No description available.

Due to increasing terrorist threats and illegal proliferation of nuclear material and technology, there is a need for increased research in the area of detection of smuggled fissile material, some of which is designated by the International Atomic Energy Agency as special fissile material. This thesis focuses on a hypothetical scenario in which a terrorist organization has managed to smuggle an amount of special fissile material onto a personal recreational watercraft and sail it into a marina. If the boat could be forced to go through a detector system, then the contents could be interrogated and a determination made of whether any special fissile material was aboard. This thesis examines the hypothesis that active interrogation may be used successfully in the detection of special fissile material in such an environment. It shows that it is feasible to use an active neutron system to detect a significant quantity of special fissile material onboard a small boat via the differential dieaway technique. The MCNP Monte Carlo transport code was used to simulate the use of a pulsed neutron generator to induce fission in the fissile material and then estimate the detector response. The detector modeled was based on elastic scattering-induced recoil protons using pure hydrogen gas. There was a significant difference between the system with and without the presence of fissile material, and the estimated detector response for the system with fissile material present was shown to be sufficiently greater than the response due to background radiation only. Additionally, dose was estimated and found to be small enough that the system would not likely pose a significant radiological health risk to passengers on the boat.

La masse fissile dans les fûts de déchets radioactifs remplis de résidus métalliques compactés (coques et embouts des combustibles usés) produits à l'usine de retraitement de La Hague est mesurée par interrogation neutronique active, sut l'atelier de compactage de coques et embouts (ACC). Dans le futur, des déchets anciens de cette nature mélangés à des résines échangeuses d'ions seront traités dans cette installation. Ces résines ont pour effet d'augmenter la propriété de modération des neutrons dans la matrice du fût, en comparaison des déchets mesurés actuellement. Dans ce contexte, une méthode de correction des effets de matrice basée sur l'utilisation de la mesure associée d'un moniteur de fût (compteur proportionnel à 3He) a été étudiée. La faisabilité de la méthode a dans un premier temps été étudiée sur la maquette R&D PROMETHEE 6, permettant de mettre en évidence d'une part une bonne corrélation entre le signal du moniteur et les effets de matrice et d'autre part une capacité du code de transport de particule MCNP a reproduire les performances expérimentales de la méthode. Par la suite, les performances finales de l'implantation de cette méthode sur le poste industriel 0-2 en entrée d'ACC ont été évaluées par simulation numérique. Les résultats des calculs concluent à une estimation de la masse fissile résiduelle avec une erreur d'environ un facteur 2, alors que celle-ci pourrait atteindre 2 décades sans la méthode de correction. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des résultats expérimentaux sur la mesure des fûts de la production courante en présence d'un moniteur de fût, établit une corrélation satisfaisante entre des propriétés physiques connues de la matrice pour ce type de déchets (modération et absorption) et le signal du moniteur, démontrant ainsi la fiabilité de l'approche proposée. En conséquence, cette méthode de correction sera implantée sur le poste industriel peut être préconisée pour d'autres dispositifs d'interrogation neutronique active. / The fissile mass in radioactive waste drums filled with compacted metallic residues (spent fuel hulls and nozzles) produced at AREVA La Hague reprocessing plant is measured by neutron interrogation with the Differential Die-away measurement Technique, on the waste compaction facility (ACC). In the future, old hulls and nozzles mixed with ion-exchange resins will be measured. The ion-exchange resins increase neutron moderation in the matrix, compared to the waste measured in the current process. In this context, a matrix effect correction method based on a drum monitor (3He proportional counter) has been studied. The feasibility of the method was first performed with the R&D measurement cell PROMETHEE 6, showing a good correlation between the monitor signal and the matrix effect correction, and the capability of MCNP simulations to reproduce experiments and to estimate the performances of the proposed correction. Therefore, the industrial implementation of the method and the assessment of its final performances have been studied by numerical simulation. Calculations demonstrate that the method allows keeping the highest error on the measured fissile mass below roughly a factor of 2, while the matrix effect without correction ranges on 2 orders of magnitude. In addition, the analysis of experimental data from the current process shows a good correlation between known physical properties of the matrix (moderation and absorption) and the monitor signal, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed approach. According to these satisfactory results, this correction method will be implemented on the industrial station. More generally, this method could be applied to similar waste measurement systems.

No description available.

This thesis examines a collection of three songs, "In Flanders Fields," "He Is There!," and "Tom Sails Away," written by Charles Ives in 1917, from primarily a literary perspective involving Transcendentalism and intertextuality. Ives's aesthetic builds upon the principles of Transcendentalism. I examine these songs using the principles outlined by the nineteenth-century Transcendentalists, and Ives's interpretations of these beliefs. Another characteristic of Ives's music is quotation. "Intertextuality" describes an interdependence of literary texts through quotation. I also examine these songs using the principles of intertextuality and Ives's uses of intertextual elements. Familiarity with the primary sources Ives quotes and the texts they suggest adds new meaning to his works. Transcendentalism and intertextuality create a greater understanding of Ives's conflicting views of the morality of war.

No description available.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta tese é composta por quatro artigos que permitiram avaliar o impacto do consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio na dieta e no peso corporal da população brasileira. O primeiro artigo revisou de forma sistemática as evidências científicas da associação entre alimentação fora do domicílio e peso corporal com abordagem crítica dos artigos publicados na literatura. Foram avaliados 28 artigos e os resultados sugeriram uma associação positiva entre o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio e o ganho de peso. A revisão mostrou que uma das limitações nessa área é a ausência de padronização nas definições e métodos de avaliação do consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio. Para o desenvolvimento dos demais artigos, utilizou-se dados do Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação (INA) do Brasil, uma subamostra da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2008-2009, com o objetivo de caracterizar o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio da população brasileira (artigo 2) e investigar a associação entre alimentação fora do domicílio e ingestão total de energia (artigo 3) e peso corporal (artigo 4). As análises foram realizadas com os dados de consumo de alimentos coletados por meio de registro alimentar de 34.003 indivíduos acima de 10 anos em dois dias não-consecutivos. Os registros incluíram descrição detalhada dos alimentos e quantidade consumida, tipo de preparação, horário e local de consumo (dentro ou fora do domicílio). Alimentação fora do domicílio foi definida como todo alimento adquirido e consumido fora de casa. O primeiro dia de registro foi utilizado nas análises, considerando o peso amostral específico do INA e o efeito do desenho amostral. O consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio no Brasil foi reportado por 40% dos entrevistados; diminuiu com a idade e aumentou com a renda em todas as regiões brasileiras; foi maior entre os homens e na área urbana. Os grupos de alimentos com maior percentual de consumo fora de casa foram bebidas alcoólicas, salgadinhos fritos e assados, pizza, refrigerantes e sanduíches. Entre indivíduos residentes nas áreas urbanas do Brasil (n=25.753), a média de energia proveniente dessa alimentação foi 337 kcal, representando 18% do consumo total de energia. Alimentação fora do domicílio foi positivamente associada ao consumo total de energia. Avaliando somente adultos entre 25 e 65 anos de idade das áreas urbanas (n=13.736) não foi encontrada associação entre o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Indivíduos que consumiram alimentos fora do domicílio apresentaram menor ingestão de proteína; maior ingestão de gordura total, gordura saturada e açúcar livre; menor consumo de arroz, feijão e leite e maior consumo de salgadinhos fritos e assados, doces e açúcar, refrigerantes e bebidas alcoólicas do que não consumidores. Apesar da ausência de associação entre alimentação fora de casa e excesso de peso, o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio influencia a qualidade da dieta dos indivíduos e em longo prazo pode ter um impacto no ganho de peso da população, portanto, deve ser considerado nas ações de saúde pública voltadas para a melhoria da alimentação dos brasileiros. / This thesis is composed by four articles that focused on the impact of food consumed away from home on the diet and body weight of the Brazilian population. The first article is a systematic review of the scientific evidence of the association between food away from home and body weight with a quality assessment of published articles in scientific literature. We evaluated 28 articles and results suggested a positive association between the consumption of food away from home and weight gain. The review showed that one of the limitations in this area is the lack of standard definition and methods to assess away-from-home eating. For the other articles, data from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey (NDS) conducted along with the Household Budget Survey (HBS) 2008-2009 were used to characterize the consumption of food away from home (article 2); to investigate the association between away-from-home food consumption and total energy intake (article 3), and body weight (article 4). Analyses were conducted with 34,003 individuals over 10 years old with data on food intake collected through food records in two non-consecutive days. The records included detailed description of the food and the amount consumed, type of preparation, and time and place of consumption (at home or away from home). Away-from-home food was defined as all foods purchased and consumed outside the home. The first day of record was used in the analyses, taking into account the sample weight of NDS and the sample design. The consumption of food away from home in Brazil was reported by 40% of the respondents; decreased with age and increased with income in all Brazilian regions; it was higher among men and in urban areas. The groups with the highest percentage of food consumption outside the home were alcoholic beverages, baked and deep-fried snacks, pizza, soft drinks and sandwiches. Among those living in urban areas (n=25,753), the mean energy intake from away-from-home food was 337 kcal, accounting for 18% of total energy intake. Food away from home was positively associated with total energy intake. Evaluating only adults between 25 and 65 years old in urban areas (n=13,736), we found no association between the consumption of food away from home and Body Mass Index (BMI). Individuals who consumed food away from home had a lower intake of protein, higher intake of total fat, saturated fat, and free sugar, low consumption of rice, beans and milk and higher consumption of baked and deep-fried snacks, sweets and sugar, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages than non-consumers. Despite the lack of association between eating out and being overweight, the consumption of food away from home influences diet quality and in long-term it can have an impact on weight gain of the population. Therefore, it should be considered in public health strategies aiming at improving the diet of Brazilian population.

The distance Education in the teacher s formation and the introduction of the technology of information and communication is the educative innovator example in the global world. That research about the run away of the course in school and the nowadays challenges is characterized as the distance formation destined to the teachers, coordinators and directors of public schools of the world s public net, with the objective of favour the necessary base to the Technologies of Information and Communication utilization, in Special TV and video. This work had as aim to investigate the causes that took the frequenter teacher to run away from the course, once in Alagoas as the other states, there were a meaningful number of ran away. We look for area s references and subsidies to increase the quality of EAD, especially the extension course of TV in school and nowadays challenges. The utilized methodology was the study of a case, based in many sources of evidences, as documentation, consultations, interviews and questionnaires to the data collecting. The realized research involved the bibliographical data research, data collecting, to compute and data analysis. The obtained results demonstrate that the causes of the run away is related with the personal origin problems, substructure problems and problems with the pedagogic support, being the timeless for the activities excess the principal factor of the run away, taking us to rethink about the existence of the social structures that place between the education and the whole society. The research identified the causes of the run away is the context of the EAD, contributing as source of the informative knowledge that allow the decisions made and joined to the futures editions of the course offered to the teachers in work. / A Educação a distância (EAD) na formação de professores faz parte de um modelo educativo inovador no mundo globalizado. Esta pesquisa sobre evasão nos cursos a distância enfoca o Curso de Extensão TV na Escola e os Desafios de Hoje, destinado a capacitação de professores, coordenadores e gestores de escolas públicas de Ensino Médio e Fundamental da rede pública do país, com o objetivo de favorecer o embasamento necessário para utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, em especial TV e vídeo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as causas que levaram o professor-cursista a se evadir do curso, uma vez que em Alagoas, como nos demais estados, houve um número significativo de evadidos. Buscamos referenciais na área, e subsídios para aumentar a qualidade da EAD, especialmente do Curso de Extensão TV na Escola e os Desafios de Hoje. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo de caso, baseando-se em várias fontes de evidências, como documentação, consultas, entrevistas e questionários para coleta dos dados. A pesquisa envolveu levantamento de dados bibliográficos, coleta de dados, tabulação, análise dos dados. Os resultados demonstram que as causas da evasão estão relacionadas com problemas de origem pessoal, problemas de infra-estrutura e problemas com o suporte pedagógico, sendo falta de tempo por excesso de atividades os fatores principais da evasão, levando-nos a um repensar sobre a existência das estruturas sociais que permeiam a educação e a sociedade como um todo. A pesquisa identificou as causas da evasão no contexto de EAD, de modo a contribuir como fonte de conhecimento informativo que permitam tomadas de decisões acertadas junto às futuras edições dos cursos ofertados aos professores em serviço.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta tese é composta por quatro artigos que permitiram avaliar o impacto do consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio na dieta e no peso corporal da população brasileira. O primeiro artigo revisou de forma sistemática as evidências científicas da associação entre alimentação fora do domicílio e peso corporal com abordagem crítica dos artigos publicados na literatura. Foram avaliados 28 artigos e os resultados sugeriram uma associação positiva entre o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio e o ganho de peso. A revisão mostrou que uma das limitações nessa área é a ausência de padronização nas definições e métodos de avaliação do consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio. Para o desenvolvimento dos demais artigos, utilizou-se dados do Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação (INA) do Brasil, uma subamostra da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2008-2009, com o objetivo de caracterizar o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio da população brasileira (artigo 2) e investigar a associação entre alimentação fora do domicílio e ingestão total de energia (artigo 3) e peso corporal (artigo 4). As análises foram realizadas com os dados de consumo de alimentos coletados por meio de registro alimentar de 34.003 indivíduos acima de 10 anos em dois dias não-consecutivos. Os registros incluíram descrição detalhada dos alimentos e quantidade consumida, tipo de preparação, horário e local de consumo (dentro ou fora do domicílio). Alimentação fora do domicílio foi definida como todo alimento adquirido e consumido fora de casa. O primeiro dia de registro foi utilizado nas análises, considerando o peso amostral específico do INA e o efeito do desenho amostral. O consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio no Brasil foi reportado por 40% dos entrevistados; diminuiu com a idade e aumentou com a renda em todas as regiões brasileiras; foi maior entre os homens e na área urbana. Os grupos de alimentos com maior percentual de consumo fora de casa foram bebidas alcoólicas, salgadinhos fritos e assados, pizza, refrigerantes e sanduíches. Entre indivíduos residentes nas áreas urbanas do Brasil (n=25.753), a média de energia proveniente dessa alimentação foi 337 kcal, representando 18% do consumo total de energia. Alimentação fora do domicílio foi positivamente associada ao consumo total de energia. Avaliando somente adultos entre 25 e 65 anos de idade das áreas urbanas (n=13.736) não foi encontrada associação entre o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Indivíduos que consumiram alimentos fora do domicílio apresentaram menor ingestão de proteína; maior ingestão de gordura total, gordura saturada e açúcar livre; menor consumo de arroz, feijão e leite e maior consumo de salgadinhos fritos e assados, doces e açúcar, refrigerantes e bebidas alcoólicas do que não consumidores. Apesar da ausência de associação entre alimentação fora de casa e excesso de peso, o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio influencia a qualidade da dieta dos indivíduos e em longo prazo pode ter um impacto no ganho de peso da população, portanto, deve ser considerado nas ações de saúde pública voltadas para a melhoria da alimentação dos brasileiros. / This thesis is composed by four articles that focused on the impact of food consumed away from home on the diet and body weight of the Brazilian population. The first article is a systematic review of the scientific evidence of the association between food away from home and body weight with a quality assessment of published articles in scientific literature. We evaluated 28 articles and results suggested a positive association between the consumption of food away from home and weight gain. The review showed that one of the limitations in this area is the lack of standard definition and methods to assess away-from-home eating. For the other articles, data from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey (NDS) conducted along with the Household Budget Survey (HBS) 2008-2009 were used to characterize the consumption of food away from home (article 2); to investigate the association between away-from-home food consumption and total energy intake (article 3), and body weight (article 4). Analyses were conducted with 34,003 individuals over 10 years old with data on food intake collected through food records in two non-consecutive days. The records included detailed description of the food and the amount consumed, type of preparation, and time and place of consumption (at home or away from home). Away-from-home food was defined as all foods purchased and consumed outside the home. The first day of record was used in the analyses, taking into account the sample weight of NDS and the sample design. The consumption of food away from home in Brazil was reported by 40% of the respondents; decreased with age and increased with income in all Brazilian regions; it was higher among men and in urban areas. The groups with the highest percentage of food consumption outside the home were alcoholic beverages, baked and deep-fried snacks, pizza, soft drinks and sandwiches. Among those living in urban areas (n=25,753), the mean energy intake from away-from-home food was 337 kcal, accounting for 18% of total energy intake. Food away from home was positively associated with total energy intake. Evaluating only adults between 25 and 65 years old in urban areas (n=13,736), we found no association between the consumption of food away from home and Body Mass Index (BMI). Individuals who consumed food away from home had a lower intake of protein, higher intake of total fat, saturated fat, and free sugar, low consumption of rice, beans and milk and higher consumption of baked and deep-fried snacks, sweets and sugar, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages than non-consumers. Despite the lack of association between eating out and being overweight, the consumption of food away from home influences diet quality and in long-term it can have an impact on weight gain of the population. Therefore, it should be considered in public health strategies aiming at improving the diet of Brazilian population.

This master thesis is thematically treating three short stories of Andrey Platonov: Bessmertie, Fro and Vozvraščenie. The purpose is to examine how Platonov presents the Soviet family and to what extent it fits the Soviet family politics. The family portraits are analysed in comparison with the guiding principles of the doctrine of Socialist Realism with the trends of Socialist Realism and family policy of the time into consideration.       The first part describes Platonov’s life, the Socialist Realism, and the family policies of the Soviet Union. It also discusses how the influences of the time could have affected the author’s later works. The second part consists of an analysis of the three short stories mentioned above.      The conclusion is that there is an opposition between the task of working and family life in the stories. Despite the fact that Platonov problematizes this opposition, there are few signs that he writes with an intended direct opposition towards the Soviet power or censorship. The themes of his stories are instead in fact following the development of contemporary family politics, and that is a development with a Soviet family that is “withering away”. / <p>Min examen är från Masterprogrammet i språk. Programmet finns inte med under kategorin "Utbildningsprogram".</p>