Resolution 1325 shows that the role of women in military organizations and in armed conflicts is an important resource. One of the reasons for this is that the legitimacy of peace agreements and peace building is increasing. Although it is 18 years since the adoption of this resolution, there is a very limited number of research studies indicating what motivates women to participate in international military operations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what motivates Swedish women to participate on an international military operation. Using quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, Swedish women's motivation has been examined in relation to Battistelli's theory, which defines three categories: paleo modern, modern and postmodern. Survey results indicate that Swedish women are most highly motivated by paleo modern motives, followed by postmodern and finally modern motives. An analysis was also conducted to determine whether levels of motivation varied in relation to the type of operation involved, for example, if the mandate was peacekeeping or peace enforcement. Findings indicated similar results for both types of operation, although modern motives had a stronger influence in the case of peace enforcement.

Long-term and sustainable workforce planning in the Armed Forces requires a continuous recruitment at all levels, including officers. This comparative study of motivational factors intends to explore similarities and differences between Swedish and Norwegian cadets when they make their decision to seek further commitment as an officer in their own Armed Forces. The aim of this study is to create an awareness of these factors in order to assist the Swedish Armed Forces to improve the enlistment to officer training. The method used is an inductive textual analysis of Swedish and Norwegian studies conducted between 2007 and 2012. The analysis relates to the collected data, and Fabrizio Battistellis motivation categories are used in the analysis in order to structure motivational factors of the applicants. In this, the sub-questions about the motivational factors are linked to Battistellis typology and are addressed and answered. The study then carries out a comparative analysis of the outcome of the previously inductive approach. The purpose of this is to clarify any similarities and/or differences between the two countries. The study shows that there are some differences in motivational factors that influence Norwegian and Swedish candidates applying to the officer training, but also similarities. All three motivation categories, paleomodern – modern - postmodern, were represented at the two countries' candidates, but also some gender-related differences were found in both countries.

The security situation in Europe has led to a national focus in the armed forces. A national defence requires a sufficient number of soldiers and to handle this, several countries relies on voluntary soldiers. In Sweden, the Home Guard represent 47% of the total number of soldiers in the armed forces. At first look, a professional unit should have easier to motivate soldiers compared to the Home Guard. However, the fulfilment in the Home Guard is nearly 100% and the professional units have had problems keeping their soldiers. The purpose with this paper is therefore to investigate what motivates Home Guard soldiers to serve. The method used is a case study based on several interviews with soldiers from the Swedish Home Guard. The case study uses Fabrizio Battistellis theory about motivation as a theoretical foundation, which consists of three different categories, paleomodern, modern and postmodern. This study indicates that soldiers in the Home Guard are motivated by paleomodern factors, as factors such as duty, responsibility and the desire to be part of a military culture are important to soldiers. Findings also indicates that postmodern factors such as the will to develop the soldier’s personal identities and a longing for adventure were found to be important for the soldiers. However, although these factors are common, they are not thought to be crucial. Modern factors are weakly represented since no significant economic or materialistic factors could be determined.

This thesis presents an interview-based study that seeks to map the various reasonings regarding what motivates aspiring officers, cadets, to end their military service in liaison to studies conducted at the Swedish defense college. This in order to provide a brief overview of the, seeming major, causes as to why some cadets chose to end their affiliation to the military context. This study utilizes Fabrizio Battistelli’s and Martin V. Covington’s respective theories regarding motivation. These theories provide the structure and serves as main focal points when constructing and conducting the interviews. The findings in the paper suggests multiple motivational factors as to why the cadets, enrolled in this essay, chose to quit the military context. The most prominent thematic is closely affiliated with the individual’s intrinsic interest and desire for more reliable control over his, or her, time. It is also clear that the respondents deem the military’s personnel policy to be severely lacking in many different aspects which in turn results in an external factor that further motivates the individual to seek a career outside of the military context.

In times of need for increased military capability, the Swedish Armed Forces faces in the next few years a challenge in the personnel supply, due to a shortage of newly graduated officers combined with a large number of retiring officers. To meet the demands of the increased recruitment of military officers, and being able to adapt the recruitment campaigns, an important task is first to identify what motivates young soldiers and recruits to embark on a military officer career.  The aim of this quantitative study is to investigate the motivation of Swedish recruits to apply for Military Academy Karlberg (MHS K), or what brings them to the opposite choice. To this end Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory, and the postmodern-/modern-/paleomodern-categories of Battistelli, have been applied in order to measure motivation among recruits. The results indicate that both those recruits that have applied for MHS K, and those who have not, are motivated mostly by postmodern factors related to self-fulfilment. Applicants seem to be motivated by, for example, personal- or leadership development, while those who do not apply often have other plans usually involving civilian work and education. In addition, the study found that among those who apply, women and non-combat units appear to have a stronger postmodern motivation than men and combat units.

In times of need for increased military capability, the Swedish Armed Forces faces in the next few years a challenge in the personnel supply, due to a shortage of newly graduated officers combined with a large number of retiring officers. To meet the demands of the increased recruitment of military officers, and being able to adapt the recruitment campaigns, an important task is first to identify what motivates young soldiers and recruits to embark on a military officer career.  The aim of this quantitative study is to investigate the motivation of Swedish recruits to apply for Military Academy Karlberg (MHS K), or what brings them to the opposite choice. To this end Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory, and the postmodern-/modern-/paleomodern-categories of Battistelli, have been applied in order to measure motivation among recruits. The results indicate that both those recruits that have applied for MHS K, and those who have not, are motivated mostly by postmodern factors related to self-fulfilment. Applicants seem to be motivated by, for example, personal- or leadership development, while those who do not apply often have other plans usually involving civilian work and education. In addition, the study found that among those who apply, women and non-combat units appear to have a stronger postmodern motivation than men and combat units.

This study explores the motivations behind Swedish officers' decisions to serve as unarmed observers in the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO). Despite extensive research on military motivation in combat scenarios, little is known about the incentives for officers who engage in non-combatant roles in conflict zones. Using a qualitative interview methodology and Battistelli's motivation theory, this research aims to examining why Swedish officers choose such assignments.Findings indicate that motivations are based on paleomodern and postmodern motivations. Postmodern drives are more represented, but the result shows a deeply intertwined with personal values of international duty, peace advocacy, and the desire for challenging international experiences.

De senaste årens omvärldsutveckling i vårt närområde ställer nya krav på Försvarsmakten. Det nationella försvaret är återigen i fokus och för första gången på mycket länge står Försvarsmakten inför ett återtagande och en tillväxt. De närmaste tio åren kommer pensionsavgångarna bland officerare att vara av betydande storlek. Samtidigt har Försvarsmakten de senaste åren haft svårt att fylla platserna vid Officersprogrammet. Syftet med studien är att få förståelse för vilka motiv som fanns för att söka till Officersprogrammet. Studien är genomförd med induktiv ansats, kvalitativ metod och inspirerad av Grundad teori. Empirin är inhämtad genom intervjuer med förstaårskadetter vid Officersprogrammet. Vid kodningen av vår empiri framträdde fyra huvudkategorier som ger förståelse för vad som låg bakom och motiverade kadetterna att söka till Officersprogrammet. Dessa fyra huvudkategorier är Personlig ambition, Socialt inkluderande, Potentiell utveckling och Extern influens. De slutsatser som dras i studien är att kadetternas motiv och bakomliggande faktorer för att söka till Officersprogrammet handlar om att en individ med stor Personlig ambition känner att både Socialt inkluderande och Potentiell utveckling är uppfyllda i Försvarsmakten. I denna process verkar Extern influens som katalysator och är det som får dem att söka till Officersprogrammet. Kadetterna ger uttryck för att ha en vilja att prestera, att göra bra ifrån sig. De uttrycker även en önskan om att få vara en del av en större grupp och arbeta för gruppens bästa. Vidare ger de uttryck för en vilja att försvara den svenska friheten, våra värderingar och vår demokrati. Dessutom ger kadetterna uttryck för att uppskatta förmåner som idrott på arbetstid, att få en betald akademisk utbildning och möjligheten att göra karriär. De har även ett behov av att få återkoppling på sitt arbete och framhåller betydelsen av den personliga upplevelsen. / The development in recent years' in our vicinity places new demands on the Swedish Armed Forces. The national defence is once again in focus and for the first time in a very long time the Swedish Armed Forces is facing a readmission and growth. Over the next ten years retirements among officers will be of significant size. At the same time the Swedish Armed Forces have had a hard time filling the positions at the Officers' Programme the last few years. The purpose of the study is to gain an understanding of the motives that existed for applying for the Officers' Programme. The study is conducted with an inductive approach, a qualitative method and inspired by Grounded Theory. The empirical data is obtained through interviews with first-year cadets at the Officers' Programme. During the coding process of the empirical data four main categories emerged which give an understanding of what was behind and motivated the cadets to apply for the Officers' Programme. These four main categories are Personal Ambition, Social Inclusion, Potential Development and External Influence. The conclusions in the study are that the cadets' motives and underlying factors for applying for the Officers' Programme are that an individual with great Personal Ambition senses that Social Inclusion as well as Potential Development are fulfilled in the Swedish Armed Forces. In this process, External Influence acts as a catalyst and drives them to apply to the Officers' Programme. The cadets express a desire to perform. They also express a desire to be part of a larger group and work for the best of the group. Furthermore, they express a desire to defend the Swedish freedom, our values and our democracy. In addition, the cadets express their appreciation of benefits such as sports in working hours, getting a paid academic education and the opportunity to make a career. They also have a need to get feedback on their work and emphasize the importance of the personal experience.

In the next few years, the Swedish armed forces will have a major shortage of officers. This is due to a combination of high numbers reaching pensionable age and low numbers graduating from the Officers’ Programme.The lack of newly qualified officers is a major problem for the Armed Forces personnel supply. This paper investigates what motivated current cadets to study to become an officer in order to gain a greater understanding of why people choose a profession that has become less and less popular. This study applies Battistellis theory about motivation in a survey among the Swedish cadets at the military academy during the spring of 2019. Battistellis theory is built on three different categories, paleo modern motivation, modern motivation and postmodern motivation. The theory is used in a quantitative survey. The study examines which motivation category the cadets are most familiar with and if there are any differences between cadets. The survey results indicate that the Swedish cadets mostly applied to the officer program because of paleo modern and postmodern motivations. The analysis concludes that depending on if the student had been working as a soldier or not before becoming a student, their motivation varied.

This study investigates the motivations behind conscripts' choice to remain in the Swedish Armed Forces following basic training. Existing explanations lacks clarity, with results often contradictory and inconclusive. Hence, utilizing conscripts as the primary data source, this study seeks to comprehend the driving forces that motivate them to sustain their military involvement. Employing a mixed-methods approach utilizing five distinct motivational categories inspired by Charles Moskos and Fabrizio Battistelli: institutional, work-related, paleomodern, modern, and postmodern. The findings suggest that multiple motivational categories interact and exhibit partial interdependence. Notably, postmodern driving forces, encompassing personal development, the pursuit of adventure, and self-realization, emerge as critical factors influencing conscripts' motivation for continued commitment. Additionally, the study reveals that Russia's invasion of Ukraine has amplified conscripts' motivation to remain engaged. This research contributes to the understanding of conscripts' motivations and sheds light on the significance of postmodern motivators in driving their commitment.