This study focuses on the hygrothermal performance of Moso bamboo. The knowledge in this aspect is remarkable important for the research of building energy saving and the low carbon building design. However, the detailed hygrothermal properties of Moso bamboo are fairly rare. To obtain these data, a series of experimental works have been done for measurement of density, porosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, water vapour permeability, hygrothermal expansion and sorption isotherm of Moso bamboo. To obtain further understanding on the hygrothermal performance of Moso bamboo, a number of dynamic heat and moisture transfer experiments were conducted. These experiments simulated two extreme outdoor environments and one indoor environment. The temperature and RH responses of Moso bamboo panels were monitored. Then a coupled transient heat and moisture transfer numerical simulation at the material level was conducted to predict and validate the hygrothermal performance of Moso bamboo. A sensitivity study of the hygrothermal properties of bamboo was also presented to indentify the influence of each hygrothermal property of Moso bamboo. Major findings include the following aspects. Both experiment and simulation results appear to be consistent with the results of measurements of the basic hygrothermal parameters. The parametric study found that density can be regarded as the most sensible parameter to influence the temperature simulation results at the transient state, while the thermal conductivity dominated the temperature variation at the steady state. The water vapour diffusion resistance factor can be regarded as the most critical parameter to influence the RH simulation results. The influence of liquid water diffusivity is negligible in this study. The parametric study results indicated that the simulation with moisture is more accurate than the simulation without moisture in both equilibrium and transient state. The results also imply that the existence of moisture could increase the heat capacity and reduce the thermal conductivity. The results of this study recommend that the external part of the bamboo culm wall can be utilised to minimise the RH variation of the panel while the internal part of the bamboo culm wall is suitable to increase the thermal insulation performance of the panel. To avoid hygroexpansion, the implementation of external part of bamboo culm wall needs to be minimised.

Orientador: Marco Antonio dos Reis Pereira / Banca: Marizilda dos Santos Menezes / Banca: Antonio Ludovico Beraldo / Resumo: Esta dissertação teve como objetivo desenvolver processos de confecção de Jóias de Arte ecologicamente corretas em bambu e metal clay. Para tanto foram projetados e confeccionados alguns protótipos de jóias com estes materiais, aliando o material renovável bambu e o metal clay, que é proveniente da reciclagem de chapas fotográficas e outros resíduos industriais. Foram confeccionados um anel, uma pulseira e um pingente, com partes de colmos de bambu devidamente secos, da espécie Dendrocalamus giganteus, fornecidos pelo Laboratório de Bambu do Cmpus da UNESP de Bauru, e a Prata metal clay, da marca Mitsubishi materials. As jóias foram produzidas de acordo com o instrumento de análise ecológica de produtos joalheiros. Foram avaliados parâmetros como: custo, tempo de feitio, treinamento, ferramentas e maquinários utilizados, durabilidade da peça e resíduos gerados. No final foram propostas as etapas necessárias para a confecção de jóias em bambu e metal clay, associando o design a processos mais enxutos, eficazes e seguros na produção artesanal destas / Abstract: This study aimed to develop eco-friendly art jewelry in precious metal clay and bamboo. Therefore, it was designed and made some art jewelry prototypes with these materials, combining renewable bamboo material and metal clay that comes from the recycling of photographic plates and others industrials wastes. Initially, a ring, a bracelet and a pendant were made using wastes of dried culms of Dendrocalamus giganteus bamboo and silver metal clay of Mitsubishi materials. The pieces were produced according produced according to the analysis chart of ecological products jewelry. The evaluated parameters were: cost, producing time, necessary training, used tools and machinery, durability and generated waste. As a result, proposals were made for the necessary procedures to make jewerly with bamboo and metal clay, combining design with streamlined, efficient and safe processes to make those pieces / Mestre

O discurso corrente sobre termos como \"desenvolvimento sustentável\" e \"sustentabilidade\" tende a ser atribuído diretamente a uma matriz de pensamento \"verde\" que se desenvolve de maneira independente em relação à realidade social envolvida. No entanto, a manutenção de uma sociedade sustentável deve resgatar, sobretudo, o conceito de qualidade de vida das sociedades. Assim, configura-se a demanda de elaboração de possíveis formas de organizações sustentáveis baseadas nos valores históricos, culturais e nas relações existentes entre os cidadãos e a natureza. Diante das questões levantadas, a produção da arquitetura tende a sofrer uma reflexão sobre a postura que se mostraria mais coerente com tais preceitos. A busca por uma arquitetura de baixo impacto social e ambiental pode estar ligada a uma adequada articulação entre novas tecnologias e tradições construtivas existentes, conforme o conceito de pluralismo tecnológico. Diante do cenário social e ambiental do Vale do Ribeira, SP, mostra-se necessário o pensar em culturas construtivas que garantam o estreitamento de relações comunitárias, o envolvimento do usuário/produtor com o processo construtivo, a formação de uma mão-de-obra capacitada e a consequente autonomia das comunidades locais. O bambu representa uma cultura agrícola de fácil manutenção no ambiente natural do Vale do Ribeira, sendo já atualmente uma das principais regiões de seu cultivo no Estado de São Paulo. Configura-se como planta com grande potencial de regeneração ambiental e de grande rendimento produtivo. Já na elaboração do material para seu uso na construção, seu processo produtivo possibilita um amplo domínio pelo usuário, configurando um importante veículo de engajamento de projetos de inclusão social, possibilitando formação, capacitação e geração de trabalho e renda. Assim, a pesquisa visa elucidar e desenvolver possíveis sistemas construtivos em bambu que respondam às questões econômicas, ambientais e sociais referentes ao universo das comunidades caiçaras e ribeirinhas do Vale do Ribeira. A pesquisa, visando questões como o desenvolvimento de um processo de construção autônomo e a valorização do sujeito-autor de seu próprio espaço, contribui para uma forma de desenvolvimento contextual com raízes legítimas, integrado a um modo de vida e a uma cultura local, que só assim poderá trazer na incursão de novas tecnologias, uma atividade social e ambientalmente sustentável. / The current discourse about terms like \"sustainable development\" and \"sustainability\" is usually directly assigned to a \"green\" thinking, developed independently from the social reality involved. However, to maintain a sustainable society it is necessary to rescue the concept of quality of life of societies. Thus, there is a demand of developing possible ways of sustainable organizations, based on historical, cultural and in the relation between the citizens and nature. Before those questions, the production of architecture tends to be an object of observation to define which position would prove more coherence with such precepts. The demand for an architecture of low social and environmental impact can be connected to a proper articulation between new technologies and existing building traditions, as the concept of technological pluralism. Given the social and environmental scenario of the Vale do Ribeira, SP, it is necessary to think about constructive cultures that can guarantee a community relations approach, the involvement of the user / producer with the construction process, the formation of a manpower and the consequent empowerment of local communities. Bamboo is an easy to maintain agricultural culture in the natural environment in the Vale do Ribeira, one of the main regions of its cultivation in the State of São Paulo. It is a plant with great potential for environmental regeneration and high production yield. In material elaboration for construction, its production process enables a broad domain by the user, setting an important vehicle for engaging social inclusion projects, providing education, training, employment and income generation. The research aims to elucidate and develop possibilities for bamboo construction systems that responds to economic, environmental and social issues from the universe of regarding caiçaras and riverside communities in Vale do Ribeira. The research, aimed at issues such as the development of a autonomous building process and the appreciation of the subject-author of your own space, contributes to a contextual development with legitimate roots, integrated into local way of life and culture, which represents the only way of bringing in the incursion of new technologies, a social and environmentally sustainable.

Submitted by andreia archangelo (andreia.archangelo@gmail.com) on 2017-02-08T20:21:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BAMBU E CASCA DE ARROZ V.13.pdf: 4832534 bytes, checksum: 1d01860217fb88289bb6cf158ea54bfa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-14T12:15:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 archangelo_a_me_bauru.pdf: 4832534 bytes, checksum: 1d01860217fb88289bb6cf158ea54bfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T12:15:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 archangelo_a_me_bauru.pdf: 4832534 bytes, checksum: 1d01860217fb88289bb6cf158ea54bfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / A produção de painéis de madeiras e outros materiais lignocelulósicos como o bambu, casca de arroz, casca de amendoim, casca de café, bagaço de cana de açúcar, entre outros, vem crescendo nos últimos anos na busca de um aproveitamento para esses resíduos agroindustrial. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, determinar as características físicas e mecânicas dos painéis de partículas aglomeradas homogêneas, produzidos com bambu da espécie Dendrocalamus Giganteus e a adição de casca de arroz, para aplicação em construção civil e na indústria moveleira, comparando os resultados obtidos com outros autores. Portanto, foram produzidos painéis com particulas aglomeradas em quatro traços conforme a norma brasileira NBR 14810-2 (2013), determinou-se os valores de inchamento em espessura 24h, absorção de água 24h, umidade, densidade, resistência a flexão (MOR e MOE), tração perpendicular e arranchamento de parafusos (topo e face). A densidade alvo dos painéis foi de 850 Kg/m3 considerados painéis de alta densidade. O adesivo utilizado foi poliuretano a base de óleo de mamona, na proporção de uma parte de poliol uma parte de pré polímero totalizando em 12% da massa. Os resultados obtidos, indicaram que os traços contendo bambu e casca de arroz, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quando comparados à norma, e em alguns casos, com índices superiores aos determinados pela NBR 14810-2(2013), e por resultados comparado a outros autores como pesquisa semelhantes. Os resultados apresentados nesta pesquisa, do material ensaiado apresenta bom potencial para a fabricação de painéis de particulas, com aplicabilidade em condições secas, conforme a norma, com oportunidade para novos estudos de pesquisa. / The production of panels of wood and other lignocellulosic materials as bamboo, rice husks, peanut shells, coffee pods, sugar cane bagasse, among others, has been growing in recent years in search of a harnessing for industrial waste. This work aims to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of sintered particles homogeneous panels, produced with Dendrocalamus Giganteus bamboo species and the addition of rice husk, for use in civil construction and in furniture industry, comparing the results obtained by other authors. Therefore, panels were produced with agglomerated particles in four strokes as the brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 (2013), it was determined the values of swelling in thickness, 12:00 am 12:00 am water absorption, moisture, density, resistance to flexion (MOR and MOE), perpendicular traction and arranchamento of screws (top and side). The target density of the panels was 850 Kg/m3 high density panels considered. The adhesive used was oil-based polyurethane of mamona, in the proportion of one part of a prerequisite part polymer polyol totaling in 12% of the mass. The results obtained indicated that traces containing bamboo and rice husk, presented satisfactory results when compared to standard, and in some cases, with indexes higher than those determined by the NBR 14810-2 (2013), and results compared to other authors such as similar research. The results presented in this research, the material tested presents good potential for the manufacture of particle panels, with applicability in dry conditions, as the norm, with opportunity for new research studies.

O discurso corrente sobre termos como \"desenvolvimento sustentável\" e \"sustentabilidade\" tende a ser atribuído diretamente a uma matriz de pensamento \"verde\" que se desenvolve de maneira independente em relação à realidade social envolvida. No entanto, a manutenção de uma sociedade sustentável deve resgatar, sobretudo, o conceito de qualidade de vida das sociedades. Assim, configura-se a demanda de elaboração de possíveis formas de organizações sustentáveis baseadas nos valores históricos, culturais e nas relações existentes entre os cidadãos e a natureza. Diante das questões levantadas, a produção da arquitetura tende a sofrer uma reflexão sobre a postura que se mostraria mais coerente com tais preceitos. A busca por uma arquitetura de baixo impacto social e ambiental pode estar ligada a uma adequada articulação entre novas tecnologias e tradições construtivas existentes, conforme o conceito de pluralismo tecnológico. Diante do cenário social e ambiental do Vale do Ribeira, SP, mostra-se necessário o pensar em culturas construtivas que garantam o estreitamento de relações comunitárias, o envolvimento do usuário/produtor com o processo construtivo, a formação de uma mão-de-obra capacitada e a consequente autonomia das comunidades locais. O bambu representa uma cultura agrícola de fácil manutenção no ambiente natural do Vale do Ribeira, sendo já atualmente uma das principais regiões de seu cultivo no Estado de São Paulo. Configura-se como planta com grande potencial de regeneração ambiental e de grande rendimento produtivo. Já na elaboração do material para seu uso na construção, seu processo produtivo possibilita um amplo domínio pelo usuário, configurando um importante veículo de engajamento de projetos de inclusão social, possibilitando formação, capacitação e geração de trabalho e renda. Assim, a pesquisa visa elucidar e desenvolver possíveis sistemas construtivos em bambu que respondam às questões econômicas, ambientais e sociais referentes ao universo das comunidades caiçaras e ribeirinhas do Vale do Ribeira. A pesquisa, visando questões como o desenvolvimento de um processo de construção autônomo e a valorização do sujeito-autor de seu próprio espaço, contribui para uma forma de desenvolvimento contextual com raízes legítimas, integrado a um modo de vida e a uma cultura local, que só assim poderá trazer na incursão de novas tecnologias, uma atividade social e ambientalmente sustentável. / The current discourse about terms like \"sustainable development\" and \"sustainability\" is usually directly assigned to a \"green\" thinking, developed independently from the social reality involved. However, to maintain a sustainable society it is necessary to rescue the concept of quality of life of societies. Thus, there is a demand of developing possible ways of sustainable organizations, based on historical, cultural and in the relation between the citizens and nature. Before those questions, the production of architecture tends to be an object of observation to define which position would prove more coherence with such precepts. The demand for an architecture of low social and environmental impact can be connected to a proper articulation between new technologies and existing building traditions, as the concept of technological pluralism. Given the social and environmental scenario of the Vale do Ribeira, SP, it is necessary to think about constructive cultures that can guarantee a community relations approach, the involvement of the user / producer with the construction process, the formation of a manpower and the consequent empowerment of local communities. Bamboo is an easy to maintain agricultural culture in the natural environment in the Vale do Ribeira, one of the main regions of its cultivation in the State of São Paulo. It is a plant with great potential for environmental regeneration and high production yield. In material elaboration for construction, its production process enables a broad domain by the user, setting an important vehicle for engaging social inclusion projects, providing education, training, employment and income generation. The research aims to elucidate and develop possibilities for bamboo construction systems that responds to economic, environmental and social issues from the universe of regarding caiçaras and riverside communities in Vale do Ribeira. The research, aimed at issues such as the development of a autonomous building process and the appreciation of the subject-author of your own space, contributes to a contextual development with legitimate roots, integrated into local way of life and culture, which represents the only way of bringing in the incursion of new technologies, a social and environmentally sustainable.

O foco desta pesquisa é o estudo do desempenho de colmos de bambu em estruturas de cobertura. A arquitetura do século XXI precisa de novos modelos de produção e novos materiais para possibilitar o desenvolvimento sustentável do planeta. O bambu é um material renovável, com custos de produção baixo, pegada ecológica positiva e de qualidade física excelente; mas existe um desconhecimento bastante generalizado sobre o seu uso na construção civil. Esta lacuna é ainda maior quando se procura entender seu comportamento estrutural ao longo do tempo. Entre os vários requisitos para avaliar o desempenho do material, quando é o elemento portante de uma construção, destacam-se dois que são essenciais: a estabilidade e a durabilidade. Neste trabalho procura-se, em primeiro lugar, compreender o comportamento físico-mecânico do material na composição microscópica e macroscópica para delimitar sua segurança estrutural, e em segundo lugar, examinar aqueles processos que, desde o crescimento da planta até à sua utilização em obra, determinam a vida útil do material. São também analisadas as práticas construtivas e ações de projeto que condicionam transversalmente estas duas exigências de desempenho, junto com um levantamento de estudos de caso que visa criar novos critérios de design de estruturas e soluções construtivas. Esta pesquisa procura expor os pontos fortes e fracos da atual construção com bambu, para que os primeiros sejam potencializados e os segundos sejam corrigidos. / The focus of this research is the study of the performance of bamboo in coverage structures. The architecture of the 21st century needs new production models and new materials to enable the sustainable development of the planet. Bamboo is a renewable material, with low production costs, positive ecological footprint and excellent physical-mechanical properties; but there is a rather general lack of knowledge about its use in civil construction. This gap is even greater when one tries to understand its structural behaviour over time. Among the various requirements to evaluate the performance of the material, when it is the structural element in a construction, two that stand out are essential: stability and durability. In this work, the understanding of the physical and mechanical behaviour of the material in the microscopic and macroscopic composition is sought first to delimit its structural safety, and secondly, examining the processes that, since the plants\'s growth until its usage in work, determine the useful life of the material. It is also analyzed the constructive practices and project actions that condition transversally these two performance requirements, along with a survey of case studies that aim to create new criteria of structure design and building solutions. This research seeks to export the strengths and weaknesses of the current construction with bamboo, so the first may be potentialized and the latter corrected.

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in Metallurgical Engineering to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / Abandoned mines in South Africa have created a series of environmental legacies around the mining community in the form of health hazard (air pollution), land degradation and illegal mining activities. The biggest mine environmental legacy that is being addressed today in South Africa is that of abandoned mines, particularly asbestos and the process of cleaning up asbestos mining dumps in South Africa as implemented by Mintek (state owned mineral processing and metallaurgical research instistute)on behalf of Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) and this form the main basis of this research study. The history of abandoned mines, particularly asbestos mining, is that the mining peaked and took place during the time when there were no environmental regulations forcing mining companies to take control of their waste. The only legislation was the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act (Act No.45 of 1965). The Mineral Act, which regulated most of the mining activity in South Africa was promulgated in 1991 and was enacted as Act No.50 in 1991. Apart from the environmental challenges, these mines are located in rural areas with high unemployment levels and poor infrastructure, and therefore all solutions would require these matter to be addressed as well. This study was based on a literature review involving bamboo as a potential vegetation cover to be grown on abandoned mineland both for rehabilitation and with intention to harvest it for energy use. This would hope to address some of the socioeconomic issues within the communities surrounding such abandoned asbestos mines. Penge area in the Limpopo Province is proposed as the site for a pilot study for such bamboo cultivation. Bamboos are a large group of rapidly growing woody grasses, mainly found in the IndoChina regions of the world that can be sustainably managed in short-cycle harvesting schemes. They offer many benefits like erosion control, architectural properties for rural construction activities and can be used as biomass feedstock for the bioenergy economy. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to grow bamboo in the Penge based on its physio-climatic conditions. The literature review proposes , Bambusa balcooa, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus strictus and Phyllostachys edulis as suitable bamboo species for the region. Based on rudimetary simple evaluation model the area will produce 14 tonnes/ha/year of biomass in the 5th year of harvesting, increasing to and stabilizing to 47 tonnes /ha/year in the 7th year and it has proven economically feasible to proudce energy from the amount of feedstock generated. / XL2018

The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare the performance, aesthetic and material properties of women’s t-shirts composed of three different sustainable fibers (lyocell, organic cotton, and viscose from bamboo) before and after repeated home laundering. A convenience sample was comprised of thirty-nine t-shirts. Thirteen black t-shirts from each fiber content were used for testing according to ASTM and AATCC standards. The evaluations and measurements were performed initially and after wash intervals one, five, ten, and twenty. The t-shirts were tested for fabric weight, fabric count, color fastness, smoothness appearance, pilling, dimensional stability and skewness.

Due to the recent production and popularity of the textile fabric rayon from bamboo, relatively little information is available regarding related performance characteristics. This thesis serves to evaluate the performance of rayon from bamboo in the bed sheet application. Three tests were conducted to determine dimensional stability, fabric hand, and weight, thickness, and density of the rayon from bamboo throughout twelve laundering cycles. Results indicate a lack of dimensional stability, superior hand, and acceptable changes in weight, thickness, and density.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da produção de perifíton na qualidade da água em viveiros escavados de produção intensiva (7 t/ha1) de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) com baixa renovação da água (6,2% dia-1). O experimento foi iniciado em maio/2018 a julho/2018 com alevinos de tilápia do Nilo com peso médio de 2 gramas e foi encerrado quando os peixes atingiram o peso médio de 35 gramas. Cada unidade experimental foi representada por um viveiro escavado de 130 m2, com água de entrada e saída independentes. O delineamento experimental constou de dois tratamentos e três repetições, sendo testada presença ou ausência de substrato nos viveiros escavados. No tratamento com inclusão de substrato atrator, foram instalados módulos compostos por hastes de bambu ocupando 50% da área superficial do viveiro. Em cada viveiro, foram inseridos módulos de substratos desprotegidos e protegidos dos peixes. Os resultados mostraram que a temperatura, condutividade elétrica, transparência, pH e alcalinidade da água não foram alterados pela produção de perifíton nos substratos de bambu na produção de perifíton nos viveiros escavados no cultivo de juvenis de tilápias do Nilo. A comunidade perifítica presente nos substratos de bambu nas condições deste experimento foi classificada como heterotrófica durante todo o período experimental. A proporção na inserção de substratos de bambu em 50% da área de superfície da água dos viveiros foi suficiente para proporciona... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the insertion of the bamboo substrate on the water quality in intensive nursery (7 t/ha1) of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with low water renewal (6.2% Day-1). The experiment was started in 2018/May to 2018/July with Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average weight of 2 grams and was closed when the fish reached the average weight of 35 grams. Each experimental unit was represented by a nursery excavated of 130 m2, with water of independent entrance and exit. The experimental design consisted of two treatments and three replicates, being tested the presence or absence of substrate in the excavated nurseries. In the treatment with inclusion of substrate attractor, modules composed of bamboo stems occupying 50% of the surface area of the nursery were installed. In each nursery, substrate modules were inserted unprotected and protected from fish. The results showed that the temperature, electrical conductivity, transparency, pH and alkalinity of the water were not altered by the inclusion of bamboo substrates in the production of periphyton in nurseries excavated in the cultivation of Nile tilapia juveniles. The periphytic community present in the bamboo substrates under the conditions of this experiment was classified as heterotrophic throughout the experimental period. The proportion in the insertion of bamboo substrates in 50% of the water surface area of the nurseries was sufficient to provide the mai... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre