Orientador: Gisele Fabrino Machado / Banca:Valéria Marcal Felix de Lima / Banca: Suely Regina Mogami Bomfim / Banca: Paulo Ricardo Dell'Armelinda Rocha / Banca: Monica Regina Vendrame Amarante / Resumo: A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença que causa manifestações clínicas variadas em cães, incluindo alterações neurológicas, entretanto, existem poucos relatos que caracterizam as lesões observadas e que contribuem para elucidar a patogenia da forma neurológica da LV. O plexo coroide (PC) forma uma importante interface entre o liquor e o sistema periférico vascular, e é uma estrutura com potencial para permitir a passagem de células inflamatórias no sistema nervoso central além de servir como fonte de mediadores inflamatórios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as lesões encefálicas incluindo o PC em cães com LV e avaliar a possível participação do PC como estrutura produtora de mediadores pró-inflamatórios como citocinas (IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α) e quimiocinas (CCL-3, CCL-4, CCL-5, CXCL-10), e disfunção da barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) através da presença de albumina, anticorpo anti- Leishmania no liquor e também pelo quociente de albumina o que poderia facilitar a passagem de células imunes e contribuir para as alterações inflamatórias encefálicas. Foi observado infiltrado inflamatório variando de leve a acentuado principalmente em PC e meninges. Aumento na expressão gênica de CCL-5 e tendência no aumento da CXCL-10 em PC de cães infectados. Presença de formas amastigotas e DNA de Leishmania no PC, além de anticorpos anti-Leishmania e albumina no liquor de cães com LV. Esses resultados indicam que há disfunção da BHE em cães com LV e que a CCL-5 poderia ser produzid... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease that causes several clinical manifestations in dogs, including neurological alterations, however, there are few reports that characterize the lesions observed and that contribute to elucidate the pathogenesis of the neurological form of VL. The choroid plexus (CP) forms an important interface between the cerebrospinal fluid and the vascular peripheral system, and is a structure with the potential to allow the passage of inflammatory cells into CNS and serve as a source of inflammatory mediators. The objective of this study was to evaluate brain lesions including CP in dogs with VL and to evaluate the possible participation of CP as a producer of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL-3, CCL-4, CCL-5, CXCL-10), and blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction through the presence of albumin, antibody anti-Leishmania in the cerebrospinal fluid and also by the albumin quotient facilitate the passage of immune cells and contribute to inflammatory brain disorders. Inflammatory infiltrates were observed ranging from mild to severe, mainly in CP and meninges. Increased gene expression of CCL-5 and tendency to increase CXCL-10 in CP from infected dogs. Presence of amastigotes and Leishmania DNA in CP, as well as anti-Leishmania antibodies and albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with VL. These results indicate that there is dysfunction of BBB in dogs with VL and that CCL-5 could be produced by CP, on the other hand, this tissue did not prove to actively contribute to the production of other cytokines evaluated in this study / Doutor

The aim of this research project was to investigate the microstructural changes of MCrAlY coated Ni-based superalloys that are routinely used in industrial gas turbine engines for power generation. One of the main aims of the characterisation was to understand ageing time and temperature effects on the microstructural evolution so that a methodology could be developed where the characterisation of a thermally exposed microstructure can be used to estimate unknown service exposure conditions.

Orientador: Luiz Henrique de Araújo Machado / Resumo: A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) apresenta uma complexa relação entre a inflamação e a barreira cutânea. O envolvimento de resposta imunológica do tipo Th2 e Th1, bem como produção de citocinas pró inflamatórias têm sido relacionadas com o padrão inflamatório, sinais clínicos e a gravidade da doença. As células-tronco mesenquimais (CTM) possuem características imunomoduladoras, sendo altamente sugeridas para reduzir a produção de citocinas inflamatórias e melhorar a qualidade de vida de animais atópicos. Visando comparar o efeito das CTM em cães atópicos, realizamos um estudo randomizado, simples-cego, com período inicial de placebo em seis cães. Foram comparados os perfis séricos inflamatórios por ELISA, além de resposta clínica por CADESI-04 e escala analítica de prurido. Ao final do estudo, os cães melhoraram significantemente o padrão clínico por CADESI-04 (p < 0,001) e pela escala de prurido (p < 0,05), contudo não houve mudança no perfil inflamatório das citocinas. Foi observado reações adversas em dois animais do estudo. Concluindo, o uso de CTM pode ser eficaz na melhora da sintomatologia relacionada a doença. / Abstract: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) presents a complex relationship between inflammation and cutaneous barrier. The involvement of Th2 and Th1 type immune responses, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines have been related to inflammatory pattern, clinical signs and severity of disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) have immunomodulatory characteristics and are highly suggested to reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines and to improve quality of life of atopic animals. In order to compare effects of MTCs on atopic dogs, we performed a randomized, simple-blind, placebo-controlled study in 6 dogs. Inflammatory serum profiles were compared by ELISA, in addition to clinical response by CADESI-04 and analytical pruritus scale. At the end of the experiment, dogs significantly improved the clinical standard for CADESI-04 (p <0.001) and pruritus scale (p <0.05), however, there was no change in the inflammatory cytokine profile. Adverse reactions were observed in two study animals. Concluding that the use of CTM may be effective in improving symptoms related to disease / Mestre

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) thermally insulate the substrate from high temperature exposure. This work attempted to simulate real engine thermal cyclic conditions by designing a test method to evaluate the thermal cyclic fatigue (TCF) performance of different coatings applied inside exhaust manifold of a diesel engine. The coatings investigated in this work comprised of two plasmas-sprayed TBCs (conventional 8YSZ and nanostructured 8YSZ) and one bond coat (NiCoCrAlY). Additionally, these coatings were exposed to isothermal testing and their oxidation behavior was evaluated.   All the coatings along with only substrate were exposed to temperature around 525°C for 150 cycles in thermal cyclic testing carried out on Scania’s heavy-duty diesel engine. For isothermal testing, all coatings along with only substrate material were exposed to 650°C and 750°C for 168 hours respectively. Microstructural analysis by SEM/EDS was carried out to compare the microstructural evolution of the tested coatings with the as sprayed TBCs. In the case of thermal cyclic test, all coatings showed no failure and no TGO growth up to 150 cycles. In the EDS analysis for isothermally tested coatings, oxidation of the substrate at bond coat- substrate interface instead of TGO growth was observed. Bond coat showed lowest oxide layer thickness at 650°C and 750°C followed by conventional YSZ and then nanostructured YSZ. But, conventional YSZ showed microcracks in top coat near top coat- bond coat interface after isothermal testing. Thermal cyclic and isothermal exposure test results showed that bond coated substrate and nanostructured YSZ have the potential to be implemented inside the real manifold.

Conventional yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) are widely used in the gas turbine to protect the substrate material from high temperature. But the common YSZ top coatings have limitations at higher temperature (above 1200 ℃) due to significant phase transformation and intensified sintering effect. Among the list of pyrochlores, gadolinium zirconate offer very attractive properties like low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient and CMAS resistance. However, a lower fracture toughness than YSZ and tendency to react with alumina (thermal grown oxide) can lead to lower lifetime. Therefore, multi-layered thermal barrier coating approach was attempted and compared with single layer system. Single layer (YSZ) was processed by suspension plasma spraying (SPS). Double layer coating system comprising of YSZ as the bottom ceramic layer and gadolinium zir-conate as the top ceramic coat was processed by SPS. Also, a triple layer coating system with denser gadolinium zirconate on top of double layer system, was sprayed. Denser gado-linium zirchonate acts as the sealing layer and arrest the CMAS penetration. Isothermal oxidation performance of the sprayed coating systems including bare substrate and sub-strate with bond coat were investigated for a time period of 10hr, 50hr and 100hr at 1150℃ in air environment. Weight gain was observed in all the systems investigated. Microstruc-tural analysis was carried out using optical microscopy, SEM/EDS. Phase analysis was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Porosity measurement was made by water impregna-tion method. It was observed that multi-layered thermal barrier coating systems of YSZ/GZ and YSZ/GZ/GZ(dense) showed lower weight gain and TGO thickness than the single layer YSZ for all exposure time (10hr, 50hr &amp; 100hr). The triple layer system had lower weight gain and TGO thickness compared to double layer system due to lower po-rosity content. Also, from the porosity measurement data, it could be seen that sintering effect is more dominant at 10 hr. of oxidation for all the coatings systems.

Orientador: Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano / Banca: Ana Paula Alves Favareto / Banca: Patricia Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro / Resumo: As células de Sertoli, encontradas no epitélio seminífero, formam a barreira hematotesticular através de suas junções comunicantes e de oclusão, responsável por proporcionar um ambiente protegido e coordenar o processo espermatogênico, fundamental para a manutenção da fertilidade masculina. A dinâmica de formação da barreira hematotesticular está diretamente relacionada com o equilíbrio entre síntese e degradação de moléculas especializadas, e sofre influência através de regulação androgênica e de fatores de crescimento específicos como o TGF-β2, sendo particularmente sensível aos fatores ambientais. A exposição à desreguladores endócrinos (DEs), capazes de interferir na modulação da barreira, pode levar a infertilidade. Atualmente o fator masculino pode ser responsável por 30-50% dos casos de infertilidade, sendo de grande importância o estabelecimento da relação entre a exposição aos DEs e o processo de formação dos gametas. Este estudo objetivou correlacionar a ação de dois desreguladores endócrinos, o Monobutil ftalato (MBP) e o Bisfenol A (BPA), em diferentes períodos de exposição, a partir de uma dose de baixa toxicidade, sobre a linhagem HSec de células de Sertoli humanas (in vitro) e sua possível ação sobre proteínas da barreira hematotesticular e proteínas regulatórias envolvidas na modulação da degradação e síntese dessa barreira. Para tal, as células da linhagem HSec foram cultivadas em meio específico para a expansão e submetidas à exposição ao MBP e ao BPA em baixas doses por 6 e 48 horas. Em seguida, as células foram isoladas e submetidas à extração de proteínas. Foram analisadas as proteínas: Ocludina, Ncaderina, β-catenina e Receptor de Andrógeno (AR) por Western Blot. Os resultados foram comparados para os dois agentes nos diferentes períodos de exposição em relação às células não expostas, mostrando que os dois agentes foram capazes de reduzir a... / Abstract: Sertoli cells, found in the seminiferous epithelium, form the blood-testis barrier via their gap and tight junctions, responsible for providing a protected environment and coordinate the spermatogenic process, essential for male fertility maintenance. The dynamics of the blood-testis barrier formation is directly related to the balance between synthesis and degradation of specialized molecules, and is influenced by androgen regulation and specific growth factors such as TGF-β2, being particularly sensitive to environmental factors. Exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDs), which interfere in the barrier modulation, can lead to infertility. Currently the male factor may be responsible for 30-50% of infertility cases, being the establishment of the relationship between exposure to EDs and the process of gametes formation of great importance. This study aimed to correlate the action of two EDs, monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in different periods of exposure, from a dose of low toxicity on the HSec lineage of human Sertoli cells (in vitro) and its possible action on proteins of blood-testis barrier and regulatory proteins involved in modulation of degradation and synthesis of this barrier. To this end, cells were cultured in HSec lineage specific medium and exposed to MBP and BPA in low doses for 6 and 48 hours. Then, cells were isolated and subjected to protein extraction. Proteins analyzed were: occludin, Ncadherin, β-catenin and Androgen Receptor (AR) by Western blot. The results were compared for the two agents in different exposure times to non-treated cells, showing that both agents were able to reduce the expression of important BTB proteins, presenting potential for disrupting the structure and maintenance of the barrier and, consequently, sperm production and male fertility / Mestre

Ce travail se situe dans un contexte de développement de matériaux barrières pour l'emballage alimentaire papier-carton utilisant des microfibrilles de cellulose (MFC), ce qui donne une dimension renouvelable, recyclable, et biodégradable. Pour cela, deux stratégies ont été étudiées : l'utilisation des MFC pour la formation d'une couche barrière laminée à l'état humide sur carton, et en tant qu'additif dans une sauce de couchage barrière base aqueuse. Il a été montré que l'utilisation des MFC pour la production de couches barrières est prometteuse dans les deux cas. La lamination de MFC sur carton a permis d'obtenir de bonnes propriétés barrières à l'oxygène et à la graisse en utilisant des MFC hautement fibrillées. L'association carton-MFC a présenté une forte adhésion après séchage, permettant d'éviter l'utilisation de colle. Dans le cas du couchage composite, en vue de diminuer la viscosité et améliorer la barrière, il a été trouvé préférable d'utiliser un faible taux de MFC dans un alcool polyvinylique (PVOH) complètement hydrolysé ayant un faible degré de polymérisation. L'ajout de MFC dans une sauce de couchage composite a montré leur capacité à améliorer la cinétique de séchage du PVOH. L’utilisation combinée de MFC et de charges lamellaires a présenté un effet de synergie sur leurs états de dispersions dans une solution de PVOH, permettant leur utilisation pour l'amélioration de la barrière à la vapeur d'eau en conditions humides, tout en évitant la formation d'agrégats qui détérioreraient la barrière à l'oxygène. Ce travail a contribué à démontrer le potentiel des MFC pour la formation de couches barrières, ouvrant la voie au développement de nouveaux matériaux d'emballages plus responsables. / This study takes place in a context of development of paper-based barrier packaging materials, using of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) that brings renewability, recyclability, and biodegradability. Two strategies have been investigated: the wet lamination of a MFC barrier layer on board, and the use of MFC as additive in a water-based barrier coating colour. The promising use of MFC for the formation of barrier layers has been demonstrated in both cases. The wet lamination of MFC on board led to good oxygen and grease barrier properties, using highly fibrillated MFC. The board-MFC complex presented a strong adhesion after drying, without requiring glue. In the case of barrier coating, in order to obtain a low viscosity suspensions leading to high barrier layers, the use of highly fibrillated MFC mixed with a fully-hydrolysed poly(vinyl alcohol (PVOH) of low degree of polymerisation has been preferred. The addition of MFC in PVOH demonstrated its potential for improving the drying behaviour of water-barrier barrier coating colours. The combined use of MFC and layered silicates evidenced a synergistic effect on their dispersion in a PVOH solution, leading to an improved water vapour barrier while avoiding the formation of aggregates that otherwise damage the oxygen barrier. The work contributed to demonstrate the potential of MFC to be used for the formation of barrier layers, paving the way for the development of more sustainable barrier packaging materials.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-06-28T15:31:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TanylaCLS_DISSERT.pdf: 2364338 bytes, checksum: 1e447e8aec29d852bf922c0a8cef2e2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T15:31:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TanylaCLS_DISSERT.pdf: 2364338 bytes, checksum: 1e447e8aec29d852bf922c0a8cef2e2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the combined use of ozone technology with modified atmosphere packaging as an alternative to ensure the microbiological safety, quality and shelf life of whole chilled Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp samples were immersed in ozonated water (1 ppm, 10 min) in chlorinated water (5ppm, 10 min), and as control group, shrimp with no treatment was used. After immersion, shrimp samples were drained, and packed in atmospheric air (Control) and modified atmosphere (100% CO2). All samples were stored under refrigeration (4±1°C) for 12 days. Shrimp samples were with drawn every 3 days for microbiological (Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, total mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts), sensory (Quality index method - MIQ) and physicochemical (pH, total volatile bases nitrogen (TVB-N), Trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) analyzes. The results were statistically evaluated using Univariate Variance Analysis (ANOVA). The Tukey test was used to examine the individual statistical differences between treatments, at a significance level of 0.05.Linear regressions were made to predict the shrimp shelf life. The pre-treatment of the shrimp samples with ozonated water, followed by packaging in modified atmosphere (100% CO2) and storing at refrigeration temperature (4ºC), demonstrated efficacy in increasing the estimated shelf life (24 days), when compared to control group (9 days) and pre-treatment with chlorinated water (11 days). During this period, the sensorial characteristics of pre-treated group with ozone remained acceptable, the melanosis index remained low, the total count of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria remained low, pH, N-BVT, N-TMA and TBARS remained low and constant, when compared to the other treatments. Thus, it can be concluded from these results that the combined effect of ozone and modified atmosphere ensured the physic-chemical and microbiological quality and extended the shelf life of white shrimp (L. vannamei) stored at 4 ° C / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o uso combinado da tecnologia de ozônio com a embalagem em atmosfera modificada, como uma alternativa para garantir a segurança microbiológica, a qualidade e o aumento da vida de prateleira do camarão branco do Pacífico (Litopenaeus vannamei) inteiro resfriado. Amostras de camarões foram imersas em água ozonizada (1ppm, 10 min.), em água hiperclorada (5ppm, 10 min.), e como controle utilizou-se camarão sem nenhum tratamento. Após imersão, as amostras foram drenadas, e embaladas em ar atmosférico (Controle) e em atmosfera modificada (100% CO2). Todas as amostras foram armazenadas sobre refrigeração (4±1°C) durante 12 dias. A cada três dias as amostras de camarão foram retiradas para análises microbiológica (Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, contagem total de mesófilos e psicrotróficos), sensorial (Método do Índice de Qualidade - MIQ) e físico-química (pH, nitrogênio das bases voláteis totais (N-BVT), nitrogênio de trimetilamina (N-TMA) e o teste das substâncias reativas ao ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico (TBARS)). Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente através de Análise de Variância Univariada (ANOVA). O teste Tukey foi utilizado para examinar as diferenças estatísticas individuais entre tratamentos, ao nível de significância de 0,05. Regressões lineares foram feitas para predizer a vida de prateleira. O pré-tratamento das amostras de camarão com água ozonizada, seguido da embalagem em atmosfera modificada (100% CO2) e armazenamento na temperatura de refrigeração (4ºC), demonstrou eficácia no aumento da vida de prateleira (24 dias), quando comparado com o controle (9 dias) e pré-tratamento com água clorada (11 dias). Durante esse período, as características sensoriais do grupo pré-tratado com ozônio mantiveram aceitáveis, o índice de melanose manteve-se baixo, a contagem total de bactérias mesófilas e psicrotróficas mantiveram-se baixas, o pH, N-BVT, N-TMA e TBARS mantiveram-se baixos e constantes, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. Assim, pode-se concluir baseado nesses resultados, que o efeito combinado do ozônio e atmosfera modificada garantiu a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica e estendeu a vida de prateleira do camarão branco (L. vannamei) armazenado na temperatura de 4ºC / 2017-06-28

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / Recent scientific findings have highlighted the beneficial roles of polycyclic cage compounds in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Further interest into the chemistry of these compounds is stimulated by their remarkable ability to improve the pharmacokinetics profile of known neuroprotective agents. As potent lipophilic scaffolds, they can be employed to target the brain delivery of desired compounds. Inflammation is a key mediator of neuronal cell's degeneration as activated microglia and other inflammatory mediators propagate oxidative damage and neuronal loss. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) slow down the progression and onset of neurodegenerative diseases. The beneficial effects of NSAIDs in ND can be attributed to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes thereby halting the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PG) which are powerful mediators of inflammation. NSAIDs also inhibit the expression of pro- inflammatory genes. Despite their potential neuroprotective activity, NSAIDs are poorly lipophilic due to the presence of polar carboxylic acid groups and will therefore ionise at physiological pH, deterring them from reaching the desired site of action in the central nervous system (CNS).

Développement de nouveaux matériaux d'emballage à base de micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose. Les micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose (MFC/NFC) sont des nanomatériaux issus de ressources renouvelables présentant un fort intérêt notamment pour le domaine de l'emballage. En plus des avantages naturels de la cellulose, ces matériaux offrent des propriétés barrières prometteuses (Oxygen, graisse), de bonnes propriétés de résistance mécanique ainsi que la possibilité de produire des films transparents. L'objectif de cette thèse était de développer par des procédés d'endution un carton barrière au gaz et aux graisses en utilisant les MFC/NFC. Différentes suspensions de MFC/NFC ont été premièrement characterisées puis utilisées pour la production de films afin de déterminer leurs propriétés intrinsèques. Des films modèles ont ensuite été développés avec la production de composites matrice/MFC. Une dernière partie était focalisée sur l'introduction de MFC/NFC dans des sauces de couchage afin de développer une couche barrière à la surface d'un carton. Un démonstrateur a ainsi été validé à l'échelle pilote. Le potentiel des MFC/NFC a été démontré comme agent de séchage et comme composant principale d'une couche barrière. Mots clès: Micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose, couche barrières, procédés d'enduction / Development of new packaging materials based on micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose. The micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MFC/NFC) are nanomaterials from revewable resource with a high interest and partly for the packaging development. MFC combined both interesting properties (high tensile strength, good barrier to oxygen and grease, good transparency) and the advantages of natural cellulose source. The objective of this thesis was to develop a barrier packaging board based on MFC/NFC by coating processes. Firstly, the study focussed on the characterisation of the MFC suspensions, on the manufacturing of MFC self-standing films and on the determination of their properties. Secondly, the development of MFC based composites was studied as model films. The last part was devoted to the introduction of MFC in coating colours in order to develop a barrier layer at the board surface. Trials at pilot scale demonstrated the industrial feasibility of this product. The potential of the use of MFC/NFC was demonstrated to be used as a drying additive and a main composant of barrier layer. Keywords: Micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose, barrier layer, coating processes