativas a história evolutiva das populações, como eventos de dispersão genética, fluxo gênico, isolamento por distância e expansão em grande escala, dentre outros. Para tal, o uso das técnicas multivariadas, como a Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), tem sido defendido para se avaliar a variação genética humana em regiões continentais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo central deste trabalho foi caracterizar a variação craniana humana, utilizando a PCA e a técnica de Correlação Espacial Multivariada (MSC), a fim de avaliar e identificar possíveis processos evolutivos que contribuíram para a variação observada. Para tal propósito, foram utilizadas as características métricas cranianas disponíveis no banco de dados obtido por W. Howells (57 variáveis) proveniente de 1248 espécimes adultos do sexo masculino distribuídos em 30 localidades (populações) pelo mundo. Os resultados demonstraram que houve estruturação espacial dos dados, indicado pelas estatísticas de autocorrelação espacial (Teste de Mantel 0.4077, P = 0.001; 59,64% dos índices I de Moran significativos a 0.05, e correlograma médio com valores positivos nas primeiras classes de distância e negativos nas seguintes). O uso da PCA e do MSC demonstraram que a técnica do MSC capturou melhor o padrão espacial dos dados, aumentando os valores da percentagem de variação passando de 54,74% para 69,33% nos 2 primeiros componentes principais, onde as técnicas demonstraram que 26 variáveis correspondentes a tamanho neurocraniano, possuíam correlações positivas nos dois primeiros componentes principais. Os mapas sintéticos e as análises de regressão multivariada utilizando dados ambientais e idade média de dispersão demonstraram que a variação do tamanho do crânio nas populações seguiu um padrão de aumento do tamanho craniano correlacionado a temperaturas baixas e idade de colonização recente. Os resultados obtidos são condizentes com a Regra Ecogeográfica de Bergmann, que pode então ser aplicada a humanos modernos.
164

Estrutura genética intrapopulacional e dispersão de pólen em Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) / Intrapopulation genetic structure and pollen dispersal in Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae)

Costa, Camila Fernanda 23 March 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T17:26:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Fernanda Costa - 2013.pdf: 2572672 bytes, checksum: 54a6e93e72c746e4888a6f3583d4f3ac (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T17:49:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Fernanda Costa - 2013.pdf: 2572672 bytes, checksum: 54a6e93e72c746e4888a6f3583d4f3ac (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T17:49:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Fernanda Costa - 2013.pdf: 2572672 bytes, checksum: 54a6e93e72c746e4888a6f3583d4f3ac (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Hancornia speciosa (Apocynaceae) is a fruit species which has a wide distribution in areas of Cerrado vegetation type restricted sense. Its flowers have a complex pollination mechanism and unique, co-adapted to pollination by moths and butterflies and their fruits are dispersed by mammals large and medium-sized. It has high economic potential and its use has been conducted in an exploratory way. To implement conservation programs, breeding and enabling the commercial use of species, knowledge about the genetic variability, the spatial genetic structure, the reproductive system and gene flow in natural populations are needed. In this context, in the present study was performed the molecular characterization of the genetic variability in three stages of individuals (adults, juveniles and seedlings) and the assessment of genetic structure spatial (adults and juveniles), of the system of crossing and of the gene flow via pollen in a subpopulation of Hancornia speciosa located in the State Park of Serra de Jaragua, Jaragua-GO. To this end, 113 adults and 100 juveniles were sampled and georeferenced in an area of approximately 2.5ha. Of the total number of adults, 20 trees were selected matrices to obtain seedlings and formation of families of open pollination. Genomic DNA was obtained from the leaves of all individuals (adults, juveniles and seedlings) and was amplified with the use of seven microsatellite loci for obtaining of genotypes. The analyzes of genetic diversity, of spatial structure, rates of cross-fertilization and distance of dispersal of pollen were obtained from these genotypes. The total number of alleles at seven loci evaluated was 125, with an average of 17.8 alleles per locus. For adults the mean allele was 15.8, for the juveniles was 13.5and the seedlings were 11alleles. The average total values of heterozigosidade expected (He) and observed (Ho) were equal to 0.750 and 0.698, respectively. In adults He = 0.750 and Ho =0.714, in juveniles He =0.744 and Ho =0.679 and in seedlings He = 0. 712 and Ho =0. 763. These values indicate that the subpopulation evaluated presents high levels of genetic diversity. The fixation index(f) waspositive and significantforthe generations ofadults(0.052, p <0.05)andjuvenile(0.087, p <0.05), indicating the existence of inbreeding in this subpopulation. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation evidenced that kinship is weakly related to the geographical distance in in bothstagesof lifeevaluated (adults: b= -0.00223, R2 = 0. 000514, p < 0.05 and juveniles: b: - 0.00440, R2 = 0.00148489; p < 0.001).Concomitantly the values of Sp were low and the size of neighborhoods (Nb) were high for the two generations. This result shows that there is no restriction of gene flow via seed and corroborates the hypothesis that the dispersal by animals have high potential to disperse the seeds over long distances.The rates of crossfertilization multilocus (tm= 1.000) and single locus (ts = 0.972 a 1.29) were high and significantly different from zero in all families. The difference in the rate of the crossfertilization multilocus and single locus combined for all families analyzed (tm-ts = 0. 077) was also positive and significant, suggesting that 7% of crossings that occur in this population are between related individuals. The correlation of selfing negative(rs=-0.999), indicates absence of selfing and the correlation of paternity(rp=0.107) not significantly different from zero (SD = 0.135) shows that this subpopulation no full siblings. Every subpopulation resulting outcrossing and individuals are evaluated relatives at least to the 15 level of half-brothers. The paternity analysis assigned pollen donors to 75.2% (64) seedlings, and 24 (37.5%) assignments at a confidence level of 85%, 30 (46.8%) assignments at 95% probability assignments and 10(15.6%) at a confidence level of 99%.This low assignment can be explained by sampling: due to the size of the total area of the population and distribution in aggregate, many individuals may not have been sampled. Moreover, the loci battery used in this analysis could not demonstrated the optimal values for the combined exclusion. Although the maximum distance of pollination has been of 292m and covers the entire area evaluated, most events of pollination (77%) occurred at distances less than 200m. The flowering in mass, the distribution in aggregate and the floral structure are the main responsible for predominance of events of cross-pollination at short distances. / Hancornia speciosa (Apocynaceae) é uma espécie frutífera que apresenta distribuição ampla em áreas de fitofisionomia de Cerrado sentido restrito. Suas flores possuem um mecanismo de polinização complexo e único, adaptado á polinização por mariposas e borboletas. Seus frutos são dispersos por mamíferos de grande e médio porte. Possui alto potencial econômico e sua utilização tem sido realizada de forma exploratória. Para implementar programas de conservação e melhoramento, conhecimentos a cerca da variabilidade genética, da estrutura genética espacial, do sistema reprodutivo e do fluxo gênico nas populações naturais são necessários. Nesse contexto, no presente estudo foi realizada a caracterização molecular da variabilidade genética em três estágios de indivíduos (adultos, juvenis e plântulas) e a avaliação da estrutura genética espacial (adultos e juvenis), do sistema de cruzamento e do fluxo gênico via pólen em uma subpopulação de Hancornia speciosa localizada na região do Parque Estadual da Serra de Jaraguá, Jaraguá-GO. Para tanto, 113 indivíduos adultos e 100 juvenis foram amostrados e georeferenciados em uma área de aproximadamente 2,5 ha. Do total de adultos, 20 árvores matrizes foram selecionadas para obtenção de plântulas e formação das famílias de polinização aberta. O DNA genômico foi obtido a partir das folhas de todos os indivíduos (adultos, juvenis e plântulas) e foi amplificado com o uso de sete locos microssatélites para obtenção dos genótipos. As análises de diversidade genética, de estrutura espacial, taxas de fecundação cruzada e distância de dispersão de pólen foram obtidas a partir desses genótipos. O número total de alelos nos sete locos avaliados foi de 125, com média de 17,8 alelos por loco. Para os indivíduos adultos a média de alelos foi de 15,8, para os juvenis foi de 13,5 e nas plântulas foi de 11 alelos. Os valores totais médios de heterozigosidade esperada (He) e observada (Ho) foram iguais a 0, 750 e 0, 698. Nos adultos He = 0, 750 e Ho =0, 714, nos juvenis He =0, 744 e Ho =0, 679 e nas plântulas He = 0, 712 e Ho =0, 763. Esses valores indicam que a subpopulação avaliada apresenta altos níveis de diversidade genética. O índice de fixação (f) foi positivo e significativo para as gerações de indivíduos adultos (0, 052; p < 0, 05) e juvenis (0, 087; p < 0, 05), indicando a existência de endogamia nessa subpopulação. A análise de autocorrelação espacial evidenciou que o parentesco está fracamente relacionado com a distância geográfica em ambas as gerações de indivíduos avaliadas (adultos: b= -0, 00223, R2 = 0, 000514, p < 0,05 e juvenis: b: - 0, 00440, R2 = 0, 00148489; p < 0, 001). Concomitantemente os valores de Sp foram baixos e o tamanho das vizinhanças (Nb) foram altos para as duas gerações. Esse resultado mostra que não existe restrição ao fluxo gênico via semente e corrobora com a hipótese de que a dispersão por animais tem alto potencial para dispersar as sementes a longas distâncias. As taxas de cruzamento multiloco (tm = 1, 000) e uniloco (ts =0, 972 a 1, 29) foram altas e significativamente diferentes de zero em todas as famílias. A diferença da taxa de fecundação cruzada multiloco e uniloco combinada para todas as famílias analisadas (tm-ts = 0, 077) também foi positiva e significativa, sugerindo que 7% dos cruzamentos que ocorrem nessa população são entre indivíduos aparentados. A correlação de autofecundação negativa (rs = -0,999) indica ausência de autofecundação e a correlação de paternidade (rp= 0,107) não significativamente diferente de zero (SD = 0,135) mostra que 13 nessa subpopulação não existem irmãos completos. Toda a subpopulação é resultante de fecundação cruzada e os indivíduos avaliados são parentes no mínimo ao nível de meiosirmãos. A análise de paternidade atribuiu doadores de pólen para 75,2 % (64) plântulas, sendo 24 (37,5 %) atribuições ao nível de confiança de 85%, 30 (46,8%) atribuições ao nível de 95% de probabilidade e 10 atribuições, 15,6% ao nível de confiança de 99%. Essa baixa atribuição pode ser explicada pela amostragem: devido ao tamanho da área total da população e a distribuição em agregado, muitos indivíduos podem não ter sido amostrados. Além disso, a bateria de locos usada nessa análise não apresentou os valores considerados ótimos de probabilidade de exclusão combinada. Embora a distância máxima de polinização tenha sido de 292m e abrange toda a área avaliada, a maior parte dos eventos de polinização (77%) ocorreu a distâncias inferiores a 200m. A floração em massa, a distribuição em agregado e a estrutura floral são os principais responsáveis pelo predomínio de eventos de polinização cruzada a curtas distâncias.
165

Estimação da demanda aérea por transporte de passageiros com um modelo gravitacional ampliado

Carvalho, Claudio Luiz de 23 April 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-04T20:23:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 claudioluizdecarvalho.pdf: 1237703 bytes, checksum: 32187853fc58c41f6d31975a9a0c1b13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:23:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 claudioluizdecarvalho.pdf: 1237703 bytes, checksum: 32187853fc58c41f6d31975a9a0c1b13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claudioluizdecarvalho.pdf: 1237703 bytes, checksum: 32187853fc58c41f6d31975a9a0c1b13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Resumo: A literatura de transporte raramente considera a influência da interação espacial e das redes sociais sobre os fluxos de passageiros. A presente dissertação possui como objetivo a estimação da demanda de transporte aéreo por meio de dados na forma de fluxos de passageiros entre pares origem-destino (O-D), utilizando como método de estimação o modelo gravitacional ampliado, incorporando efeitos fixos, espaciais e de rede. Em relação ao modelo gravitacional, sua especificação se mostrou adequada nas estimações mostrando que tanto o tamanho dos municípios quanto a distância que os separa são variáveis relevantes para explicar o fluxo de passageiros entre os mesmos. O que mostra que a ―massa‖ do município, o PIB ou a população, são os principais determinantes para o incremento de passageiros em rotas aéreas, e que a distância se mostra uma restrição relevante para este incremento. Além disso, as variáveis que captam a autocorrelação espacial no modelo, ainda que menos significativas, são relevantes para explicar o fluxo de passageiros. / Abstract: The transport demand literature has rarely considered the influence of geographical interation or social network on passenger flows. This work aims to estimate air transport demand using an extended gravity model, controlling for spatial and network effects. As to the Gravity Model, the extended specification has been proper and has demonstrated the relevance of economic masses (GDP and population) as well the distance to explain passengers flows between the cities. Although spatial autocorrelation is a little significant, it is still useful to explain air passengers flow demand.
166

[en] BEHAVIORAL FINANCE AND BOX AND JENKINS METHODOLOGY: AN APPLICATION ON THE BRAZILIAN MARKET / [pt] FINANÇAS COMPORTAMENTAIS E METODOLOGIA BOX E JENKINS: UMA APLICAÇÃO NO MERCADO BRASILEIRO

RODRIGO BASTOS PINTO 02 August 2006 (has links)
[pt] Esta dissertação aborda um tema bastante recente e ainda controverso, intitulado Finanças Comportamentais. O estudo se inicia com a apresentação de alguns dos conceitos e estudos já realizados nesta área, onde estão inseridas algumas críticas à hipótese de mercado eficiente e à idéia de caminho aleatório. Estas críticas levam a outros três conceitos, conhecidos como auto-correlação entre os retornos, reversão a média e previsibilidade do retorno de ativos, que são, na verdade, o interesse central do trabalho. Para explorar estes três conceitos será aplicada a metodologia de Box&Jenkins sobre as séries de retornos diários das 50 ações mais líquidas listadas na BOVESPA, sendo que o período analisado vai de 01/01/1994 até 31/12/2005. Ao final, conclui-se que existem evidências de autocorrelação entre os retornos diários das ações, que existe uma possível indicação de que os retornos oscilam em torno de uma média e de que o modelo de previsão baseado em resultados passados tem performance, apenas, razoável. / [en] This dissertation approaches a very recent and controversial issue named Behavioral Finance. So, this work begins presenting some of the concepts and studies carried out in the area, where some criticism of the efficient market hypothesis and the random walk idea is made. This criticism drives to another three concepts: autocorrelation of asset return, mean reversion and predictability of asset return, which, indeed, are the central issues of this work. To explore these three concepts the Box&Jenkins model will be applied on daily return time series of the most 50 liquid stocks listed in the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA), between 01/011994 thru 12/31/2005. At the end, the study concludes that exist autocorrelation evidences among daily returns, that there is a possible indication of mean reversion, and that the forecast model based on past results has just a regular performance.
167

Predictive Mapping of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis at the County Level in the State of Florida

Moradi, Ali 02 November 2016 (has links)
Introduction: One of the major barriers to developing an accurate tuberculosis (TB) surveillance program for Florida is the design and implementation of a sampling system that will adequately monitor and predict varying sizes and characteristics of county-level vulnerable endemic sub-populations and their explanatory covariates (e.g., living or working in a residential care facility). The aim of this research study is to envision an endemic, tuberculosis-related web-based interface for use by public health officials in the State of Florida which includes generating essential information such as a real-time syndrome-based reporting to regulate automated and immediate 'Alerts' to public health officials, doctors, hospitals and local community in ArcGIS. This study demonstrates the capability of an autocorrelation, time series, epidemiological, interpolative, and vulnerable predictive ArcGIS model to target tuberculosis at the county-level in the state of Florida. Methodology: The data for constructing an autocorrelation, probabilistic paradigm was acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] in Atlanta, Georgia. The full dataset contained two points in time, allowing estimation of a mixed binomial model that aided in predicting the probability of tuberculosis by county. The random effects term in the ArcGIS model was comprised of spatially structured and stochastic effects (i.e., spatially unstructured) terms. These terms substituted for covariates in the model. The assumption was that random effects term in the endemic, TB–related, explanative, county-level, risk model had a frequency distribution that was bell-shaped (i.e., normally/Gaussian distributed) with a mean of zero. Results: The results indicated the empirical estimate had a mean of 0.0197 with a Shapiro-Wilk normality probability of 0.0027. The mean in the model was not exactly zero, although the forecasts indicated 0.06, which was not significantly different from zero. It was noted that the frequency distribution deviated from a bell-shaped curve. This random effects term accounted for roughly 41% of the variability in the observed probability of TB by county and yielded an under dispersed binomial model. An eigenvector spatial filter description of the random effects term involved 5 of 18 total eigenvectors, which portrayed noticeable positive spatial autocorrelation. The decomposition algorithm also revealed 4 of 25 eigenvectors portraying noticeable negative spatial autocorrelation. These two spatial filter components accounted for, respectively, roughly 16% and 10% of the variability in the probability of TB by county. The spatially unstructured random effects component accounted for roughly 15% of this variability. The final model revealed that from 2015 to 2020, Duval, Orange, and Broward counties would require immediate intervention in order to prevent TB transmission. The model also revealed that from 2025 to 2040 Hillsborough and Palm Beach counties could become hyper-endemic without implementation of control strategies. Conclusion: An endemic, TB-related, ArcGIS, autocorrelation eigenanalyses forecast, paradigm may be employed by public health officials in Florida to target, vulnerable, county level ,populations A Precede-Proceed model-based reporting mechanism may help disseminate the ArcGIS model results and help regulate automated and immediate 'Alerts' to public health officials, doctors, hospitals and local community at the county-level. An ArcGIS, web-based, epidemiological tool for data entry and communication can also allow real-time , predictive, real-time mapping of any TB county outbreaks Precede –Proceed model may be employed by county-level public health officials in Florida to disseminate and prioritize county-level, TB model, epidemiological, information to their constituents. In so doing, factors regulating outbreaks of county-level TB may be accurately identified.
168

Vývoj bytové výstavby v souvislosti s regionálním populačním vývojem Česka / Development of housing construction in the context of regional population development in Czechia

Janda, Martin January 2021 (has links)
Development of housing construction in the context of regional population development in Czechia Abstract The main aim of the thesis is to analyze and describe the development of housing construction in the context of regional population development in the Czech Republic in the years 2000- 2019. Spatial autocorrelation (LISA) and Webb's graph, which is used in analyzes of regional population development, were used for data analysis. Areas with above-average and, on the contrary, below-average housing construction are observed in four five-year periods. These areas are mutually compared in terms of their population development. The main result of the thesis is the confirmation of the assumption that in most cases, areas with above-average housing construction are also characterized by above-average population growth and are located in the hinterland of large cities (especially Prague) as part of the suburbanization process. Keywords: population development, housing construction, Webb's graph, spatial autocorrelation, Czechia
169

Určování základního hlasového tónu / Estimation of pitch period

Matuštík, Daniel January 2013 (has links)
This diploma thesis with estimation of pitch period of the human voice. The paper listed some of the methods for Estimation of pitch period and method for preprocessing and final processing of the signal after application of functions to determine the frequency of the pitch period in graphical user interface.
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Beherrschung stark korrelierter Logistik- und Produktions-Prozesse: Schlussbericht zu dem IGF-Vorhaben Beherrschung stark korrelierter Logistik- und Produktions-Prozesse (Autokorrelierte Auftragsstroeme)

Rank, Sebastian, Uhlig, Tobias, Schmidt, Thorsten, Rose, Oliver January 2013 (has links)
Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens wurde das Wirken von Autokorrelation auf das Verhalten von Materialflusssystemen anhand von Realdaten analysiert. Hintergrund waren theoretische Untersuchungen, die einen deutlichen Einfluss von abhängigen Ereignissen auf die Leistung von Materialflusssystemen erkennen lassen. Mit Hilfe der Projektpartner konnte eine große Menge von Echtdaten zusammengetragen werden. Insgesamt wurden 52 Datensätze auf zeitliche Abhängigkeiten der Ereignisse untersucht. Dabei bestätigte sich die Vermutung, dass Autokorrelation durch z. B. Batchbildung oder Prioritätsregeln allgegenwärtig in Erscheinung tritt. In ca. 95 % aller Datensätze konnte signifikant Autokorrelation nachgewiesen werden. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung konnten eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Korrelationsstrukturen nachgewiesen werden. Diese unterschieden sich sowohl in der Stärke, in der Ausprägung (positiv oder negativ) als auch im Abklingverhalten. Der größte Einfluss auf das Systemverhalten geht von der Stärke und der Ausprägung der Autokorrelationskoefizienten aus. Im Rahmen des Projektes konnten unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Erzeugung autokorrelierter Ereignisse identifiziert und bewertet werden. Beispielhaft zu erwähnen ist die TES-Methode, der Minification- bzw. Maxification-Ansatz oder spezielle Markov-Ketten. Als am besten geeignet hat sich der sog. ARTA-Ansatz herausgestellt. Der ARTA-Ansatz wurde in einer Java-basierenden Software-Bibliothek namens „JARTA“ umgesetzt. Diese ist frei verfügbar sowie variabel und einfach einsetzbar. Durch das Forschungsvorhaben wurde das Bewusstsein um das Auftreten und Wirken von Autokorrelation in logistischen Systemen geschärft. Projektpartner bestätigen, dass durch gezielte Untersuchung auf Abhängigkeiten Fehler bei der Systementwicklung und beim Systembetrieb verringert werden konnten.

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