Objectives: The objectives of this research were to gain a detailed understanding of approaches, facilitators and constraints to creating an optimal motivational climate within elite youth soccer programs in North America by examining the insights of expert coaches in this field. Design and Method: By using a case study design, six coaches were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format which explored perceptions about and key aspects of the optimal motivational climate and identified specific strategies while reporting challenges to the process of creating the desired climate. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify major recurring themes that occurred amongst the participant responses and then discussed from the perspective of existing motivational frameworks. Results: Five dimensions of the desired motivational climate emerged from the theming: developing the autonomous player, connectedness, the opportunity for player advancement, failure as part of the process, and context may have an influence on the climate. Five specific strategies used in creating the desired motivational climate were identified: communication within the group, player advancement, modeling, selection/de-selection, and communication with parents. Five challenges to creating the desired climate surfaced: contact time with the athletes, parents/parental involvement, consistency within club staff, player movement within the club, and mentality of the player coming into the club. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that coaches tried to create a motivational climate that was autonomy supportive and task involving. Some aspects of the motivational climate were consistent however with facets of an ego-involving climate. It was also found that parents were believed to have an impact on the motivational environment surrounding the players. The research highlights the complexity of motivational climate in elite youth soccer programs and demonstrates the need for further exploration into education for coaches as well as observation and intervention-based research. / Graduate

Bakgrund: Globalt sett ökar debatten gällande vaccinationer inom såväl vården som samhället i stort. Årligen skapas även ett nytt influensavaccin anpassat för det virus som tros dominera under säsongen. Sjuksköterskor som arbetar i vården behöver även indirekt ta personlig ställning till om de vill vaccinera sig mot influensa.  Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskans inställning till att vaccineras mot influensa. Metod: En kvalitativ metod tillämpades för att beskriva sjuksköterskornas upplevelser gällande vaccination. Databaserna Cinahl complete och Medline with full text användes för att hitta vetenskapliga artiklar som grund för litteraturöversikten. Totalt tio kvalitativa artiklar analyserades för att forma teman som svar på syftet. Resultat: Resultatet utgörs av fem teman: influensavaccin upplevdes som mindre viktigt, negativa erfarenheter av influensavaccination, autonomi och önskan om mer information.  Diskussion: Sjuksköterskorna hade en negativ inställning till influensavaccination samt att de uppgav deras egna kunskaper om sådan vaccination som bristfällig. Inom sjukvården är det av vikt att sjuksköterskor innehar evidensbaserade kunskaper för att kunna utbilda patienterna gällande influensa och influensavaccination. I enlighet med Jean Watsons holistiska beskrivning av sjuksköterskans arbete har även sjuksköterskan ett moraliskt ansvar att skydda och värna om patientens säkerhet gentemot sjukdomar och smittspridning. / Background: Globally, the debate regarding vaccinations in both healthcare and society is increasing. Each year, a new flu vaccine adapted for the virus that is believed to dominate during the season is also created. Nurses working in health care indirectly need to take a personal position on whether they want to vaccinate themselves or not against influenza. Aim: The aim was to describe nurse’s attitude towards being vaccinated against influenza.   Method: A qualitative method was used to describe the nurses' experiences regarding vaccination. The Cinahl complete and Medline with full text databases were used to find scientific articles as the basis for the literature review. A total of ten qualitative articles were analyzed to form themes in response to the purpose. Results: The result consists of five themes: influenza vaccine was perceived as less important, negative experiences of influenza vaccination, autonomy and the desire for more information. Discussion: The nurses had a negative attitude towards influenza vaccination and they stated their own knowledge about such vaccination as inadequate. In health care, it is important that nurses possess evidence-based knowledge in order to be able to educate patients regarding influenza and influenza vaccination. In accordance with Jean Watson's holistic description of the nurse's work, the nurse also has a moral responsibility to protect and guard the patient's safety against disease and spread of infection.

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This thesis work is a discussion on the relations between architecture and ideologies. Architecture possesses the unequivocal social and cultural power to produce representations of political coexistence through exemplary forms of built reality. As such, Architecture becomes a tool of communication; it can manifest power and  embody ideologies.Throughout history we can observe how political ideas influenced our built reality. A period in which architecture became a crucial role in forming national identities, were the fascist movements in Italy and Germany. Still today, these ideas can be traced in form of buildings and architecture; a ‚problematic heritage‘ which has to be discussed. For my thesis project, the Congress Hall on the Nazi Party Rally Ground in Nuremberg served as a case study. A building which was constructed to manifest an abhorrent ideology, but also a building with greatest architectural qualities. The repulsive attitude towards Nazism cannot be challenged. However, the built heritage that manifests this attitude is still part of our built environment. This statement lead me to my thesis question; How can a building be freed from its subservient ideologies and forces, it was built for? A very sensitive and difficult question. Architecture, buildings and material can not be fascistic, but intentions can be. The only possibility to dissociate the building from the ideology it was built for, is to associate it with new ones. My proposal should not be understood as a final solution, but much rather as an opportunity to test new strategies and learnings. In the design process I took the freedom I have as a student; I tested totalitarian design methods, focused on the qualities of the building and studied the question of the autonomy of architecture.

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