Machine learning can be utilized in many different ways in the field of automatic manufacturing and logistics. In this thesis supervised machine learning have been utilized to train a classifiers for detection and recognition of objects in images. The techniques AdaBoost and Random forest have been examined, both are based on decision trees. The thesis has considered two applications: barcode detection and optical character recognition (OCR). Supervised machine learning methods are highly appropriate in both applications since both barcodes and printed characters generally are rather distinguishable. The first part of this thesis examines the use of machine learning for barcode detection in images, both traditional 1D-barcodes and the more recent Maxi-codes, which is a type of two-dimensional barcode. In this part the focus has been to train classifiers with the technique AdaBoost. The Maxi-code detection is mainly done with Local binary pattern features. For detection of 1D-codes, features are calculated from the structure tensor. The classifiers have been evaluated with around 200 real test images, containing barcodes, and shows promising results. The second part of the thesis involves optical character recognition. The focus in this part has been to train a Random forest classifier by using the technique point pair features. The performance has also been compared with the more proven and widely used Haar-features. Although, the result shows that Haar-features are superior in terms of accuracy. Nevertheless the conclusion is that point pairs can be utilized as features for Random forest in OCR.

Šiame darbe,nagrinėjamos "gudrių namų" technologijos tendencijos bei informacinių technologijų integravimo į buitinį šaldytuvą galimybės. Remiantis atliktos produktų aprašomosios informacijos bei galimų produktų atpažinimo ir identifikavimo metodų analizes duomenimis sudarytas produktų atpažinimo ir identifikavimo sistemos modelis. Sistemos modelio racionalumas išbandytas eksperimentiškai. / In this work, there are analyzed tendencies of the "Smart house" technology and possibilities to integrate new technologies into a kichen's appliences. Acording to results of the analizes of product information and possible methods of the product recognition and identification there was compossed product recognition and identification system model.

Submitted by SAMARA AZEVEDO DE OLIVEIRA null (samaranematologia@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T15:36:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira, S.A. Dissertação._pdf: 2425906 bytes, checksum: e8dd0c0a0c5a8d3577dc7b76b4e8f071 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-28T17:15:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_sa_me_bot.pdf: 2425906 bytes, checksum: e8dd0c0a0c5a8d3577dc7b76b4e8f071 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T17:16:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_sa_me_bot.pdf: 2425906 bytes, checksum: e8dd0c0a0c5a8d3577dc7b76b4e8f071 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O cultivo de gramas no Brasil está em expansão. O maior mercado consumidor de gramados é a indústria do esporte, principalmente campos de futebol e golfe. A qualidade do gramado nessas áreas esportivas é fundamental, principalmente quando se trata de campos de golfe, nos quais, qualquer imperfeição pode prejudicar o resultado do jogo. Os nematoides parasitos de plantas do gênero Meloidogyne, também conhecidos como nematoides formadores de galhas, são considerados os de maior importância econômica devido à intensidade dos danos que causam às plantas cultivadas. As principais espécies associadas às gramas em campos de golfe são M. graminicola, M. graminis, M. marylandi, M. naasi, M. minor e M. sasseri. No Brasil, a ocorrência de espécies de Meloidogyne associadas a gramas restringe-se aos relatos de Meloidogyne sp. em raízes de grama esmeralda (Zoysia japonica) no Estado do Paraná e M. graminicola em raízes de arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. No ano de 2006, a espécie M. graminis foi detectada pela primeira vez na América do Sul, parasitando raízes de grama Tifdwarf bermuda em campo de golfe na Venezuela. Até o momento esta espécie ainda não foi relatada no Brasil. Assim, o objetivo foi identificar o nematoide das galhas encontrado parasitando raízes de gramas de campos de golfe no Estado de São Paulo. Visando a correta diagnose dessa espécie, foram realizados estudos detalhados englobando o conceito de taxonomia integrativa, que incluiu estudos de morfologia, morfometria, biologia, estudos bioquímicos, moleculares e filogenéticos. Todas as análises realizadas confirmaram que a espécie presente nos campos de golfe das cidades de Araras e São Paulo - SP trata-se de M. graminis, que caracteriza o primeiro relato desta espécie no Brasil. / Currently, the grasses growing in Brazil is expanding. The biggest consumer market for lawns is the industry of sports, especially football and golf courses. The quality of the lawn in these sports areas is crucial, especially when it comes to golf courses, where any imperfection can prejudice the outcome of the game. The nematode parasites of plants of the genus Meloidogyne, also known the root-knot nematodes, are considered the most economically important because of the intensity of the damage they cause to crops. The main species associated with grasses on golf courses are M. graminicola, M. graminis, M. marylandi, M. naasi, M. minor and M.sasseri. In Brazil Meloidogyne sp. has been reported in esmerald grass roots (Zoysia japonica) in the State of Paraná. The species M. graminicola was detected in rice roots in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. In 2006 the species M. graminis, was first detected in South America parasitizing grass roots Tifdwarf shorts on golf course in Venezuela. So far this species has not been reported in Brazil. The objective of this project is to identify the root-knot nematodes found parasitizing roots of grasses of golf courses in the state of Sao Paulo. For this were carried out detailed studies of integrative taxonomy, including morphological and morphometric studies, biology, biochemical, molecular and phylogenetic. All analyzes have confirmed that the species in golf courses in São Paulo state is M. graminis, that characterized the first report of the species in Brazil.

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-27T14:16:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJBT.pdf: 4183464 bytes, checksum: 396f197737f67452e4dcbb04ae000c10 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T14:11:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJBT.pdf: 4183464 bytes, checksum: 396f197737f67452e4dcbb04ae000c10 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T14:11:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJBT.pdf: 4183464 bytes, checksum: 396f197737f67452e4dcbb04ae000c10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T14:12:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJBT.pdf: 4183464 bytes, checksum: 396f197737f67452e4dcbb04ae000c10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Parodontidae comprises the genera Parodon, Apareiodon e Saccodon, including 32 valid species. Of these, 16 occur in Brazil, and only ten defined at species level and one at genus level possess available chromosomal data. Due to the lack of cytogenetic data of Parodontidae species from the Tocantins-Araguaia and Jaguaribe river basins, this study analyzed by cytogenetic (classical and molecular) and molecular (DNA Barcode) methods six populations from the Tocantins-Araguaia river basin (Apareiodon cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2, Apareiodon machrisi, Apareiodon argenteus and Parodon cf. pongoensis) and one species from the Jaguaribe river basin (Apareiodon davisi), in order to contribute to the knowledge of the genetic diversity of the family and assist in the understanding of chromosome evolution of this fish group. For all of the Apareiodon analyzed species was identified conservation in diploid number, distribution pattern of heterochromatic blocks and dispersion pattern of repetitive fraction WAp. However, karyotype formula, active nucleolar organizer regions, location of ribosomal genes 45S and 5S and distribution of satellite DNA pPh2004 sites shown to be variable among the species. The (GATA)n and telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences exhibited similar pattern in A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2 and A. machrisi. In this work, we described the first reports of ribosomal genes co-location for Parodontidae, being observed in A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2, A. machrisi and A. davisi, and also the polymorphism involving the two ribosomal sequences of A. davisi. Analysis of histones H1 and H4 localization represent the first study of histone genes in the family and showed that the seven collected species have co-location of these sequences in a chromosome pair, occuring one additional site of H1 in A. davisi, and dispersed sites of this sequence by the chromosomes of the species. Chromosomal analysis and DNA Barcode performed in A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2 and A. machrisi showed recent divergence among these individual groups, suggesting that Apareiodon sp. 2 is a possible new species, and Apareiodon sp. 1 is a population of A. machrisi. This work contributed to the knowledge of the genetic diversity of viii Parodontidae, presenting unpublished chromosomal and molecular data of this family. General analysis of chromosomal data of this family revealed conservation of karyotype macrostructure, however, more detailed analyzes indicated the occurrence of a great variety of chromosomal microstructural level. The results presented in this study, along with that available in literature, indicated that this microstructure chromosome diversity is clearly linked to repetitive DNAs dynamics. / Parodontidae é composta pelos gêneros Parodon, Apareiodon e Saccodon, incluindo 32 espécies consideradas válidas. Destas, 16 ocorrem em território brasileiro e apenas 11 possuem dados cromossômicos disponíveis. Considerando a escassez de dados citogenéticos para espécies de Parodontidae das bacias dos rios Tocantins-Araguaia e Jaguaribe, o presente trabalho analisou através de metodologias citogenéticas (clássicas e moleculares) e moleculares (DNA Barcode) seis populações da bacia dos rios Tocantins-Araguaia (Apareiodon cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2, Apareiodon machrisi, Apareiodon argenteus e Parodon cf. pongoensis) e uma espécie da bacia do rio Jaguaribe (Apareiodon davisi), com o intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade genética da família e auxiliar na compreensão da taxonomia e evolução cromossômica desse grupo de peixes. Para todas as espécies de Apareiodon analisadas, foi identificada conservação no número diploide, padrão de distribuição de heterocromatina e padrão de dispersão da fração repetitiva WAp. Entretanto, a fórmula cariotípica, as regiões organizadoras de nucléolo ativas, a localização dos genes ribossomais 45S e 5S e a distribuição dos sítios do DNA satélite pPh2004 mostraram-se variáveis entre as espécies. As sequências (GATA)n e telomérica (TTAGGG)n exibiram padrão similar para A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2, A. machrisi. No presente trabalho foram descritos os primeiros relatos de co-localização de genes ribossomais para Parodontidae, sendo observados em A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2, A. machrisi e A. davisi, e também do polimorfismo envolvendo as duas sequências ribossomais verificado em A. davisi. As análises da localização das sequências das histonas H1 e H4 representam os primeiros dados de genes histônicos para a família e evidenciaram para as sete espécies coletadas a ocorrência de co-localização destas sequências em um par cromossômico, ocorrendo um sítio adicional de H1 em A. davisi, e sítios dispersos dessa sequência pelos cromossomos das espécies. Análises cromossômicas e de DNA Barcode realizadas para A. cavalcante, Apareiodon sp.1, Apareiodon sp. 2, A. machrisi evidenciaram divergência recente entre esses grupos de indivíduos, vi sugerindo que Apareiodon sp. 2 represente uma possível espécie que carece de descrição taxonômica e Apareiodon sp. 1 seja uma população de A. machrisi. O presente trabalho contribuiu para o conhecimento da diversidade genética de Parodontidae, apresentando dados cromossômicos e moleculares inéditos desta família. Análises gerais dos dados cromossômicos conhecidos para a família revelam conservação da macroestrutura cariotípica, entretanto, análises mais detalhadas evidenciam a ocorrência de uma grande diversidade cromossômica em nível microestrutural. Os resultados apresentados no presente trabalho, juntamente aos disponíveis em literatura, indicam que esta diversidade da microestrutura cromossômica encontra-se claramente associada à dinâmica dos DNAs repetitivos. / 2012/15258-0

The concept of 2D barcodes is of great relevance for use in wireless data transmission between handheld electronic devices. In a typical setup, any file on a cell phone for example can be transferred to a second cell phone through a series of images on the LCD which are then captured and decoded through the camera of the second cell phone. In this research, a new approach for data modulation in 2D barcodes is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in comparison to other standard methods of barcode modulation. In the proposed method, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements to modulate intensity of individual pixels. It is shown that the bit error rate performance of the proposed system is superior to the current state of the art in various scenarios. A specific aim of this study is to establish a system that is proven tolerant to camera motion, picture blur and light leakage within neighboring pixels of an LCD. Furthermore, intensity modulation requires the input signal used to modulate a light source to be positive, which requires the addition of a dc bias. In the meantime, the high crest factor of OFDM requires a lower modulation index to limit clipping distortion. These two factors result in poor power efficiency in radio over fiber applications in which signal bandwidth is generally much less than the carrier frequency. In this study, it is shown that clipping a bipolar radio frequency signal at zero level, when it has a carrier frequency sufficiently higher than its bandwidth, results in negligible distortion in the pass band and most of the distortion power is concentrated in the baseband. Consequently, with less power provided to the optical carrier, higher power efficiencies and better receiver sensitivity will result. Finally, a more efficient optical integrated system is introduced to implement the proposed intensity modulation method which is optimized for radio over fiber applications.

Master’s thesis presents the results of analysis of the information system (IS) of EKOL, Ltd and introduces proposed enhancements. Current status of individual application modules of IS was evaluated and documented. Based on the findings from the analysis several improvements were considered. Their realization should increase the efficiency of the current information system of this company.

Die Arbeit wendet sich der Distributionsphase des elektronischen Handels zu. Verkauf und Bezahlung sind in unsicheren Netzen möglich, aber die gekauften Waren oder Dienstleistungen können nur im Netz übermittelt werden, wenn sie vollständig digitalisierbar sind. Untersucht wird, ob und wie Fahr- und Eintrittskarten zur Übertragung in digitaler Form dargestellt werden können, ohne daß die leichte Kopierbarkeit solcher Daten Betrugsmöglichkeiten eröffnet. Es wird gezeigt, daß Eintrittskarten, die nur an einem Ort gültig sind, im Netz verkauft und vom Käufer selbst gedruckt werden können. Sie werden dazu mit einem 2D-Barcode versehen, der kryptographisch gesicherte Daten in maschinenlesbarer Form enthält. Durch eindeutige Numerierung kann sichergestellt werden, daß von mehreren Kopien einer solchen Eintrittskarte nur eine einzige benutzbar ist. Weiter wird ausgeführt, warum Fahrkarten nicht auf diese einfache und auch sonst auf keine praktisch brauchbare Weise in unsicheren Netzen verkauft werden können, jedenfalls dann nicht, wenn die Käufer anonym und die Kommunikationskosten gering bleiben sollen. Solche Tickets lassen sich nur mit Chipkarten realisieren; die Arbeit nennt Gründe, das lieber nicht zu tun. Neben der Anwendbarkeit kryptographischen Verfahren untersucht die Arbeit Fragen der praktischen Sicherheit sowie die Robustheit der gewählten Ticketdarstellung durch 2D-Matrixkodes unter Alltagsbedingungen. Für den Verkauf und die Kontrolle von Eintrittskarten wurde ein Prototyp implementiert. Als Nebenprodukt entstand Software zur Kodierung von Daten in Symbolen des Aztec-Kodes, die auch für andere Zwecke genutzt werden kann. / The thesis looks into the distribution phase of electronic commerce. Sales and payment are possible on the Internet, but goods and services cannot be transmitted or used through the network unless they can be completely digitized. The thesis investigates whether and how admission tickets for events or for travel can be digitized and transmitted on the Internet. The main problem in here is the copyability of digital data which, if not prevented, would open an opportunity to defraud the vendor. It is shown that an admission ticket can be represented as an electronic document which is simply printed on paper by the customer using his own equipment, provided that there is an online connection from each possible checkpoint to some central computer. For that purpose Tickets are made machine readable using 2-dimensional barcodes, distinguishable by unique numbering and tamper-proof by means of cryptography. Further on the thesis explains why travel tickets cannot be represented in that simple way with low communications effort and customers remaining anonymous. Such tickets that can be used only once but at one out of many potential places need tamper-resistant devices like smart cards, but there are reasons not to use them. Besides use of cryptographic methods the thesis investigates questions of practical security and robustness under everyday life conditions. Part of the thesis is a prototype implementation of the main ideas. As a byproduct, generator software for the Aztec 2-dimensional barcode symbology was developed, which can be used for other purposes as well.

No description available.

SAMMANFATTNING   Syfte: Avsikten med arbetet är att ”undersöka hur valet av identifieringsmetod vid Omlastning-scentralen påverkar nivån av spårbarhet av gods med hänsyn till behov, krav från kunder och leverantörer”.   För att arbetets syfte ska infrias har följande tre frågeställningar besvarats:   · Vilka faktorer har betydelse vid val av spårbarhetsteknik? · Vilken betydelse har identifiering för spårbarhet? · Vilken betydelse har spårbarhet för en organisation inom logistikbranschen?   Metod och genomförande: Med syftet i åtanke har en litteraturstudie inom ämnesområdet spårbarhet genomförts för att skapa den teoretiska grunden i arbetet. En fallstudie vid Omlast-ningscentralen har genomförts för att samla in den mängd nödvändig empiri som behövdes. Metoderna som användes vid fallstudien var observationer, intervjuer samt studier av befintliga dokument. Samtlig insamlad information från litteratur- och fallstudie genomgick sedan en analys, med mål att uppfylla syftet, vilket sammanställdes i ett resultat.   Resultat: Studien visar att organisationen är i stort behov av en identifieringsmetod vid in- och utleveranser för att kunna följa och spåra en leverans från Omlastningscentralen till kund. Detta grundar sig främst på att samtlig dokumentation i dagsläget är i pappersform, vilket inte är ett pålitligt eller hållbart system. Dessutom händer det att kollin försvinner, levereras till fel adress eller går sönder, vilket medför en stor administration och kostnader. Problemen visade sig kunna lösas med hjälp av en spårbarhetslösning och de två bäst lämpade var RFID och 2D-streckkodsteknik, vilka bägge är pålitliga, hållbara och gott och väl motsvarar organisationens krav och behov.   Implikationer: För att på bästa sätt kunna avgöra hur någon av de tre spårbarhetsmetoderna fungerar i fallorganisationen krävs en implementering som komplettering till jämförelserna av de olika spårbarhetsmetoderna. Inga konkreta bevis har därmed kunnat framläggas i rapporten utan arbetet fungerar istället som hjälpmedel och rekommendationer för att organisationen lät-tare ska kunna finna den lösning som passar bäst i enlighet med verksamhetens behov, krav och förutsättningar. Men innan en teknik är på plats och används rent konkret så kan man inte veta med säkerhet. Utifrån studiens resultat anser författaren dock att 2D-streckkoder är den metod för spårbarhet som är mest passlig för verksamheten och den som borde satsas på och investeras i. / ABSTRACT   Purpose: The purpose of the study is to ”investigate how the selection of identification method at Omlastningscentralen affects the level of traceability of goods regarding requirements, cus-tomer- and supplier demands”.   In order to achieve the purpose of the study the following three questions have been answered:   · Which factors are significant in the choice of a traceability technique? · How big is the importance of identification when it comes to traceability? · How big is the importance of traceability to an organization in the logistics industry?   Methodology: Considering the purpose, a traceability literature study has been conducted in order to create a proper theoretical foundation in the study. A case study at Omlastningscen-tralen has been conducted in order to collect the necessary amount of empirical data needed. The methods used at the case study were observations, interviews and studies of existing docu-ments. The collected data from the literature- and case study went through an analysis, with the goal of achieving the purpose of the study, and was later concluded in the results.   Findings: The study shows that the organization is in a big need of an identification method considering both their receive- and send operations in order to track and trace a delivery from Omlastningscentralen to a customer. This is mainly based on all the current documentation be-ing on paper, which neither is a reliable nor sustainable system. Sometimes packages go miss-ing, deliveries are sent to wrong locations or are broken when delivered. This creates a lot of administration and costs. The problem ended up being resolved by a traceability method and the two best candidates were RFID and 2D-barcode technique, which are both reliable, sustain-able and can meet both the demands and the needs of the organization.   Implications: In order to decide how any the three different traceability methods work in the case organization an implementation as a complement to the comparison is needed. No sub-stantial evidence is presented in the report and instead, the study is supposed to be used as aids and recommendations in order to assist the organization in finding the technique most suitable considering the requirements, demands and conditions of the organization. But before a chosen technique has been installed and is physically tested, you can´t know for sure how well it works. Considering the results of the study the 2D-barcode technique is, according to the au-thor, the most suitable traceability method for the organization and the one they should invest in.

This thesis describes two novel Bayesian methods: the Iterative Ensemble Square Filter (IEnSRF) and the Warp Ensemble Square Root Filter (WEnSRF) for solving the barcode detection problem, the deconvolution problem in well testing and the history matching problem of facies patterns. For the barcode detection problem, at the expanse of overestimating the posterior uncertainty, the IEnSRF efficiently achieves successful detections with very challenging real barcode images which the other considered methods and commercial software fail to detect. It also performs reliable detection on low-resolution images under poor ambient light conditions. For the deconvolution problem in well testing, the IEnSRF is capable of quantifying estimation uncertainty, incorporating the cumulative production data and estimating the initial pressure, which were thought to be unachievable in the existing well testing literature. The estimation results for the considered real benchmark data using the IEnSRF significantly outperform the existing methods in the commercial software. The WEnSRF is utilised for solving the history matching problem of facies patterns. Through the warping transformation, the WEnSRF performs adjustment on the reservoir features directly and is thus superior in estimating the large-scale complicated facies patterns. It is able to provide accurate estimates of the reservoir properties robustly and efficiently with reasonably reliable prior reservoir structural information.