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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
341

Avaliação de genótipos diplóides AA de Musa spp. submetidos a estresse salino

SILVA, Roberta Lane de Oliveira 21 February 2008 (has links)
Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-21T15:30:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva.pdf: 816508 bytes, checksum: 8ee58f1e26cefa223321e756c9e49f07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T15:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva.pdf: 816508 bytes, checksum: 8ee58f1e26cefa223321e756c9e49f07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-21 / The salinity is a common factor of abiotic stress that seriously affects the agricultural production. Currently, over 800 million hectares worldwide are affected by salinity. One of the strategies to promote reincorporation of salinity areas and the productivity increase consists in development and selection of tolerant genotypes, which allows parental identification for crossings. The diploid (AA) of bananas Germplasm Bank's Active of the National Center for Research of Cassava and Fruticulture (CNPMF/Embrapa), sources of interest genes to improvement programmes, still are not characterized for their salinity tolerance. This research aimed to identify the salinity tolerance among nine banana diploid genotypes and characterize them genetically through ISSR and RAPD markers, to obtain cultivars adapted to saline soils. In physiological assessing, the growth variables analyzed were leaf area, plant height, diameterof pseudostem, leaves number, weight of fresh and dry matter. Twenty RAPD primers and twenty ISSR primers were used in molecular evaluation. The consensus dendrogram of similarity genetic analyses grouped the genotypes Monyet with Borneo, Buitenzorg with Tjau Lagada and 0323-03 with 0116-01, in ISSR and RAPD dendrogramas. The 0116-01 genotype showed greater salinity tolerance and could be used in future improvement programs. The 0337-02 genotype, presenting minor reduction in leaf area, number of leaves and fresh/dry biomass of limbo variables, was considered the most tolerant to salinity stress, while the Borneo genotype was the most sensitive on salt presence. / A salinidade é um fator comum de estresse abiótico que afeta a produção agrícola mundial. Atualmente, cerca de 800 milhões de hectares no mundo são afetados pela salinidade. Uma das estratégias para promover a reincorporarão de áreas salinizadas e o aumento da produtividade consiste no desenvolvimento e na seleção de genótipos tolerantes, o que permitirá a identificação de parentais a serem utilizados em cruzamentos. Os diplóides (AA) de bananeiras do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura – CNPMF/Embrapa, que são fontes de genes de interesse para os programas de melhoramento, não estão caracterizados, ainda, quanto à sua tolerância à salinidade. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar dentre nove genótipos diplóides de bananeiras,aqueles tolerantes a salinidade e caracterizá-los geneticamente, através de marcadores ISSR e RAPD, visando à obtenção de cultivares adaptados a solos salinos da região nordeste brasileira. Na avaliação fisiológica, as variáveis de crescimento analisadas foram área foliar, altura da planta, diâmetro do pseudocaule, número de folhas, peso da matéria fresca e o peso da matéria seca. Na avaliação molecular foram testados 20 primers RAPD e 20 primers ISSR. O dendograma consenso das análises de similaridades genéticas obtidas a partir dos marcadores ISSR e RAPD agruparam em mesmo subgrupos os genótipos Monyet e Borneo, Buitenzorg e Tjau Lagada e também 0323-03 e 0116-01, os quais se repetiram nos dendogramas de ISSR e RAPD. O genótipo 0116-01 apresentou maior tolerância à salinidade e poderá serutilizado em futuros programas de melhoramento. Considerando o conjunto das variáveis analisadas, o genótipo 0116-01 foi considerado o mais tolerantes dosnove genótipos diplóides AA avaliados no primeiro trabalho. No segundo trabalho, o genótipo 0337-02 por apresentar menor redução nas variáveis área foliar, número de folhas e fitomassa fresca e seca do limbo, foi considerado tolerante ao estresse salino, enquanto o genótipo Borneo foi o mais sensível na presença do sal.
342

Supressividade a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense por produtos orgânicos /

Heck, Daniel Winter, 1990. January 2015 (has links)
Orientador: Wagner Bettiol / Coorientador: Carlos Gilberto Raetano / Banca: Antonio Carlos Maringoni / Banca: Miguel Angel Dita Rodriguez / Resumo: A indução de supressividade a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) em bananeira por meio de produtos orgânicos foi avaliada pela incorporação ao solo, artificialmente infestado com o patógeno, de biocarvão de serragem de Eucalyptus (BC), casca de camarão (CC), composto de lodo de esgoto (LE), concha de marisco (CM), bio-óleo de casca de arroz (BA) e de serragem de Eucalyptus (BE), emulsão (EP) e hidrolisado de peixe (HP). Características químicas do solo; área abaixo da curva de progresso do índice da doença (AACPID); severidade final; descoloração interna do rizoma; respiração microbiana por meio da liberação de CO2; comunidade de F. oxysporum, fungos e bactérias totais; a inibição do crescimento micelial e da germinação de microconídios pelos extratos aquosos e pela liberação de compostos voláteis tóxicos foram os parâmetros avaliados. A CC e o LE reduziram a severidade externa (50 e 37%, respectivamente) e a descoloração interna do rizoma (56 e 36%, respectivamente). As CC e CM reduziram o desenvolvimento das plantas nas fases iniciais de cultivo, mostrando sintomas de fitotoxicidade. A elevação do pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), K, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Zn, CO2 e comunidade de bactérias foram as características que apresentaram maior influência na redução da severidade, enquanto que o aumento no pH, CE, CO2, P, Ca, S, Na e B também contribuíram para reduzir a população de F. oxysporum no solo. O BA, o BE e o HP reduziram em 94, 84 e 40% a AACPID, respectivamente. Os teores de Zn, a inibição do crescimento micelial e inibição da germinação dos microconídios pela ação de compostos voláteis e de extratos aquosos foram os mecanismos que mais explicaram o controle ... / Abstract: The induction of suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt in banana by the incorporation of Eucalyptus sawdust biochar (BC), shrimp shells (CC), composted sewage sludge (LE), clamshell (CM), bio-oil of rice husk (BA) and bio-oil of Eucalyptus sawdust (BE), fish emulsion (EP) and fish hydrolyzate (HP) to soil was evaluated. Soil chemical characteristics; the area under the curve of progress of the disease index (AUPCDI), final severity and internal discoloration of the rhizome; microbial respiration through the release of CO2; the populations of F. oxysporum, fungi and total bacteria; and inhibition of mycelial growth and microconidia germination through the compounds volatile toxic and aqueous extracts were the parameters evaluated. The CC and LE reduced final severity (50 and 37%, respectively) and the internal discoloration of the rhizome (56 and 36%, respectively). The incorporation of CC and CM reduced plant development in the early stages of cultivation, showing symptoms of phytotoxicity. The increase in pH, electric ... / Mestre
343

Estudo comparativo dos efeitos de biofertilizantes no crescimento e produção da bananeira nanica em dois ciclos sucessivos / Study comparative of the biofertilizers effects in the growth and production of the Tiny banana plant in two successive cycles

Negreiros, Klerisson Vidal de 01 March 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-02T12:51:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Klerisson Vidal de Negreiros.pdf: 1964314 bytes, checksum: 86c6dd2f010728409e8f1fa828641aa4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-06-13T20:28:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - Klerisson Vidal de Negreiros.pdf: 1964314 bytes, checksum: 86c6dd2f010728409e8f1fa828641aa4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T20:29:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - Klerisson Vidal de Negreiros.pdf: 1964314 bytes, checksum: 86c6dd2f010728409e8f1fa828641aa4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / The banana plant is a vegetable species that exports of the soil great amounts of nutrients to sustain yours I invigorate growth and production of your fruits, answering well the organic manuring. The biofertilizer application is a valuable alternative for the fertilization of the soils, being supplying of nutrients and microorganisms, besides improving the chemical characteristics, physics and biological of the soil. It was aimed at to evaluate the effects of 5 types (B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 and B ) and 10 doses (varying from 0 to 2,7 L/plant/time) of biofertilizer in the growth and production of Tiny banana plant, in two successive cycles. The experiment was led in field conditions, in the period of March of 2010 to October of 2012, in the Escola Agrotécnica of the Cajueiro, Campus IV, State University of Paraíba, in the municipal district of Catolé of the Rocha-PB. The adopted experimental delineamento was it of blocks casualizados with 50 treatments, in the factorial outline 5 x 10, with four repetitions, totaling 200 experimental portions (1 plant/potryion). The effects of the types and biofertilizers doses, and of the interaction of these factors they were appraised on the variables of growth plant height, diameter of the pseudocaule, area to foliate unitary and area to foliate of the plant, and on the variables of production number of fruits for bunch, number of bunches for bunch, number of fruits for bunch, weight of bunches for bunch, medium weight of bunch, medium weight of the fruit and weight of the medium fruit of the Tiny banana plant in the first two cycles. The results show that: the effects of biofertilizer types were only significant in the plant height and in the area to foliate of the Tiny banana plant (2nd cycle); the biofertilizer with larger number of ingredients (B 5 5 ) it provided the largest plant height and the largest area to foliate of the Tiny banana plant (2nd cycle); the vegetative growth (height, diameter of the pseudocaule, area to foliate unitary and area to foliate of the plant) of the plant daughter (2nd cycle), in function of biofertilizer types, it overcame him/it of the plant mother (1st cycle) in up to 9,0%; the plant height was the only variable of growth of the Tiny banana plant that didn't suffer significant effects of biofertilizer doses in the two studied cycles; the great doses of biofertilizer that provided the largest values of the growth variables rotated around 1,57 L/plant/time for the plants of the first cycle and of 1,51 L/plant/time for the plants of the second; in the great doses of biofertilizer, the vegetative growth (diameter of the pseudocaule, area to foliate unitary and area to foliate of the plant) of the plant daughter it overcame him/it of the plant mother in up to 9,5%; the biofertilizer doses above the great limits reduced the growth of the Tiny banana plant, in the two studied cycles; the largest number of fruits for bunch was obtained when the dose of 1,8 L/plant/time of the biofertilizer was used B in the Tiny banana plant (2nd cycle); the largest values of number of bunches for bunch and weight of bunches for bunch were obtained with the use of the dose of 2,7 L/plant/time in the Tiny banana plant (2nd cycle); the largest number of fruits for bunch was obtained with the use of the dose of 1,5 L/plant/time of the biofertilizer B 5 in the Tiny banana plant (1st cycle); the largest values of medium weight of bunch and of medium weight of the fruit they were obtained when the dose of 2,7 L/plant/time of the biofertilizer was used B in the Tiny banana plant (1st cycle); the largest weight of the medium fruit was obtained with the use of the dose of 1,5 L/plant/time of the biofertilizer B 5 in the Tiny banana plant (1st cycle). / A bananeira é uma espécie vegetal que exporta do solo grandes quantidades de nutrientes para sustentar seu vigoro crescimento e produção de seus frutos, respondendo bem a adubação orgânica. A aplicação de biofertilizante é uma alternativa valiosa para a fertilização dos solos, sendo fornecedor de nutrientes e microrganismos, além de melhorar as características químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de 5 tipos (B x 1 , B 2 , B ) e 10 doses (variando de 0 a 2,7 L/planta/vez) de biofertilizante no crescimento e produção de bananeira Nanica, em dois ciclos sucessivos. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no período de março de 2010 a outubro de 2012, na Escola Agrotécnica do Cajueiro, Campus IV, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, no município de Catolé do Rocha-PB. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com 50 tratamentos, no esquema fatorial 5 x 10, com quatro repetições, totalizando 200 parcelas experimentais (1 planta/parcela). Os efeitos dos tipos e doses de biofertilizantes, e da interação destes fatores foram avaliados sobre as variáveis de crescimento altura de planta, diâmetro do pseudocaule, área foliar unitária e área foliar da planta, e sobre as variáveis de produção número de frutos por cacho, número de pencas por cacho, número de frutos por penca, peso de pencas por cacho, peso médio de penca, peso médio do fruto e peso do fruto médio da bananeira Nanica nos dois primeiros ciclos. Os resultados mostram que: os efeitos de tipos de biofertilizante só foram significativos na altura de planta e na área foliar da bananeira Nanica (2º ciclo); o biofertilizante com maior número de ingredientes (B ) proporcionou a maior altura de planta e a maior área foliar da bananeira Nanica (2º ciclo); o crescimento vegetativo (altura, diâmetro do pseudocaule, área foliar unitária e área foliar da planta) da planta filha (2º ciclo), em função de tipos de biofertilizante, superou o da planta mãe (1º ciclo) em até 9,0%; a altura de planta foi a única variável de crescimento da bananeira Nanica que não sofreu efeitos significativos de doses de biofertilizante nos dois ciclos estudados; as doses ótimas de biofertilizante que proporcionaram os maiores valores das variáveis de crescimento giraram em torno de 1,57 L/planta/vez para as plantas do primeiro ciclo e de 1,51 L/planta/vez para as plantas do segundo; nas doses ótimas de biofertilizante, o crescimento vegetativo (diâmetro do pseudocaule, área foliar unitária e área foliar da planta) da planta filha superou o da planta mãe em até 9,5%; as doses de biofertilizante acima dos limites ótimos reduziram o crescimento da bananeira Nanica, nos dois ciclos estudados; o maior número de frutos por cacho foi obtido quando foi utilizada a dose de 1,8 L/planta/vez do biofertilizante B na bananeira Nanica (2º ciclo); os maiores valores de número de pencas por cacho e peso de pencas por cacho foram obtidos com a utilização da dose de 2,7 L/planta/vez na bananeira Nanica (2º ciclo); o maior número de frutos por penca foi obtido com a utilização da dose de 1,5 L/planta/vez do biofertilizante B 5 na bananeira Nanica (1º ciclo); os maiores valores de peso médio de penca e de peso médio do fruto foram obtidos quando foi utilizada a dose de 2,7 L/planta/vez do biofertilizante B xi 5 5 na bananeira Nanica (1º ciclo); o maior peso do fruto médio foi obtido com a utilização da dose de 1,5 L/planta/vez do biofertilizante B na bananeira Nanica (1º ciclo).
344

Analysis of the production of organic banana municÃpio of Itapajà - CearÃ,Brazil / AnÃlise da produÃÃo de banana orgÃnica no municÃpio de Itapajà - CearÃ,Brasil

Josà Alessandro Campos de Andrade 29 August 2005 (has links)
nÃo hà / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal descrever o processo de bananicultura orgÃnica praticada em Itapajà - CearÃ, analisando os aspectos sociais, ambientais e econÃmicos dos produtores desta cultura. AlÃm disso, sÃo objetivos especÃficos: analisar a produÃÃo de banana orgÃnica com o advento da criaÃÃo da AssociaÃÃo dos Fruticultores do MunicÃpio de Itapajà â AFMI, efetuar as anÃlises tÃcnica, social e ambiental e sob a Ãptica de aceitaÃÃo do consumidor de banana orgÃnica produzida em ItapajÃ, analisar a viabilidade econÃmica da atividade para os produtores associados à AFMI e discutir alguns aspectos relacionados Ãs vantagens e desvantagens da produÃÃo e mercado da banana orgÃnica. A Ãrea de estudo està localizada em ItapajÃ, um dos maiores produtores de banana do Estado do CearÃ, caracterizado por uma intensa modificaÃÃo no espaÃo fÃsico em Ãreas serranas. Fez-se uso de dados tanto primÃrios quanto secundÃrios. O presente estudo classifica-se como sendo de carÃter analÃtico-descritivo. Efetua-se tambÃm uma anÃlise da viabilidade econÃmica para os produtores ligados à referida AssociaÃÃo. A anÃlise dos dados levantados foi efetuada utilizando-se tabelas, quadros e figuras, por meio dos instrumentos da estatÃstica descritiva. A agricultura orgÃnica nesse MunicÃpio à uma experiÃncia inovadora, em que 16 produtores de banana orgÃnica, ligados à AFMI, vÃm desenvolvendo esta atividade em meio a muitos problemas, tais como os de baixa infra-estrutura, principalmente, no que diz respeito à precariedade das estradas, que prejudicam o escoamento da produÃÃo. Concluiu-se que alguns fatores sÃo determinantes para a baixa produtividade dos bananeirais, podendo-se citar os tratos culturais deficitÃrios, a ausÃncia de irrigaÃÃo, a incipiente reposiÃÃo de nutrientes, a alta declividade do relevo, solos pedregosos, alÃm do fato do bananeiral jà ser velho. Registrou-se que a adubaÃÃo orgÃnica (compostagem) à utilizada nas propriedades e que os bananicultores demonstraram ter uma profunda preocupaÃÃo com a questÃo ambiental, buscando a preservaÃÃo da biodiversidade local, mantendo em suas propriedades uma Ãrea de, pelo menos, 20% de mata, ou seja, a chamada reserva legal. Por fim, quanto à viabilidade, concluiu-se que a atividade da produÃÃo de banana orgÃnica em Itapajà à rentÃvel economicamente. / The present research has as main objective to describe the process of organic bananicultura practiced in Itapajà - CearÃ, analyzing the aspects social, environmental and economical of this cultureâs production. Furthermore, the objective specific are: to analyze organic banana's production after the creation of the AssociaÃÃo dos Fruticultores do MunicÃpio de Itapajà â AFMI, to make the analyses technique, social and environmental and under the optical of organic banana's consumer's acceptance produced in ItapajÃ, to analyze the economical viability of the activity for the associated producers AFMI, to discuss some aspects related to the advantages and disadvantages of the production and the organic bananaâs market. The study area is located in ItapajÃ, one of the largest producing of banana of the State of Cearà in Brazil. Itapajà is a city characterized by an intense modification in the physical space in mountainous areas. Primary and secondary datas were used to understand banana's organic production. The present study is classified as analytical-descriptive. Also, an analysis of the economical viability is elaborated for the Association's producers. The analysis of the data was studied through the descriptive statistics instruments and used tables, pictures and illustrations. The organic agriculture in Itapajà is an innovative experience. There are 16 sixteen organic bananaÂs producers that are linked to AFMI. These producers are developing that activity with many problems, for intance, low infrastructure and precariousness of the roads that harm the productionâs drainage. In conclusion, some factors are decisive for the low productivity: the cultural treatments, no irrigation, incipient nutrientsâreplacement, irregular relief, a stony soil and an old plant banana. It was registered the organic manuring (composting of organic matter). Also, it was registered that the organic banana's producers are concerned with the environmental, they preserve the local biodiversity and they preserve an area of, at least, 20% of forest, the call legal reservation, in organic banana's properties. Finally, this activity of organic banana's production in Itapajà is profitable economically.
345

Estudo do processo de modificação química do amido na farinha de banana verde da variedade nanicão (Musa sp. AAA)

NOGUEIRA, Francylla Milhomens 27 June 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-08-02T18:02:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_EstudoProcessoModificacao.pdf: 2670159 bytes, checksum: be793a3b58e519b928830860035010ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-08-03T16:52:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_EstudoProcessoModificacao.pdf: 2670159 bytes, checksum: be793a3b58e519b928830860035010ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T16:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_EstudoProcessoModificacao.pdf: 2670159 bytes, checksum: be793a3b58e519b928830860035010ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O amido nativo apresenta propriedades físico-químicas limitadas, restringindo sua aplicação em diversos produtos elaborados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da modificação química do amido na farinha de banana verde (FBV) com emprego de diferentes concentrações de tripolifosfato de sódio (TPS) e temperatura de modificação, segundo um planejamento composto central. As variáveis de resposta estudadas foram: Cor Instrumental (parâmetros L*, a*, b*, C* e °H), Índice de Absorção de Água (IAA), Índice de Solubilidade em Água (ISA), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), Teor de Fósforo e Grau de Substituição (GS). Observou-se que a fosfatação afetou a cor das amostras, resultando em farinhas mais escuras. Houve melhoria da absorção (R² = 0,9403) de água, embora a solubilidade tenha diminuído significativamente. Na análise de DSC (R² = 0,7709), houve percepção da diminuição da temperatura de pico (TP), pois se observou que as amostras que apresentaram menores valores de TP foram justamente as que utilizaram maiores concentrações de TPS à mesma temperatura de modificação, como exemplo, a FBVM 2 que apresentou um TP de 59,4 °C, enquanto que a FBVM 1, apresentou um TP de 67,6 °C, ambas modificadas à 145 °C, bem como a amostra FBVM 4, que apresentou um TP de 39,8 °C, em detrimento à FBVM 3, que apresentou um TP de 56,9 °C, ambas modificadas à 165 °C. A microscopia mostrou que a fosfatação afetou a estrutura dos grânulos de amido, pois houve formação de aglomerados e pastas, onde foi possível observar a superfície irregular dos grânulos aparentando descamação e alguns, com o formato quebrado. O método empregado nas concentrações e temperaturas estudadas gerou amostras com alto teor de fósforo residual, sendo este um fator limitante do ponto de vista da legislação vigente.
346

Investigating the Gamma-ray Strength Function in 74Ge using the Ratio Method

Sowazi, Khanyisa January 2018 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / An increasing number of measurements reveal the presence of a low-energy enhancement in the gamma-ray strength function (GSF). The GSF, which is the ability of nuclei to absorb or emit rays, provides insight into the statistical properties of atomic nuclei. For this project the GSF was studied for 74Ge which was populated in the reaction 74Ge(p,p')74Ge* at a beam energy of 18 MeV. The data were collected with the STARS-LIBERACE array at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Silicon detector telescopes were used for particle identi cation and rays in coincidence were detected with 5 clover-type high-purity germanium detectors. Through the analysis particle- - coincidence events were constructed. These events, together with well-known energy levels, were used to identify primary rays from the quasicontinuum. Primary rays from a broad excitation energy region, which decay to six 2+ states could be identi ed. These states and the associated primary rays are used to measure the GSF for 74Ge with the Ratio Method [1], which entails taking ratios of e ciency-corrected primary -ray intensities from the quasicontinuum. Results from the analysis of the data and focus on the existence of the low-energy enhancement in 74Ge will be discussed. The results are further discussed in the context of other work done on 74Ge using the ( , ') [2], (3He,3He') [3] and ( , ') [4] reactions.
347

The Effects of Using Banana Flour as a Gluten Substitute in Cookies

Goble, Brandy, Lawson, Karen, Johnson, Michelle E., Yates, Emily, Clark, W. Andrew 01 April 2017 (has links)
Abstract available in The FASEB Journal.
348

Hemicellulose Extraction From Agro-food Industrial Wastes And Its Apllication In Foods

Yilmaz, Hilal 01 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Hemicellulose is a valuable component of agro-food industrial wastes. Although there are some potential usage areas of hemicelluloses such as drug manufacture, encapsulation, and emulsification in food processing plants, they are not extensively utilized. In this study, effective extraction methods of the hemicelluloses from agro-food industrial wastes (corn peels and sugar beet pulp) and their application as coating material for banana fruits were investigated. Firstly, the effects of raw material type, particle size, and extraction conditions (alkaline concentration, temperature, time) and methods (direct alkaline extraction, alkaline extraction after component removal, and acidic extraction method) on hemicellulose yields were investigated. Sugar beet pulp and corn wastes were used as raw material. Alkali extraction resulted in 40.2% pure extracts while acidic hydrolysis gave only 27.4% purity in the same extraction conditions. The optimal extraction conditions were found as 30&deg / C temperature, 10% NaOH, and 24 h time (64.3%). It was also observed that removal of constituents such as fat, protein, starch, and soluble sugar increased the purity of hemicellulose from 40.2 to 58.2% at the same conditions. After finding optimum hemicellulose yield for practicle use, it was used as edible coating material to prevent darkening of banana fruits and any quality losses. On the fourth day of storage at 4 &ordm / C, there was no detected fungal decay of coated bananas / however, 20% of uncoated bananas (control) were infected. Moreover, the control group lost 5.1% of total weight but coated samples with 1%, 1.5%, and 2% hemicellulose (HC) lost 3.6%, 3.3%, and 3.1% of their total weight, respectively. Hemicellulose coating also protected firmness of bananas (701.1 gf for coated and 509.6 gf for uncoated samples at the end of 4th day). Color was another important quality parameter and it was showed that lightness and yellowness of coated bananas were preserved with very little losses at the end of storage period while control samples turned brown at an unacceptable level. The results indicated that using both low alkaline concentration and low temperature allows to recover higher quality extracts. In addition, hemicellulose showed a characteristic of a good edible coating material for banana in order to preserve their visual acceptance and other quality parameters.
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The study of soil bacterial communities between organic The study of soil bacterial communities between organic and conventional farming in a banana field conventional farming in a banana field

Liu, Liang-yin 01 January 2013 (has links)
Abstract Based on maintaining healthy soil for sustainable agriculture and enhancing banana disease resistance, Taiwan Banana Research Institute began to conduct organic cultivation on a trial basis in 1998. It had been proved that the morbidity of banana Fusarial wilt disease at organic cultivation plots was significantly lower than that of conventional farming. In order to study the differences of soil microbiota between the organic cultivation plots and the conventional farming areas, physical and chemical properties of the rhizosphere and non- rhizosphere soil samples were assayed during the period of Aug. 2010 to May 2011. The bacterial diversity was analyzed by molecular biology methods, including PCR-DGGE to separate the 16S rDNA V6 ~ V8 region of various bacteria and the recombinant DNA technology by using pGEM-T Easy Vector System to separate and sequence the DNA fragments. The results showed that organic plots was loam soil, but the conventional farming soil was sandy loam with higher sand content. The soil pH in 13 years organic area was mildly alkaline, but in conventional farming area was mildly acidic to slightly acidic. The content of various nutrients in organic 13-year area soil was not necessarily higher than the conventional farming area soil. The available nutrient contents in organic areas trend to be more stable than that in the conventional areas. Fertilization may affect the content of available nutrients in the soil. No bacterial DNA could be extracted from the organic fertilizer. The bacterial microbiota in soil was very stable, and was not related to the sampling seasons. The Banana strains had little effect on soil bacterial microbiota. There was no difference on the bacterial microbiota between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples. It is not sure whether there were any differences on the bacterial microbiota between the nearby soil of banana Fusarial wilt plants and the nearby soil of the healthy plants. By analyzing the DNA fragment clone library, 43 strains correspond to known category, of which 28 belonged to the Proteobacteria, and 34 were uncultured strains. The role of these microbial strains might involve in various element cycles, such as N cycles, C cycles, and S cycles (including some photosynthetic bacteria). The systematic cladogram showed that organic 13-year areas, organic 3-year areas and conventional farming areas represented three major categaries. The organic 13-year area and conventional area possessed the highest difference on the microbiota composition.
350

Instability of earnings from coffee, cocoa and banana exports from selected Latin-American countries

Guerra E., Guillermo A., 1931- January 1965 (has links)
No description available.

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