Bullying is a continuing problem for adults with intellectual disabilities who live in group homes and attend adult day training settings together. Many different intervention approaches have been reviewed. Most research in this area focuses on bullying in schools with typically developing children, and therefore, a need for effective behavioral interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities still remains. Previous research has found success in teaching safety skills to a variety of populations using behavioral skills training (BST) and achieving generalization of these skills using in situ training (IST). This study evaluated BST to teach a response to bullying (RtB) to the victims of bullying, with added IST for participants whose skills did not generalize to the natural environment. This study attempted to remove the hypothesized reinforcer of social attention from the perpetrator of bullying. In situ assessments (ISA) were conducted in the natural setting after BST sessions had already occurred. When BST was not sufficient in evoking the correct response during ISA, IST was added for 2 participants and an incentive was added for 1 participant to increase motivation when responding still did not meet completion criteria. However, BST alone was successful in teaching the RtB to two participants, evident by their responses during ISA. The results of this study are consistent with previous BST and IST research.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction / Thomas Vontz / Motivated by a critical theory of place, this qualitative study sought to explore the experiences of participants in a single embedded case of the Global Opportunities office at Susquehanna University. Through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and participant observation, a thorough exploration of the case was completed over a two year period. This case study explored how 15 students, faculty, and administrators in global learning programs describe their experience across immersive locations—inclusive of locations classified as domestic and international. By using a critical case study methodological framework, this work was framed by equal access to important global learning outcomes by all students—regardless of ability to pay. Global learning programs, traditionally abroad, can be a transformational experience for students able to participate—a steady 2% of university students over the previous few decades (Twombly, Salisbury, Tumanut, & Klute, 2012). As a result, 98% of American university students are not going abroad during their undergraduate experience in an academic context, most not at all. This study explored immersive programs not traditionally thought of as cross-cultural, many considered domestic experiences. Through rigorous qualitative analysis, the data in this study resulted in three themes: i. The domestic/international distinction is insufficient. ii. Civic identity is more salient in domestic and liminal experiences. iii. Location is not enough. Curriculum is essential. Implications of this work could be of interest to students in cross-cultural programs, teaching faculty and staff, student program providers of a variety of types, and university administrators of immersive experiences. Ultimately, this study sought to explore possibilities to broaden access to global learning experiences for all students.

Retinoblastoma-binding protein 4 (RBBP4) is a subunit of chromatin remodeling factor 1 (CAF-1) and is essential for mammalian oocyte maturation, embryo survival, and embryo implantation. RBBP4 also localizes to the chromatin and is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. Previous methods used to study this protein include short interfacing RNAs (siRNAs) and CRISPR/Cas9. These techniques have limitations such as determining an indirect depletion of proteins, may trigger compensatory mechanisms, and may not be useful in non-dividing primary cells. A new, acute, and rapid endogenous protein depletion technique called Trim-Away, can overcome these limitations. Trim-Away is also widely applicable since it can be used with many off-the-shelf reagents. Trim-Away utilizes the TRIM21-antibody interaction within the cytosol and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) to target and degrade a protein of interest. Studying RBBP4 using Trim-Away can offer insight into possible new functions of RBBP4 and its maternal effect, and increase the knowledge on a new, acute, and endogenous protein depletion technique. Here we report that, RBBP4 is required for proper blastocyst development and RBBP4 is more abundant in MII oocytes than GVBD oocytes. We also report that the loss of RBBP4 hinders RNA synthesis and causes cell death in later stages of embryo development. While our Trim-Away methodology can deplete RBBP4 as early as the 2-cell stage in embryos, our oocyte Trim-Away protocol needs to be optimized.

As autonomy increases in today’s vehicles, the demands increase on both safety and comfort functions. Vehicle Hold, which holds the vehicle stationary without requiring the driver to press the brake pedal, is an example of such as function. This thesis aims to develop a concept for a Drive Away Release from this hold state, following several requirements regarding such as rollback, comfort, manual and autonomous drive mode, driving direction, road inclinations, with or without a trailer, and following the safety standard ISO 26262. In order to develop the concept function, a study of the state-of-the-art was made, followed by modeling the dynamics and control. The control algorithm was validated and tested first by running co-simulations between Matlab/Simulink and CarMaker. It was then implemented in a test vehicle. The test vehicle did not have all systems which are usually provided, demanding estimations to be made, such as the road inclination and vehicle mass. For manual drive mode, the driver controls the propulsion torque, and the control algorithm is based on releasing the brakes depending on estimations of the gravitational and propulsion torques. For autonomous drive mode, the vehicle is supposed to follow an acceleration reference. The control algorithm for autonomous drive mode is then extended with two feedforward compensators, one from reference and one from the gravitational torque, which is regarded as a disturbance, and with a feedback PI controller. To ensure that rollback do not occur at drive away release, a rollback prevention safety feature was also developed. The results of both the simulations and the test drives show that the concept function provides comfortable drive-off for most inclinations, drive modes and directions, without causing an undesired rollback

Pram is more complicated product, than you may think. Regular first opinion puts pram into some sort of toy but it is exactly contrary. This product contains user’s demands from two point of view - parents and baby. These users have different needs and - as we are get used today - we want to have not just working stuffs but modern, nice and make it naturally like part of our lifes. We can’t prefer design and leave functionality behind or make it really complicated to produce just with efford create something new. In this project I tried find compromise and come out with design with new features, ideas and experimental look but with same function ability. Main point of designing the pram was create universal pram with easy use during whole first 3 baby periods (from 0 to 2 years old baby) and decrease the final number of needed parts. I focused on original design and carriage parts which can be formed according to baby needs. Create universall pram but also easy to transport and fold. There are two main features designed completelly from scratch: modifiable carriage part and design attractive no center axis wheels.

The food-away-from-home (FAFH) sector in South Africa has continued to increase in popularity. This is illustrated by the increased presence of FAFH in the diets of the country’s citizens. However, the sector in South Africa remains un-researched with regard to understanding household preferences and the composition of consumer expenditure. This study analyses the effects of income and socio-demographic variables on FAFH expenditure for South Africa. These results will be useful to the foodservice sector and policy makers in order to identify potential customers, respond to current customers’ changing demands and develop marketing and operational strategies, and address important nutrition and health consequences, respectively. Data from Income and Expenditure Surveys (IESs) of 2005/2006 and 2010/2011 of StatsSA (Statistics South Africa) were used to estimate the responsiveness of household FAFH expenditure in South Africa to income and a number of socio-demographic variables. The IESs contain a large number of households with zero FAFH expenditure observations which means that the use of ordinary least squares (OLS) would result in biased and inconsistent results. Furthermore, omitting households with zero FAFH expenditure, and applying OLS reduces the sample size and consequently the efficiency of estimation. Previous studies made use of the univariate and multivariate an adjustment factor and a two-stage process where the second stage is a Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) Within-Group estimator. The majority of studies suggest that double-hurdle models are appropriate for applications where zero expenditure observations are due to abstention or economic factors. The double-hurdle model is more flexible than the tobit model because it allows for the possibility that zero and positive values are generated by different mechanisms. The model used assumes independence between the two hurdles. The first hurdle determines the probability of purchasing FAFH, while the second hurdle determines the amount spent on FAFH. The double-hurdle models estimated for the IESs of 2005/2006 and 2010/2011 illustrate that households headed by younger White females with a small household size and living in an urban settlement are most likely to purchase FAFH. However, households headed by younger White males with a small household size and living in an urban formal settlement are likely to have the highest expenditure on FAFH. An increase in income positively affects the decision to buy FAFH and the amount spent by participating households. The APE (average partial effect) was calculated for the income variable. The APE determines the probability of purchasing FAFH and the income elasticities (conditional and unconditional) of expenditure on FAFH by households. The estimated conditional income elasticity of expenditure is 0,27 and the unconditional income elasticity of expenditure is 0,611 for the IES of 2005/2006. While the estimated conditional income elasticity is 0,171 and the unconditional income elasticity is 0,472 for the IES of 2010/2011. The probability of purchasing FAFH is 0,0905 and 0,0568 for the IESs of 2005/2006 and 2010/2011 respectively. The income elasticity of expenditure on FAFH is inelastic and FAFH is a normal good for the average South African household. The small size of the participation elasticities mean that growth in the FAFH sector will be driven by households with existing expenditure. Future studies should focus on per capita FAFH expenditure, the effect of the lifestage of the individual, rather than age, on FAFH expenditure, FAFH expenditure for different meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and facility types (quick- and full-service restaurants) and the effect of income and socio-demographic factors on FAFH expenditure on different food types (for example beef, chicken, lamb, potatoes and salads). / Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / MScAgric / Unrestricted

This thesis delves into film music and how it can be used to shape and influence the viewer on different levels, as well as how the music in itself portrays a character. A qualitative textual analysis was used in order to get an answer to these questions. The object of study for this analysis was Studio Ghibli’s film Spirited Away, and the characters that were analyzed were Chihiro, No Face and Yubaba. Multimodality was one of the main theories used, since it was the most fitting for the subject of analyzing characters on a deeper level. It was used to make meaning of signs with personal and cultural references as a guide later on for the material that had been collected. Neoformalism was the main method for this analysis. Leitmotif or returning instruments are used to either indicate a character’s presence like No Face or Yubaba, or the character's emotion or motivation, like Chihiro’s leitmotif when she is reminded of the real world. The music was used to create a narrative with Chihiro and No Face, while the music for Yubaba was mostly to create a sense of emotion. The changes in Chihiro and No Face leitmotifs that can be heard throughout the movie, indicates character development. Yubaba’s music doesn’t change and is used more to settle an emotional impact when she’s shown. Silence was also heavily used, mostly in relation to Chihiro. Sudden changes from an abundance of music to silence to create an eerie feeling around elements that scare Chihiro is the most used, but also the loss of leitmotif for No Face to show change. The music is also used to highlight the difference between the real world and the spirit world, the real world has western influenced style of music while the spirit world has an eastern influenced style of music. This is also reflected in the characters, with No Face having Japanese bells to show he’s a spirit, while Chihiro and Yubaba having more western sounding music to show they do not belong there. / Detta examensarbete fördjupar sig i filmmusik och hur den kan användas för att forma och påverka tittaren på olika nivåer, samt hur musiken i sig porträtterar en karaktär. En kvalitativ textanalys användes för att få svar på dessa frågor. Studieobjektet för denna analys var Studio Ghiblis film Spirited Away, och karaktärerna som analyserades var Chihiro, No Face och Yubaba. Multimodalitet var en av de huvudsakliga teorierna som användes, eftersom det var den mest passande för ämnet att analysera karaktärer på en djupare nivå. Den användes för att skapa betydelse av signs med personliga och kulturella referenser som en vägledning senare för det material som hade samlats in. Neoformalism var huvudmetoden för denna analys. Leitmotiv eller återkommande instrument används för att antingen indikera en karaktärs närvaro som No Face eller Yubaba, eller karaktärens känslor eller motivation, som Chihiros ledmotiv när hon påminns om den verkliga världen. Musiken användes för att skapa ett narrativ med Chihiro och No Face, medan musiken till Yubaba mest var för att skapa en emotionell koppling till tittaren. Förändringarna i ledmotiven Chihiro och No Face som kan höras genom hela filmen, indikerar karaktärsutveckling. Yubabas musik förändras inte och används mer för att lösa en känslomässig påverkan när hon visas. Tystnad användes också flitigt, mest i förhållande till Chihiro. Plötsliga förändringar från ett överflöd av musik till tystnad för att skapa en kuslig känsla kring element som skrämmer Chihiro är den mest använda, men också förlusten av ledmotiv för No Face för att visa förändring. Musiken används också för att belysa skillnaden mellan den verkliga världen och andevärlden, den verkliga världen har västerländsk influerad musikstil medan andevärlden har en österländsk musikstil. Detta återspeglas också i karaktärerna, där No Face har japanska klockor för att visa att han är en ande, medan Chihiro och Yubaba har mer västerländskt klingande musik för att visa att de inte hör hemma där.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Eating away from home has been identified as one possible contributor to childhood obesity, with links to poor diet quality and higher weight status due to dietary quality of meals at restaurants and consumers' attitudes. Parenting style has been associated with children's weight status and overall attitudes toward food, with authoritative parenting being shown to help protect against childhood obesity. The current study aimed to compare and contrast parenting and feeding practices at home and in the restaurant. Twenty-five mothers with children, ages five to eight, who ate at restaurants at least two times per week participated in facilitated, individual interviews. Interviews topics included: parenting, child input in choosing restaurants and restaurant meal selection, and food rules and practices at restaurants versus at home. Socio-demographic information, parenting style, and the mothers' heights and weights were gathered, with descriptive statistics computed. Interview data were transcribed, then thematically coded using NVivo software. All mothers scored highest on authoritative parenting styles. Participating mothers were Caucasian, well-educated, with above-average family incomes. Mothers had an average of 2.2 children and a BMI of 27.9 kg/m². Mothers described more stringent behavioral expectations and more permissive food rules at restaurants. Parents had greater influence in determining whether to eat away from home and where, whereas children had greater responsibility for meal selections at restaurants. The results suggest that practices may differ at restaurants than at home, highlighting the importance of further research, along with educational and behavioral strategies directed toward mothers when eating away from home. / Master of Science