Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T13:10:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DianaPaulaDeSouzaRegoPintoCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 1923763 bytes, checksum: 7d89127d457b6c267579d348386260d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-18T14:52:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DianaPaulaDeSouzaRegoPintoCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 1923763 bytes, checksum: 7d89127d457b6c267579d348386260d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T14:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DianaPaulaDeSouzaRegoPintoCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 1923763 bytes, checksum: 7d89127d457b6c267579d348386260d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Pensar criticamente requer utilizar todo o conhecimento produzido at? o momento, bem como buscar por fontes que alimentem novos conhecimentos e saber direcion?-los para as situa??es de aplica??o pr?tica, com capacidade de avalia??o ?nica para cada caso. Isso caracteriza um grande desafio para os cursos que se prop?em a desenvolver tais atributos, que direcionam para uma forma??o cont?nua, inclusive para a forma??o do enfermeiro. Espera-se que o enfermeiro seja capaz de desenvolver o pensamento cr?tico aplicado ao problema do momento, de forma que a assist?ncia prestada ao paciente seja adequada, independente da situa??o que se apresenta e suas adversidades. Assim, vale questionar se uma estrat?gia de ensino por meio da elabora??o de Mapas Conceituais associada ? resolu??o de estudos de casos cl?nicos favorece o desenvolvimento do pensamento cr?tico em estudantes do curso de gradua??o em Enfermagem. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou analisar os n?veis de Pensamento Cr?tico desenvolvidos em estudantes de gradua??o em Enfermagem mediante uma interven??o de ensino com uso de Mapas Conceituais. Trata de um estudo experimental, randomizado, duplo-cego com delineamento antes/depois, realizado com estudantes dos cursos de gradua??o em Enfermagem de duas institui??es p?blicas de ensino superior de distintas regi?es brasileiras. O protocolo desta pesquisa foi aprovado em seus aspectos ?ticos e metodol?gicos pelo CEP/UFRN, conforme preconizado pela Resolu??o n?. 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Sa?de, sob o Parecer n?mero 752.501 e CAAE n?mero 33917214.9.0000.5537. Como forma de alcan?ar o objetivo proposto e seguir o rigor metodol?gico do delineamento, foi elaborado um Curso de Extens?o sobre Suporte Avan?ado de Vida em Cardiologia composto por aulas expositivas dialogadas e atividades pr?ticas em laborat?rio de habilidades com dura??o de 60 horas; nesta etapa houve a aplica??o de um instrumento validado e aplicado mundialmente, o California Critical Thinking Skills Test, complementada por um question?rio com dados socioecon?micos. Os 77 participantes da pesquisa foram randomizados para o Grupo Controle (n=38) e Grupo Experimento (n=39), quando a interven??o do estudo consistiu na constru??o de quatro mapas conceituais por meio de uso do Software Cmap Tools?. Este estudo obteve dados de revis?es sistem?ticas de literatura que sugerem a Pr?tica Baseada em Evid?ncias como a estrat?gia de ensino que mais favorece o desenvolvimento do pensamento cr?tico, avaliado por diferentes instrumentos de mensura??o, com destaque para os California Critical Thinking Skills Tests. Ap?s a an?lise dos testes foi identificada no pr?-teste uma m?dia de pontua??o de pensamento cr?tico geral para o Grupo Controle de 15 (+/-3,5) e para Grupo Experimento de 14,1 (+/-3,7), j? no p?s-teste foram 14,6 (+/-3,9) e 14,1 (+/-3,4), respectivamente. N?o foi encontrada diferen?a estatisticamente significativa para um p-valor de 0,05, de acordo com o teste-t. O Grupo Experimento continha um estudante que apresentou o Pensamento Cr?tico geral como N?o Manifestado, e ap?s a interven??o o valor melhorou minimamente para fraco, al?m de apresentar uma concentra??o aumentada no PC geral Moderado e Forte. Quanto ?s habilidades de pensamento cr?tico, houve um aumento significativo (p=0,022) para o desenvolvimento da habilidade de Avalia??o para os estudantes do Grupo Experimento. O estudo sugere que a estrat?gia de ensino por meio da elabora??o de Mapa Conceitual seja ?til no desenvolvimento e aperfei?oamento do pensamento cr?tico dos estudantes dos cursos de gradua??o em Enfermagem. / Critical thinking requires the use of all the knowledge produced up to now, as well as searching for sources that feed new knowledge and know how to direct them to the situations of practical application, with a unique evaluation capacity for each case. This characterizes a great challenge for the courses that propose to develop such attributes, which lead to continuous training, including for the training of nurses. It is hoped that the nurse will be able to develop critical thinking applied to the problem of the moment, so that the care provided to the patient is adequate, regardless of the situation that presents itself and its adversities. Thus, it is worth questioning whether a teaching strategy through the elaboration of Conceptual Maps associated to the resolution of clinical case studies favors the development of critical thinking in undergraduate Nursing students. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the levels of Critical Thinking developed in undergraduate Nursing students through a teaching intervention using Conceptual Maps. It is an experimental, randomized, double-blind study with before / after design, carried out with undergraduate nursing students from two public higher education institutions in different Brazilian regions. The protocol of this research was approved in its ethical and methodological aspects by CEP / UFRN, as recommended by Resolution no. 466/12 of the National Health Council, under Opinion number 752.501 and CAAE number 33917214.9.0000.5537. As a way of achieving the proposed goal and following the methodological rigor of the design, an Extension Course on Advanced Life Support in Cardiology was elaborated, consisting of dialogic expository classes and practical lab activities of skills lasting 60 hours; The California Critical Thinking Skills Test, complemented by a questionnaire with socioeconomic data, was applied at this stage. The 77 participants in the study were randomized to the Control Group (n = 38) and Group Experiment (n = 39), when the study intervention consisted in the construction of four conceptual maps through the use of Cmap Tools? Software. This study obtained data from systematic reviews of literature that suggest evidence-based practice as the teaching strategy that most favors the development of critical thinking, as measured by different measurement instruments, with emphasis on the California Critical Thinking Skills Tests. After analyzing the tests, a mean critical thinking score for the Control Group of 15 (+/- 3.5) and for the Experiment Group of 14.1 (+/- 3.7) were identified in the pre-test, In the post-test were 14.6 (+/- 3.9) and 14.1 (+/- 3.4), respectively. No statistically significant difference was found for a p-value of 0.05, according to the t-test. The Experiment Group contained a student who presented General Critical Thinking as Unmanifested, and after the intervention the value improved minimally to weak, in addition to an increased concentration in the general Moderate and Strong PC. As for critical thinking skills, there was a significant increase (p = 0.022) for the development of the Assessment skill for students in the Experiment Group. The study suggests that the teaching strategy through the elaboration of Conceptual Map is useful in the development and improvement of the critical thinking of undergraduate Nursing students.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-16T22:25:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmarAlexandreGuedesJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 5929995 bytes, checksum: a36bb4fc00b8498bf0fbb8727e65d0ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-23T21:46:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmarAlexandreGuedesJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 5929995 bytes, checksum: a36bb4fc00b8498bf0fbb8727e65d0ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T21:46:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmarAlexandreGuedesJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 5929995 bytes, checksum: a36bb4fc00b8498bf0fbb8727e65d0ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / A prov?ncia pr?-sal ? composta por grandes acumula??es de ?leo leve, de excelente qualidade e com alto valor comercial, uma realidade que coloca o Brasil em uma posi??o estrat?gica frente ? grande demanda de energia mundial. Nessa prov?ncia encontram-se as maiores descobertas realizadas no mundo nos ?ltimos dez anos; as ?reas de Libra, de Franco e o Campo de Lula, todas com volumes superiores a 8 bilh?es de barris de ?leo recuper?veis. Para desenvolver e otimizar a produ??o desses campos, foi feito um estudo para escolha dos m?todos de recupera??o avan?ada, tendo como principais motiva??es a presen?a do di?xido de carbono (CO2) como contaminante e a decis?o estrat?gica de n?o o descartar, combinada ? alta RGO (raz?o g?s-?leo) do fluido do reservat?rio. O m?todo deveria tirar vantagem dos ?nicos recursos abundantes: a ?gua do mar e o g?s produzido. Dessa maneira, o processo de combinar esses recursos na inje??o alternada de ?gua e g?s (WAG) passou a ser visto como uma boa op??o. Nessa disserta??o, foi desenvolvido um modelo de reservat?rio com caracter?sticas do pr?-sal brasileiro, sendo aplicado o m?todo de recupera??o avan?ada de inje??o alternada de ?gua e g?s. O potencial de produ??o desse reservat?rio foi analisado por meio de par?metros como: fluido que inicia o processo de inje??o, posi??o das completa??es dos po?os injetores, bem como vaz?es de inje??o de ?gua e de g?s e o tempo de ciclo de cada fluido injetado. Os resultados mostraram um bom desempenho do m?todo WAG-CO2 misc?vel, com ganhos de at? 26% no FR com rela??o a recupera??o prim?ria, j? a aplica??o da inje??o de ?gua e de g?s, de maneira individual, n?o foi capaz de superar o patamar de 10% de ganho. O par?metro de maior influ?ncia nos resultados foi o tempo de ciclo, com maiores valores de FR obtidos com a utiliza??o dos menores tempos. / The pre-salt province is composed by large amounts of light oil and with good quality, a reality that puts Brazil in a strategic position facing the great demand for energy worldwide. In this province are the largest discoveries in the world in the last ten years; areas as Libra, Franco and Lula field, everyone containing volumes greater than 8 billion recoverable oil barrels. To develop and optimize the production of these fields, a study was done for choosing the improved oil recovery methods. The main motivations were the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a contaminant and the strategic decision of do not discard it, combined with high GOR (gas-oil ratio) of the reservoir fluid. The method should take advantage of the unique abundant resources: seawater and produced gas. This way, the process of matching these resources in the water alterning gas injection (WAG) became a good option. In this master?s dissertation, it was developed a reservoir model with average characteristics of the Brazilian pre-salt, where was applied the improved oil recovery method of water alternating gas. The production of this reservoir was analyzed by parameters as: the first fluid injected in the injection process, position of the injection wells completion, injection water and gas rate and cycle time. The results showed a good performance of the method, with up to 26% of gains in the recovery factor regarding the primary recovery, since the application of water injection and gas, individually, was not able to overcome 10 % of gain. The most influential parameter found in the results was the cycle time, with higher recovery factor values obtained with the use of shorter times.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-03T23:16:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaFlaviaLinsSouto_DISSERT.pdf: 1191835 bytes, checksum: f7fea5d276f29ff8f41cd847fd02f335 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-09T22:31:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaFlaviaLinsSouto_DISSERT.pdf: 1191835 bytes, checksum: f7fea5d276f29ff8f41cd847fd02f335 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T22:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaFlaviaLinsSouto_DISSERT.pdf: 1191835 bytes, checksum: f7fea5d276f29ff8f41cd847fd02f335 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-10 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a rela??o do princ?pio da efici?ncia -como expresso na Constitui??o Federal de 1988, atrav?s da Emenda Constitucional n? 19 - com as ag?ncias reguladoras, mais precisamente a ANATEL (Ag?ncia Nacional de Telecomunica??es). Abrange tamb?m a import?ncia que esse princ?pio possui sobre a regula??o - fiscalizar e gerenciar os servi?os p?blicos - e quando uma atividade ser? considerada eficiente, tendo em mente que as ag?ncias sujeitam-se aos demais princ?pios da Administra??o P?blica. O crescente uso da telefonia vem possibilitando um maior desenvolvimento de tecnologias que proporcionam melhorias na presta??o desse servi?o. O VoIP (Voice over IP), nada mais ? que um avan?o tecnol?gico que atinge diretamente as prestadoras do servi?o de telefonia convencional, tanto pela modifica??o dos neg?cios que trabalhavam por um longo per?odo com a mesma tecnologia, quanto pela quantidade de novos concorrentes que entram no mercado. Como ag?ncia reguladora do servi?o de telecomunica??es, a ANATEL, ainda n?o regulamentou o servi?o de telefonia de voz utilizando o protocolo IP. O que se aguarda com o passar dos anos ? que a ANATEL exer?a a sua fun??o regulat?ria para proporcionar melhores condi??es de competi??o entre as empresas prestadoras do VoIP e da telefonia convencional, obviamente que algumas dificuldades s?o esperadas, haja vista, que o VoIP ? uma tecnologia que abrange dois servi?os, tanto a telefonia convencional quanto a utiliza??o da internet / The present work aims to demonstrate the link of the principle of efficiency - as expressed in the Constitution of 1988, by Constitutional Amendment No. 19 - with regulatory agencies, more specifically the ANATEL (National Telecommunications Agency). It also includes this principle?s importance to regulation - to monitor and manage public services - as well as when an activity will be considered efficient, keeping in mind that agencies are subjected to other principles of public administration. The increasing use of telephony has enabled further development of technologies that provide improvements in the provision of this service. The VoIP (Voice over IP), is nothing more than a technological breakthrough that directly targets the providers of conventional telephone service, both by modifying the business working for a long time with the same technology as the amount of new competitors? dispute on market share. It also analyses the difficulty of understanding and definition of what is VoIP telephony, its growth and the threats that the traditional and mostly which is ANATEL?s role concerning this telephony technology. As regulator of the telecommunications service, ANATEL not yet regulated the voice telephony service using the IP protocol. What looks over the years is that ANATEL exercise its regulatory function to provide better conditions for competition among providers of VoIP and traditional telephone companies, obviously some difficulties are expected, given that VoIP is a technology that provides two services, through conventional telephony and using the internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValdirCRN.pdf: 131656 bytes, checksum: 4153e21d4042d68f4cdd2a9f2c14b5e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-31 / Petroleum is a complex combination of various classes of hydrocarbons, with paraffinic, naphtenic and aromatic compounds being those more commonly found in its composition. The recent changes in the world scenario, the large reserves of heavy oils and also the lack of new discoveries of large petroleum fields are indications that, in the near future, the oil recovery by conventional methods will be limited. In order to increase the efficiency of the extraction process, enhanced recovery methods are cited in applications where conventional techniques have proven to be little effective. The injection of surfactant solutions as an enhanced recovery method is advantageous in that surfactants are able to reduce the interfacial tensions between water and oil, thus augmenting the displacement efficiency and, as a consequence, increasing the recovery factor. This work aims to investigate the effects of some parameters that influence the surfactant behavior in solution, namely the type of surfactant, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface and interface tensions between fluids. Seawater solutions containing the surfactants PAN, PHN and PJN have been prepared for presenting lower interfacial tensions with petroleum and higher stability under increasing temperature and salinity. They were examined in an experimental apparatus designed to assess the recovery factor. Botucatu (Brazil) sandstone plug samples were submitted to assay steps comprising saturation with seawater and petroleum, conventional recovery with seawater and enhanced recovery with surfactant solutions. The plugs had porosity between 29.6 and 32.0%, with average effective permeability to water of 83 mD. The PJN surfactant, at a concentration 1000% above CMC in water, had a higher recovery factor, causing the original oil in place to be recovered by an extra 20.97%, after conventional recovery with seawater / O petr?leo ? uma combina??o complexa de v?rias s?ries de hidrocarbonetos, sendo as mais comumente encontradas as parafinicas, naft?nicas e arom?ticas. As recentes mudan?as no cen?rio mundial, as grandes reservas de ?leos pesados, bem como a escassez de descobertas de grandes campos de petr?leo, indicam que em um futuro pr?ximo a recupera??o de ?leo por m?todos convencionais ser? limitada. Para aumentar a efici?ncia do processo de extra??o, faz-se uso dos m?todos avan?ados de recupera??o para agir nos pontos onde o processo convencional mostrou-se pouco eficiente. A inje??o de solu??o de tensoativo, como um m?todo avan?ado de recupera??o mostra-se vantajosa, pois os tensoativos t?m a finalidade de reduzir as tens?es interfaciais entre a ?gua e o ?leo, ampliando a efici?ncia de deslocamento e, conseq?entemente, aumentando o fator de recupera??o. Este trabalho se prop?s a estudar os efeitos dos par?metros que influenciam as solu??es de tensoativos, como: tipo de tensoativo, concentra??o micelar cr?tica e tens?o superficial e interfacial entre os fluidos. As solu??es com ?gua do mar dos tensoativos PAN, PHN e PJN, por apresentarem menores tens?es interfaciais com o petr?leo e maior estabilidade com o aumento da temperatura e salinidade, foram estudadas em um aparato experimental para avalia??o do fator de recupera??o. Os testemunhos de arenito Botucatu foram submetidos a etapas de satura??o com ?gua do mar e petr?leo, recupera??o convencional com ?gua do mar e recupera??o avan?ada com solu??es de tensoativos. Os testemunhos apresentaram porosidade entre 29,6 e 32,0%, com permeabilidade m?dia efetiva ? ?gua de 83 mD. O tensoativo PJN, com concentra??o de 1000% acima da CMC apresentou maior fator de recupera??o, aumentando em 20,97% a recupera??o do ?leo original in place ap?s a recupera??o convencional com ?gua do mar

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaPJS_DISSERT.pdf: 3475683 bytes, checksum: 0a1aca9ea1cc67fdf9f54a968369acd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-08 / The large investment in exploration activities offshore Brazil has generated new findings, generally in carbonate reservoirs, with different wettability conditions usually considered in the sandstone, strongly water-wet. In general, the carbonates reservoirs tend to be oil-wet, it difficult to mobilize of oil these reservoirs. These oils can be mobilized by different methods, or it may reverse the wettability of the surface of the reservoir and facilitate the flow of oil, improving production rates. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the influence of inversion on the wettability of the rock in the production and recovery of petroleum from carbonate reservoirs, using microemulsions. Three systems were chosen with different classes of surfactants: a cationic (C16TAB), an anionic (SDS) and nonionic (Unitol L90). Studies of the influence of salinity on the formation of the microemulsion as well as the characterization of fluids using density and viscosity measurements were also performed. To verify the potential of microemulsion systems in changing the wettability state of the chalk oil-wet to water-wet, contact angle measurements were performed using chalk of neutral-wet as surface material. Overall, with respect to the ionic character of the surfactants tested, the cationic surfactant (C16TAB) had a greater potential for reversal in wettability able to transform the rock wettability neutral to strongly water-wet, when compared with the anionic surfactant (SDS) and nonionic (Unitol L90), which showed similar behavior, improving the wettability of the rock to water. The microemulsions of all surfactants studied were effective in oil recovery, resulting in 76.92% for the system with C16TAB, 67.42% for the SDS and 66.30% for Unitol L90 of residual oil / O grande investimento em atividades explorat?rias no mar brasileiro tem gerado novas descobertas, geralmente em reservat?rios carbon?ticos, com condi??es de molhabilidade diferentes das usualmente consideradas em reservat?rios aren?ticos, fortemente molh?veis ? ?gua. De uma maneira geral, os reservat?rios carbon?ticos tendem a ser molh?veis ao ?leo, dificultando a mobiliza??o do ?leo no reservat?rio. Esses ?leos podem ser mobilizados por diferentes m?todos, ou ainda, pode-se inverter a molhabilidade da superf?cie do reservat?rio e facilitar o escoamento do ?leo, melhorando os ?ndices de produ??o. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influ?ncia da invers?o na molhabilidade da rocha na produ??o e recupera??o de petr?leo de reservat?rios carbon?ticos, utilizando sistemas microemulsionados. Foram escolhidos tr?s tensoativos de classes diferentes: um cati?nico (C16TAB), um ani?nico (SDS) e um n?o-i?nico (Unitol L90). Estudos da influ?ncia da salinidade na forma??o da microemuls?o, bem como a caracteriza??o dos fluidos atrav?s de medidas de densidade e viscosidade, tamb?m foram realizados. Para verificar o potencial dos sistemas microemulsionados em alterar a molhabilidade da rocha carbon?ticas de molh?vel ao ?leo para molh?vel a ?gua, medidas de ?ngulo de contato foram realizadas utilizando calc?rio de molhabilidade neutra como material de superf?cie. Pode-se observar, com rela??o ao car?ter i?nico dos tensoativos testados, que o tensoativo cati?nico (C16TAB) apresentou um potencial maior de invers?o na molhabilidade conseguindo transformar a rocha de molhabilidade neutra para fortemente molh?vel ? ?gua, quando comparado aos demais tensoativos, ani?nico (SDS) e n?o-i?nico (Unitol L90), que apresentaram comportamento semelhante entre eles, melhorando tamb?m a molhabilidade da rocha ? ?gua, mas em menor intensidade. As microemuls?es de todos os tensoativos estudados mostraram-se efetivas na recupera??o de petr?leo, obtendo-se 76,92% para o sistema com C16TAB, 67,42% para o SDS e 66,30% para o Unitol L90 de recupera??o do ?leo residual in place

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEMJ_TESE.pdf: 1404904 bytes, checksum: 3029c558b265d6dfdac69a6fac1ef20c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 / An evaluation project was conducted on the technique of treatment for effluent oil which is the deriving process to improve cashews. During the evaluation the following techniques were developed: advanced processes of humid oxidation, oxidative processes, processes of biological treatment and processes of adsorption. The assays had been carried through in kinetic models, with an evaluation of the quality of the process by means of determining the chemical demand of oxygen (defined as a technique of control by means of comparative study between the available techniques). The results demonstrated that the natural biodegradation of the effluent ones is limited, as result using the present natural flora in the effluent one revealed impracticable for an application in the industrial systems, independent of the evaluation environment (with or without the oxygen presence). The job of specific microorganisms for the oily composite degradation developed the viability technique of this route, the acceptable levels of inclusion in effluent system of treatment of the improvement of the cashew being highly good with reasonable levels of removal of CDO. However, the use combined with other techniques of daily pay-treatment for these effluent ones revealed to still be more efficient for the context of the treatment of effluent and discarding in receiving bodies in acceptable standards for resolution CONAMA 357/2005. While the significant generation of solid residues the process of adsorption with agroindustrial residues (in special the chitosan) is a technical viable alternative, however, when applied only for the treatment of the effluent ones for discarding in bodies of water, the economic viability is harmed and minimized ambient profits. Though, it was proven that if used for ends of I reuse, the viability is equalized and justifies the investments. There was a study of the photochemistry process which have are applicable to the treatment of the effluent ones, having resulted more satisfactory than those gotten for the UV-Peroxide techniques. There was different result on the one waited for the use of catalyses used in the process of Photo. The catalyses contained the mixing oxide base of Cerium and Manganese, incorporated of Potassium promoters this had presented the best results in the decomposition of the involved pollutants. Having itself an agreed form the gotten photochemistry daily paytreatment resulted, then after disinfection with chlorine the characteristics next the portability to the water were guarantee. The job of the humid oxidation presented significant results in the removal of pollutants; however, its high cost alone is made possible for job in projects of reuses, areas of low scarcity and of raised costs with the capitation/acquisition of the water, in special, for use for industrial and potable use. The route with better economic conditions and techniques for the job in the treatment of the effluent ones of the improvement of the cashew possesses the sequence to follow: conventional process of separation water-oil, photochemistry process and finally, the complementary biological treatment / Neste trabalho foram avaliadas t?cnicas de tratamento para os efluentes oleosos oriundos do processo de beneficiamento da castanha de caju. As t?cnicas avaliadas foram: processos de oxida??o ?mida, processos oxidativos avan?ados, processos de tratamento biol?gico e processos de adsor??o. Os ensaios foram realizados com propostas de modelos cin?ticos, com monitoramento da qualidade dos processos por meio da determina??o da demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (definida como t?cnica de controle por meio de estudo comparativo entre as t?cnicas dispon?veis). Os resultados demonstram que a biodegrada??o natural dos efluentes ? limitada, e os resultados utilizando da flora natural presente no efluente mostrou-se invi?vel para aplica??o em sistemas industriais, independente do ambiente de avalia??o (com ou sem a presen?a de oxig?nio). O emprego de microorganismos espec?ficos para a degrada??o de compostos oleosos incrementou a viabilidade t?cnica dessa rota,em n?veis adequados para aplica??o em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes do beneficiamento da castanha, tendo-se uma boa expressividade, com remo??o da DQO. Por?m, o uso combinado com outras t?cnicas de pr?-tratamento para esses efluentes mostrou-se ainda mais eficiente para o contexto do tratamento de efluentes e descarte em corpos receptores dentro dos padr?es preconizados pela resolu??o CONAMA 357/2005. Apesar da gera??o significativa de res?duos s?lidos, o emprego do processo de adsor??o com res?duos agroindustriais (em especial a quitosana) ? uma alternativa tecnicamente vi?vel, por?m, quando aplicada apenas para o tratamento dos efluentes para o descarte em corpos d ?gua, a viabilidade econ?mica ? prejudicada e os ganhos ambientais minimizados. Por?m, foi comprovado que se utilizado para fins de reuso, a viabilidade ? equiparada e justifica os investimentos. Os processos fotoqu?micos s?o aplic?veis ao tratamento dos efluentes estudados, tendo-se como resultados mais satisfat?rios aqueles obtidos para as t?cnicas de UV-Per?xido. Sendo o resultado diferente do esperado pela utiliza??o de catalisadores usados no processo de Foto-Fenton. Os catalisadores a base de ?xido misto de C?rio e Mangan?s, incorporado de promotores de Pot?ssio, apresentaram os melhores resultados na decomposi??o dos poluentes envolvidos. Os resultados obtidos de forma combinada ao pr?-tratamento fotoqu?mico, ap?s desinfec??o com cloro, garantem caracter?sticas pr?ximas a potabilidade da ?gua. O emprego da oxida??o ?mida apresenta resultados muito significativos na remo??o de poluentes, entretanto, o seu alto custo s? ? viabilizado para emprego em projetos de reuso, em ?reas de baixa escassez e de elevados custos com a capta??o/aquisi??o da ?gua, em especial, para utiliza??o para uso industrial e pot?vel. A rota com melhores condi??es econ?micas e t?cnicas para o emprego no tratamento dos efluentes do beneficiamento da castanha de caju, possui a seq??ncia a seguir: processo convencional de separa??o ?gua-?leo, processo fotoqu?mico e por fim, o tratamento biol?gico complementar

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLNM_TESE.pdf: 4268962 bytes, checksum: de5aa1c7c5c862a403661069ce859de2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Increasing concern with the environment, in addition to strict laws, has induced the industries to find altenatives to the treatment of their wastes. Actually, the oil industry has sought solutions to overcome a big environmental problem, i.e., oil field produced water being discharged to the sea. These effluents have organic compounds dissolved, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are difficult to be removed and have high toxicity. The advanced oxidation processes - AOP are effective to degradation of these organic compounds, because they generate hydroxyl radicals with high potential of oxidation. This work includes the reactor photochemical development applied in the photodegradation treatment (by photo-Fenton process) of wastewaters containing organic compounds dissolved, aiming at treatment and recovery the oil field produced water. The studied reactor allowed the evaluation of two ultraviolet radiation sources that is the main factor to describe the feasibility of the photo?Fenton treatment, i.e., sun and black light fluorescent lamps, and other relevant variables the process: concentration of reagents, irradiated area and also various reactor configurations to maximize the use of radiation. The organic matter degradation was verified with samples collected during the experimental and analyzed with a total organic carbon analyzer (TOC), which expressed the results in terms of mgC/L. The solar radiation was more effective than radiation from the lamps. it's an important factor for the operation costs cutting. Preliminary experiments applied to oil field produced water treatment have showed satisfactory results, reducing up to 76 % of organic matter / A crescente preocupa??o com o meio ambiente, al?m de leis cada vez mais r?gidas para quem polui, tem feito as ind?strias buscarem alternativas para o tratamento de seus res?duos. Nos ?ltimos anos, a ind?stria de petr?leo, especificamente, tem procurado meios de remediar um de seus maiores problemas ambientais: o descarte abundante das ?guas produzidas em campos de produ??o, que, ap?s serem tratadas, s?o em sua maioria lan?adas ao mar. Tais efluentes cont?m compostos org?nicos dissolvidos de dif?cil remo??o e alta toxicidade, como hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos - HP A, fen?is, benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos (BTEX). Os processos oxidativos avan?ados - POA t?m-se mostrado eficazes na degrada??o de compostos org?nicos, pois geram subst?ncias (radicais hidroxila) com elevado potencial de oxida??o, capazes de degradar estes compostos. O presente trabalho contempla o desenvolvimento de um reator fotoqu?mico aplicado no tratamento fotodegradativo (via processo foto-Fenton) de efluentes contendo compostos org?nicos dissolvidos, visando aplica??o no tratamento e recupera??o das ?guas produzidas. Utilizando um efluente modelo contendo fenol, este reator permitiu empregar e avaliar duas fontes emissoras de radia??o ultravioleta (principal fator que contribui para viabilidade ou n?o da aplica??o deste tipo de processo), o sol e l?mpadas fluorescentes de luz negra, al?m de outras vari?veis relevantes ao processo como concentra??o de reagentes e ?rea irradiada (este, que demonstrou ser um dos fatores que tem maior - e positiva - influ?ncia no processo) e ainda diversas configura??es do reator de modo a maximizar o aproveitamento da radia??o. Para verificar o processo de degrada??o da mat?ria org?nica, amostras foram coletadas durante os ensaios experimentais e analisadas com um analisador de carbono org?nico total (COT), o qual expressa os resultados em termos mgC/L. A radia??o solar mostrou-se mais eficaz do que a proveniente das l?mpadas, sendo um fator importante para a redu??o dos custos de opera??o deste processo. Testes do sistema aplicado ? ?gua produzida apresentaram resultados bastante satisfat?rios, reduzindo em at? 76 % a carga org?nica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLNM_TESE.pdf: 4268962 bytes, checksum: de5aa1c7c5c862a403661069ce859de2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Increasing concern with the environment, in addition to strict laws, has induced the industries to find alternatives to the treatment of their wastes. Actually, the oil industry has sought solutions to overcome a big environmental problem, i.e., oil field produced water being discharged to the sea. These effluents have organic compounds dissolved, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are difficult to be removed and have high toxicity. The advanced oxidation processes - AOP are effective to degradation of these organic compounds, because they generate hydroxyl radicals with high potential of oxidation. This work includes the reactor photochemical development applied in the photodegradation treatment (by photo-Fenton process) of wastewaters containing organic compounds dissolved, aiming at treatment and recovery the oil field produced water. The studied reactor allowed the evaluation of two ultraviolet radiation sources that is the main factor to describe the feasibility of the photo- Fenton treatment, i.e., sun and black light fluorescent lamps, and other relevant variables the process: concentration of reagents, irradiated area and also various reactor configurations to maximize the use of radiation. The organic matter degradation was verified with samples collected during the experimental and analyzed with a total organic carbon analyzer (TOC), which expressed the results in terms of mgC/L. The solar radiation was more effective than radiation from the lamps. It's an important factor for the operation costs cutting. Preliminary experiments applied to oil field produced water treatment have showed satisfactory results, reducing up to 76 % of organic matter / A crescente preocupa??o com o meio ambiente, al?m de leis cada vez mais r?gidas para quem polui, tem feito as ind?strias buscarem alternativas para o tratamento de seus res?duos. Nos ?ltimos anos, a ind?stria de petr?leo, especificamente, tem procurado meios de remediar um de seus maiores problemas ambientais: o descarte abundante das ?guas produzidas em campos de produ??o, que, ap?s serem tratadas, s?o em sua maioria lan?adas ao mar. Tais efluentes cont?m compostos org?nicos dissolvidos de dif?cil remo??o e alta toxicidade, como hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos HPA, fen?is, benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos (BTEX). Os processos oxidativos avan?ados POA t?m-se mostrado eficazes na degrada??o de compostos org?nicos, pois geram subst?ncias (radicais hidroxila) com elevado potencial de oxida??o, capazes de degradar estes compostos. O presente trabalho contempla o desenvolvimento de um reator fotoqu?mico aplicado no tratamento fotodegradativo (via processo foto-Fenton) de efluentes contendo compostos org?nicos dissolvidos, visando aplica??o no tratamento e recupera??o das ?guas produzidas. Utilizando um efluente modelo contendo fenol, este reator permitiu empregar e avaliar duas fontes emissoras de radia??o ultravioleta (principal fator que contribui para viabilidade ou n?o da aplica??o deste tipo de processo), o sol e l?mpadas fluorescentes de luz negra, al?m de outras vari?veis relevantes ao processo como concentra??o de reagentes e ?rea irradiada (este, que demonstrou ser um dos fatores que tem maior e positiva influ?ncia no processo) e ainda diversas configura??es do reator de modo a maximizar o aproveitamento da radia??o. Para verificar o processo de degrada??o da mat?ria org?nica, amostras foram coletadas durante os ensaios experimentais e analisadas com um analisador de carbono org?nico total (COT), o qual expressa os resultados em termos mgC/L. A radia??o solar mostrou-se mais eficaz do que a proveniente das l?mpadas, sendo um fator importante para a redu??o dos custos de opera??o deste processo. Testes do sistema aplicado ? ?gua produzida apresentaram resultados bastante satisfat?rios, reduzindo em at? 76 % a carga org?nica

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-13T12:25:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelAraujoRocha_DISSERT.pdf: 5011334 bytes, checksum: d4996c7516aeda7455db92bc1ebfc1d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-23T13:23:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelAraujoRocha_DISSERT.pdf: 5011334 bytes, checksum: d4996c7516aeda7455db92bc1ebfc1d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-23T13:23:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelAraujoRocha_DISSERT.pdf: 5011334 bytes, checksum: d4996c7516aeda7455db92bc1ebfc1d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / A explora??o de reservas de hidrocarbonetos pesados e extrapesados ? de interesse primordial para muitas companhias de petr?leo, uma vez que, a magnitude desses recursos representa parte da energia mundial. A produ??o de ?leo pesado, a partir de dep?sitos subterr?neos, ? complexa, at? mesmo sob as melhores circunst?ncias, devido principalmente ? elevada viscosidade do ?leo. Para melhor desenvolver o processo de produ??o, tornando-o eficiente, de maneira que os fluidos que n?o seriam produzidos consigam chegar ? superf?cie, foram desenvolvidos m?todos de recupera??o convencionais e especiais, para obten??o de um maior fator de recupera??o e, consequentemente, uma maior lucratividade na opera??o de explota??o dessas jazidas. Para reduzir a alta viscosidade e as elevadas tens?es interfaciais, foram desenvolvidos os m?todos t?rmicos. Nesse trabalho, simulou-se a inje??o continua de vapor, com po?os injetores verticais e horizontais, para desenvolver um reservat?rio com caracter?sticas do Nordeste brasileiro, de ?leo pesado, atrav?s da condu??o dos fluidos produzidos com po?o horizontal. Foram feitas an?lises t?cnicas e econ?micas dos modelos que diferiam quanto ?s suas restri??es e arranjos estruturais do sistema. Na configura??o horizontal se observou a influ?ncia da vaz?o de inje??o, da dist?ncia vertical e da dist?ncia lateral sobre o fator de recupera??o. Na configura??o vertical se analisou a influ?ncia da vaz?o de inje??o, da completa??o dos injetores, da dist?ncia lateral e da quantidade de po?os injetores sobre o fator de recupera??o. Diante dos modelos proposto, analisou-se a produ??o acumulada de ?leo, o Volume Poroso Injetado, a forma??o das c?maras de vapor e o Valor Presente L?quido. Tecnicamente, os modelos em que se injetou vapor com po?os verticais obtiveram maior fator de recupera??o de ?leo, j? os modelos horizontais se sobressa?ram economicamente. / The reserves exploration of heavy and extra heavy hydrocarbon is of prime interest to many oil companies, since the magnitude of these resources the magnitude of these resources still stands out on the global and Brazilian energy matrix. The production of heavy oil, from the underground deposits is complex, even on the best of circumstances, mainly due to the high viscosity of the oil. To further develop the process of production, making it efficient, so that the fluids that would not be produced get to reach the surface, complementary recovery methods and advanced were developed to obtain a higher recovery factor and, hence, greater profitability in operation exploitation of these deposits. To combat the high viscosity and high interfacial tensions, thermal methods were developed. In this work, the steam injection continues was simulated in vertical and horizontal injection wells, to develop a reservoir with characteristics of the Brazilian Northeast of heavy oil, by conducting fluid produced with horizontal well. Technical and economic analyzes were made of the models that differ in their structural constraints and system arrangements. In horizontal configuration was observed the influence of the injection flow, of the vertical distance and of the lateral distance over the recovery factor. In vertical configuration was analyzed the influence of the injection flow, of the injection wells completion, of the lateral distance and the amount of injection wells over the recovery factor. Faced the proposed models, was analyzed the cumulative oil production, the Pore Volume Injected, the formation of steam chambers and the Net Present Value. Technically, the models in which steam is injected with vertical wells had higher recovery factor of oil, since the horizontal models stood out economically.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-10T16:44:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ZildianyIbiapinaMeneses_TESE.pdf: 5538896 bytes, checksum: aeb6e8b7a1071f0fe7d56cd5089c7e65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-10T21:58:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ZildianyIbiapinaMeneses_TESE.pdf: 5538896 bytes, checksum: aeb6e8b7a1071f0fe7d56cd5089c7e65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T21:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZildianyIbiapinaMeneses_TESE.pdf: 5538896 bytes, checksum: aeb6e8b7a1071f0fe7d56cd5089c7e65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / As nanoemuls?es s?o sistemas geralmente compostos por tensoativos, fase aquosa e fase oleosa. Podem variar de acordo com a composi??o, tamanho das got?culas dispersas, aspecto, aplica??es, dentre outros. Apresentam got?culas dispersas em escala nanom?trica, estabilidade cin?tica e aspecto transparente a transl?cido. Dentre suas vantagens, destaca-se a maior superf?cie de contato devido ao tamanho das got?culas dispersas, associado ? menor quantidade de mat?ria ativa. Este trabalho prop?e produzir novas nanoemuls?es atrav?s da dilui??o de microemuls?o com sua fase aquosa ou com fase aquosa polim?rica salina, e aplica??o na recupera??o de petr?leo em rochas carbon?ticas. A microemuls?o precursora ? composta por tensoativos ani?nico e n?o i?nico (UNT-L90 e sab?o base), cotensoativo (n-butanol), fase oleosa (querosene) e fase aquosa (solu??o de NaCl a 3,50%). Os sistemas nanoemulsionados foram estudados em rela??o ao percentual de tensoativos (1,00%, 1,25%, 2,00%, 2,50%, 5,00% e 7,00%) e ? presen?a de pol?meros (ani?nico e cati?nico, a 0,08%). Os sistemas propostos neste estudo foram caracterizados usando as seguintes t?cnicas: tamanho de got?cula, turbidez, tens?o superficial, tens?o interfacial, condutividade el?trica, pH, ?ndice de refra??o, densidade, reologia e SAXS. A microemuls?o e as nanoemuls?es, sem pol?mero, foram caracterizadas como fluidos Newtonianos, enquanto as nanoemuls?es polim?ricas como fluidos pseudopl?sticos. A microemuls?o foi termodinamicamente est?vel, transparente e com got?culas monodispersas, com 11,8 nm de di?metro. Os sistemas nanoemulsionados foram metaest?veis, com got?culas variando de 16,80 nm a 61,40 nm. Os sistemas microemulsionado e nanoemulsionados apresentaram micelas diretas do tipo ?miolo-casca? em seu interior. A microemuls?o e algumas nanoemuls?es estudadas foram utilizadas na recupera??o avan?ada de petr?leo, aplicadas a um reservat?rio carbon?tico contendo ?leo leve. Os melhores resultados foram de 99,56% e 75,18% de extra??o do ?leo remanescente, para a microemuls?o e nanoemuls?o, respectivamente; com recupera??es totais de ?leo original de 99,73% e 83,28%. O efeito sin?rgico entre o meio salino, micelas e pol?mero favoreceu a recupera??o de ?leo com as nanoemuls?es; cujo melhor resultado foi obtido com a NanoD2, composta por 2,50% de tensoativos, 3,50% de NaCl e 0,08% do pol?mero AN 934 PWG; embora as propriedades da rocha tamb?m tenham influ?ncia. O trabalho mostrou que nanoemuls?es e microemuls?es podem ser alternativas vi?veis para aplica??o em recupera??o avan?ada de petr?leo. / Nanoemulsions are systems generally composed by surfactant, aqueous phase and oil phase. These systems may vary according to their composition, size of dispersed droplets, appearance, applications, among others. They have nano-scale dispersed droplets, kinetic stability and an appearance from transparent to translucent. Among their advantages, it may be highlighted the large contact surface, due to the size of the dispersed droplets, associated with smaller amount of active matter. This research proposes the production of new nanoemulsions, through the dilution of microemulsion, with its aqueous phase or with saline polymeric aqueous phase, and their use to recover oil in carbonate rocks. The precursor microemulsion is composed of nonionic and anionic surfactants (UNT-L90 and soap base), cosurfactant (n-butanol), oil phase (kerosene) and aqueous phase (NaCl solution at 3.50%). The nanoemulsionated systems were studied based on the percentage of surfactants (1.00%, 1.25%, 2.00%, 2.50%, 5.00% and 7.00%) and on the presence of polymers (anionic and cationic, at 0.08%). The proposed systems were characterized by using the following techniques: droplet size, turbidity, surface tension, interfacial tension, electrical conductivity, pH, refractive index, density, rheology, and SAXS. The microemulsion and the nanoemulsions, without polymers, were characterized as Newtonian fluids, while the polymeric nanoemulsions were characterized as pseudoplastic fluids. The microemulsion was thermodynamically stable, transparent and had monodispersed droplets with a diameter of 11.80 nm. The nanoemulsionated systems were metastable, with droplets ranging from 16.80 nm to 61.40 nm. The microemulsionated and nanoemulsionated systems presented direct micelles, with a core-shell inner type. The microemulsion and some studied nanoemulsions were applied as an enhanced oil recovery method, through carbonate rocks containing light oil. The best results extracted 99.56% and 75.18% of the remaining oil, for the microemulsion and nanoemulsion, respectively, with total oil recovery of 99.73% and 83.28%. The synergic effect among saline medium, micelles and polymer favored the oil recovery with nanoemulsions; whose best result was obtained by NanoD2, composed of 2.50% surfactants, 3.50% NaCl and 0.08% of the AN 934 PWG polymer; although the rock properties also influences the process. The work showed that nanoemulsions and microemulsions can be viable alternatives for application in enhanced oil recovery.