Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Despite recent advances in stem cell biology, immunotherapy and transplantation, substantial barriers still exist in the large-scale specific separation of a discrete population of human therapeutic cells from a cell suspension. The ideal purification technique should combine high cell purity, yield and function, with fast processing and affordability. Currently, fluorescence-activated cell sorting with flow cytometry (FACS) and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS®) are the most used methods for cell separation and purification and have been employed extensively in molecular biology, diagnostic and cell sorting applications, because they are considered to be gentle, fast and scalable. However, these methods have several key disadvantages; they are invariably expensive, yield low log cell reduction (LCR) rates, and suffer from drawbacks when applied to niche cell populations, such as those requiring multiple tandem separation steps and/or involving combined positive and negative cell selection steps. To address this challenge, a new cell affinity selection system was developed. The selectivity is based on the reversible monomeric avidin biotin interaction and it is primary designed for positive selection. The initial studies were performed on flat, nonporous, glass coverslips and the technology was then successfully transferred on high grade smooth non-porous glass beads (with a diameter of 79.12 to 118.59 μm). The multi-step layer-by-layer deposition procedure culminating in dextran-coated supports bearing monomeric avidin was rigorously characterized and subsequently employed in packed bed chromatography experiments with human erythrocytes isolated from cord blood and B lymphocytes from cell lines. The developed affinity selection platform was highly selective, efficient and, most importantly, resulted in high yields, cell purity and viability comparable with MACS® technology. Additionally scale up is possible and could be easily transferred to another chromatographic matrix with the appropriate structure.

This thesis focuses on inductive base sensor design at MHz range frequency. The background theory, design, experiments and results for a new magnetic particles sensor is presented. A new magnetic sensor based on a planar coil was investigated for DNA pathogen detection. Change in inductance of the planar coil due to the presence of magnetic particles with varying mass was measured. The experimental set-up consisted of different sized planar coil with associated electronics for inductance measurements. The best sensor performance was accomplished using two different inductors while oscillating at frequencies 2.4MHz using 9.5μH inductor and 7.2MHz with 85μH inductor. The sensor has very large signal to noise ratio (580×103), while the average amount of frequency drift was 0.58. This sensor was tested with various types of magnetic particles. In addition, iron-oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through water in oil microemulsion method and with an average size of 25nm. The best sensitivity achieved for detection of 50μg iron-oxide particles was with the bead size of 10nm. 81Hz frequency shift was attained in regard to that amount of particles. This research shows that increasing the resonance frequency to 7.2MHz can cause the larger output signal difference (frequency shift) in the presence of magnetic particles; however, the sensor stability is the most important factor for determining the detection resolution and sensitivity. The sensitivity is better if the sensor can detect smaller amount of magnetic sample. The results of this research demonstrate that while the sample consists of smaller size particles, the sensor can detect the lower amount of sample. This is due to the heating effect of nanoparticles. On the other hand the sample distance from the sensor has a major impact on the sensitivity too; the shorter the distance, the higher the sensitivity. This technique can potentially be extended to detect several different types of bacterial pathogens and can be modified for multiplex quantitative detection. This sensing technique will be incorporated into a handheld, disposable microfluidic chip for point-of-care diagnostics for sexually transmitted diseases.

Mardi Gras draws millions of tourists to New Orleans yearly, contributing to the economy of the city. Visitors soon discover the thrill of catching "throws" tossed to paradegoers by members of parade organizations' riding floats. For tourists and locals alike, throws become the cultural currency of New Orleans during Carnival. Beads, doubloons, coconuts, cups and other throws develop an inherent value, enticing crowds. People esteem throws enough to compete for them, with varying levels of intensity, along parade routes and on the streets of the French Quarter. The purchase of throws by Carnival krewes also brings revenue into New Orleans. Scholars have written many studies on Mardi Gras, including studies on individual organizations, tourism and economy. However, no study examines the history of Mardi Gras throws. This thesis seeks to fill that void, and establishes an earlier date for the first time beads were thrown from floats.

L’objectif général de cette thèse a été d’étudier le potentiel de billes à base de molécules d’α-cyclodextrine et d’huile de soja, pour l’administration orale de principes actifs peu solubles dans l’eau.Nous avons tout d’abord vérifié qu’il était possible d’encapsuler dans les billes des molécules actives (la progestérone et l’indométacine) autres que les rétinoïdes et le diazépam, avec une teneur élevée et un rendement de fabrication satisfaisant. L’étude du comportement des billes nues lyophilisées, en termes de stabilité et de libération dans des milieux digestifs simulés, nous a permis de proposer un mécanisme de libération de la molécule encapsulée qui se déroule en plusieurs étapes: i) hydratation des billes, ii) dissolution de la matrice hydrophile d’α-cyclodextrine, iii) libération de gouttelettes d’huile contenant le principe actif puis de la fraction dissoute dans l’huile par un phénomène de partage, iiii) fragmentation des billes fragilisées et libération totale de l’huile. La présence de sels biliaires dans le milieu, accélère à la fois la libération et la quantité dissoute, en fragilisant les billes et en réduisant la valeur du coefficient de partage du principe actif entre l’huile et le milieu digestif. Nous avons montré in vitro et in vivo qu’il est possible de moduler la libération d’un principe actif à partir d’une même formulation de départ, en jouant sur l’organisation du système (émulsion sèche, billes nues, billes coquées par un nouvel ajout d’α-cyclodextrine sur les billes nues). Les études in vivo chez le rat ont révélé que l’émulsion sèche se comporte comme une forme à libération immédiate, les billes coquées comme une forme à libération prolongée et les billes nues comme une forme à libération intermédiaire. Enfin, la libération du principe actif encapsulé peut également être modulée en modifiant le mode de séchage des billes. Comparativement à la lyophilisation, le séchage à l’étuve modifie les propriétés des billes en augmentant leur résistance dans les milieux digestifs simulés et prolonge la libération de la molécule encapsulée. / The general aim of this thesis was the study of the potential of beads, made of α-cyclodextrin and soybean oil, for the oral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. We have first verified that it was possible to encapsulate in beads, active molecules (progesterone and indomethacin), other than retinoid and diazepam, with a high drug loading and a satisfying yied. The study of the behaviour of freeze-dried naked beads, in terms of stability and drug release in simulated gastro-intestinal fluids, allowed to propose a mechanism for the release of the encapsulated drug, involving several steps: i) hydration of the freeze-dried beads, ii) dissolution of α-CD hydrophilic matrix, iii) release of oily droplets containing the active drug and then of the fraction of drug dissolved in oil, following a partition phenomenon, iiii) fragmentation of the weakened beads and at last the total release of oil. The presence of bile salts in the medium accelerates both the release and the dissolved amount, by weakening the beads and reducing the partition coefficient value of the active molecule between oil and digestive medium.We have shown in vitro as well as in vivo that it is possible to modulate the release of a model drug from the same initial formulation, according to the degree of organization of the system (dry emulsion, naked beads, coated beads obtained by an additional amount of α-cyclodextrine to the preformed naked beads). In vivo studies in rats have highlighted that dry emulsion behaves as a fast release formulation, the coated beads as a sustained release formulation and the naked beads as an intermediate one. Finally, the release of the encapsulated drug can also be modulated by modifying the drying method of the beads. Compared to freeze-drying, oven-drying modifies the properties of the beads by increasing their resistance in simulated gastro-intestinal fluids and sustaining the release of the encapsulated drug.

O presente trabalho visou à valorização da fibra lignocelulósica de sisal, focando principalmente em seu componente majoritário, a celulose, através da síntese de ésteres de celulose e também na preparação de diferentes materiais. A escolha dessa fonte lignocelulósica deveu-se a sua disponibilidade no país, sendo o Brasil o maior produtor e exportador mundial, e por se tratar de uma fonte de fibras com alto teor de celulose e de curto ciclo de crescimento. A síntese de ésteres de celulose com diferentes tamanhos de cadeia (acetatos, butanoatos e hexanoatos) e grau de substituição (GS) foi explorada, em meios homogêneo e heterogêneo, visando à identificação de condições que levassem aos melhores rendimentos. Em meio homogêneo, utilizando DMAc/LiCl como sistema de solvente e anidridos ácidos como agentes esterificantes, a síntese de ésteres de celulose com diferentes tamanhos de cadeia e GS (0,2-3,0) foi possível, apenas ajustando-se a razão MolAnidrido/MolCelulose. Em meio heterogêneo, diferentes rotas de síntese foram exploradas. Com o uso do sistema anidrido ácido/iodo metálico (catalisador), apenas ésteres de cadeia curta (acetatos) puderam ser obtidos com alta eficiência. Na busca de rotas alternativas para a obtenção de ésteres de cadeias mais longas, o uso de cloreto ácido e piridina (como meio reacional e como catalisador nucleofílico, respectivamente) levou à obtenção de butanoatos de celulose completamente substituídos, em apenas 30 minutos. Posteriormente, os ésteres de celulose, preparados em meio homogêneo, foram considerados como materiais de partida na preparação de filmes e biocompósitos [ésteres de celulose/celulose (0-20%)], também utilizando DMAc/LiCl como sistema de solvente. Os resultados de análise dinâmico- mecânica (DMA) e ensaios de tração revelaram que, de modo geral, a introdução de celulose levou a biocompósitos com propriedades superiores em relação aos filmes sem celulose. Resultados superiores de módulo de armazenamento e resistência à tração foram obtidos com a consequente geração de materiais que apresentaram valores superiores de Módulo de Tração e menor alongamento na ruptura. Por exemplo, biocompósitos a partir de butanoato de celulose (GS 1,8) com 20% de celulose mostraram valor de módulo de armazenamento (675 MPa) quase 4x maior que o mesmo filme sem reforço (195 MPa). Para os filmes a partir de hexanoatos de celulose (GS 1,8), a adição de celulose aumentou a resistência à tração em até 1 unidade (15% de celulose), em relação ao filme sem reforço. Por meio do uso de técnicas avançadas de caracterização de superfície (XPS e ToF-SIMS), pôde-se estudar a distribuição dos grupos ésteres nas superfícies dos filmes, assim como a influência da variação do tamanho da cadeia do éster, GS e da presença da celulose nesta distribuição. Em linhas gerais, quando a cadeia lateral manteve-se constante (butanoatos), os resultados de XPS revelaram um aumento na contribuição do carbono alifático com o aumento do GS. Em relação à cobertura superficial por cadeias alifáticas dos grupos ésteres, os resultados de XPS indicaram uma maior concentração de celulose na superfície da matriz do biocompósito preparado a partir de acetato de celulose. Por outro lado, para os ésteres de cadeias maiores (butanoatos e hexanoatos de celulose), os resultados de XPS apontaram que a celulose estaria majoritariamente presente nas camadas mais internas, gerando um maior recobrimento da superfície dos biocompósitos pelos grupos ésteres da matriz. De acordo com os dados de ToF-SIMS, os grupos ésteres se distribuíram de maneira uniforme ao longo das superfícies dos filmes e biocompósitos. Posteriormente, após uma exploração de diversas condições de pré-tratamento na massa celulósica, as quais visaram condições ótimas para a dissolução da celulose em sistema aquoso de NaOH/Uréia e posterior coagulação em meio ácido, microesferas de celulose de sisal foram preparadas com sucesso. Essas microesferas de celulose apresentam potencialidade de aplicação em diversas áreas, como na liberação controlada de fármacos e cromatografia. Na etapa final, a fibra lignocelulósica e a celulose de sisal foram consideradas como materiais de partida em um estudo envolvendo a técnica de eletrofiação a temperatura ambiente, utilizando ácido trifluoroacético (TFA) como solvente. A partir do uso dessa técnica, a dissolução da fibra lignocelulósica e sua posterior reconstrução levou a formação de fibras ultrafinas (120 a 510 nm). A eletrofiação da celulose de sisal levou a formação de fibras ultrafinas e nanofibras (<100 nm), em um amplo intervalo de diâmetros, apenas ajustando-se a vazão da solução. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho abrem uma vasta gama de possíveis aplicações, nas quais as fibras ultrafinas e nanofibras, preparadas a partir da biomassa lignocelulósica, podem ser empregadas, tais como membranas, filmes em estruturas do tipo sanduíche ou mesmo como reforço em compósitos. Através do presente trabalho, diferentes tipos de materiais foram preparados, a partir da fibra lignocelulósica e da celulose de sisal, ampliando as possibilidades de aplicação destes materiais em diversas áreas. / The present investigation aimed at the valorization of the lignocellulosic sisal fiber, mainly focusing on its main component, i.e. cellulose, through the synthesis of cellulose esters and preparation of different materials. This lignocellulosic source was chosen due to its availability in the country since Brazil is the largest producer and exporter worldwide and also because this lignocellulosic source has a high cellulose content and a short life cycle. The synthesis of cellulose esters with varied chain lengths (acetates, butanoatos and hexanoates) and degree of substitution (DS) was explored in homogeneous and heterogeneous media in order to identify the conditions that led to better yields. In the homogeneous medium, by using DMAc/LiCl as the solvent system and acid anhydrides as the esterifying agents, the synthesis of cellulose esters with varied chain lengths and DS (0.2-3.0) was possible by only adjusting the MolAnhydride/MolCellulose ratio. In the heterogeneous medium, different synthesis routes were explored. By using acid anhydride/metallic iodine (catalyst) as the system, only short-chain cellulose esters (acetates) could be obtained with high efficiency. In the search for new routes to obtain cellulose esters with longer chains, completely substituted esters (GS 3.0) were obtained by using acid chloride and pyridine (as the reaction medium and nucleophilic catalyst) in just 30 minutes. Afterwards, by using the same solvent system (DMAc/LiCl), cellulose esters prepared in a homogeneous medium were used as starting materials in the preparation of films and biocomposites [cellulose ester/cellulose (0-20 wt%)]. The results of dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests revealed that, in general, the cellulose loading led to biocomposites with superior properties than the films without cellulose. Thus, higher values of storage modulus and tensile strength were obtained, which consequently led to materials with higher Young Modulus and lower elongation at break. For example, biocomposites from cellulose butanoate (GS 1.8) with 20 wt% of cellulose showed a storage module value (675 MPa) almost 4 times higher than the film without cellulose (195 MPa). For the cellulose biocomposites from cellulose hexanoate (GS 1.8), the cellulose loading increased the tensile strength up to 1 unit (15 wt% cellulose) comparatively to the film without cellulose. By means of advanced techniques of surface characterization (XPS and ToF-SIMS), the distribution of the cellulose ester groups along the films/biocomposites surfaces were studied as well as the influence of the different cellulose esters chain lengths, DS and presence of cellulose on that distribution. XPS results revealed an increase in the contribution of the aliphatic carbon as the DS increased when the side chain remained constant (butanoates). Regarding the surface coverage by aliphatic chains of the ester groups, XPS results indicated a higher concentration of cellulose on the surface of the biocomposite prepared from cellulose acetate as its matrix. Conversely, for the cellulose esters with longer chains (butanoates and hexanoates), XPS results pointed that the cellulose was mostly present in the inner layers, which generated a higher surface coverage of these biocomposites\' surfaces by the aliphatic chains of the ester groups. According to the ToF- SIMS results, the esters groups were evenly distributed on the surface of the films and biocomposites. Thereafter, beads from sisal cellulose were successfully prepared after an exploration of various pre-treatment conditions on the cellulosic mass, where optimal conditions were found to lead to complete cellulose dissolution in NaOH/Urea aqueous system followed by coagulation in acid medium. Cellulose beads present a high potential of application in several areas, for example in controlled drug delivery and chromatography. At the final stage of this work, the lignocellulosic sisal and sisal cellulose fibers were used as starting materials in a study involving the electrospinning technique at room temperature, by using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as solvent. Through this technique, the lignocellulosic fiber dissolution and later reconstruction led to ultrathin fibers (120 to 510 nm). The electrospinning of sisal cellulose led to ultrathin fibers and nanofibers (<100 nm) in a wide interval of diameters, by only varying the solution flow rate. The results obtained in this investigation open a wide range of possible applications, in which the ultrathin and nanofibers prepared from the lignocellulosic biomass can be used, such as membranes, sandwich-type structure of films or as reinforcement in composite materials. Through the present work, different materials were prepared from the lignocellulosic sisal and sisal cellulose fibers, which contributed to expand the possibilities of application of these materials in diverse areas.

Un nouveau procédé intensifié de vinification continue avec un mélange de levures S.cerevisiae et Sch.pombe immobilisées dans des billes d’alginate est proposé. A l’échelle laboratoire, l’étude de la teneur en billes et de la configuration du réacteur conduit à l’obtention d’un réacteur de type lit fixe permettant une production de vin en 35 heures. Des validations du procédé aux échelles pilote (170 L) puis industrielle (120 hL) montrent que, en cave, du vin de qualité semblable au témoin est produit en 2 à 3 jours. Une analyse du comportement du réacteur a identifié des raisons de pertes de performances liées à l’hydrodynamique lors du changement d’échelle ainsi que des axes améliorations possibles. Ce procédé permet d’obtenir un vin de qualité maitrisée et un gain de temps de plusieurs semaines / From a batch to another, produced wines are usually different because of the different alcoholic and malolactic fermentation courses. To blend wines quality and continue wine production industrialization, a new continuous process, using Ca-alginate immobilized yeast cells, was developed for red wine-making. Working with a blending of S.cerevisiae and Sch.pombe allowed the regrouping of the alcoholic and malolactic fermentations in a unique step. After testing different reactor set-ups at lab scale, the selected process, a vertical bed reactor, was used in real wine-making conditions, firstly in a pilot reactor (170 L) and then in an industrial one (120 hL). The results showed that continuous wine-making was possible in 2 to 3 days. The wine presented nearly the same sensory profile compared to a classical one. Thanks to the analysis of the reactor behaviour, we were able to explain the efficiency losses linked to the hydrodynamic, observed during the scale-up. This new intensified process enables to obtain a wine with a controlled quality and to save several weeks of production time

Dans le cadre des procédés de clarification d'eau de surface, les flocs formés au cours des étapes de coagulation et de floculation peuvent être séparés de l'eau traitée par décantation ou par flottation. Dans ce dernier cas, le procédé actuellement en vigueur est la flottation à air dissous et présente un certain nombre d'inconvénients. Ainsi, dans ce contexte, la présente thèse consiste à développer un matériau innovant, à la fois flottant et floculant, pour une application dans un procédé de flottation sans air. Dans un premier temps, l'élaboration de billes de polystyrène expansibles utilisant l'eau ou l'éthanol comme agent gonflant a été réalisée. D'autres billes ont ensuite été préparées en présence de 4-(chlorométhyl)styrène comme co-monomère puis la polymérisation par transfert d'atome amorcée en surface (SI-ATRP) de l'acrylamide a été effectuée avec succès. L'impossibilité d'expanser ces matériaux a ensuite conduit à l'exploration de nouvelles voies de synthèse avec la fonctionnalisation de matériaux flottants existants par des techniques de « grafting from » ou « grafting onto ». Quelle que soit la voie envisagée, la première étape a consisté à réduire les fonctions nitrile en amine primaire en présence d'hydrure d'aluminium lithium. Après fonctionnalisation par du bromure de bromoisobutyryle ou du chlorure d'acryloyle, il a été possible de venir greffer de l'acrylamide par SI-ATRP ou de l'amidon via un amorceur redox, respectivement. Les matériaux flottants/floculants obtenus ont été testés lors de flottatests. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus avec les microsphères fonctionnalisées par de l'amidon anionique. Ces dernières ont permis d'abattre la turbidité de l'eau, ont ensuite été régénérées avec succès, par des bains d'acide oxalique ou de dithionite de sodium, et employées durant plusieurs cycles flottatest/régénération avec des résultats reproductibles. / At the end of clarification process, after coagulation-flocculation steps, flocs can be removed from treated water by settling or flotation. In the latter case, Dissolved Air Flotation is the currently used process. However, this method showed important drawbacks, especially an important energetic cost due to the production of air saturated water. In that context, the goal of the reported work dealt with achieving air-free flotation using innovative floating materials. First of all, the synthesis of expandable polystyrene beads using water or ethanol as blowing agent was investigated. Other beads containing both styrene and 4-(chloromethyl)styrene were prepared. Then, surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide (SI-ATRP) was achieved. Unfortunately, the expansion of such materials was not possible. Therefore, the second part focused on the functionalization of Expancel beads by “grafting from” or “grafting onto” techniques. The first step consisted in reducing some nitrile functions at the surface into primary amine ones. After functionalization with bromoisobutyryl bromide, the SI-ATRP of acrylamide was performed in water at room temperature. On the other hand, the acryloyl chloride was grafted onto amine functions, and grafting of starch was achieved using a redox initiator. All materials obtained have been used for flocculation/flotation tests and demonstrated satisfactory performances in terms of turbidity removal. Beads functionalized with starch have been successfully regenerated with oxalic acid and sodium dithionite and kept appropriate efficiency during several flotation/regeneration cycles.

Ces travaux de recherche s’inscrivent d’une part dans une thématique d’intensification de procédés : la synthèse des particules de polymères est classiquement réalisée en batch en présence de solvants, tensioactifs et agents stabilisateurs. Dans ces conditions, les particules générées ont une distribution de taille assez large. Pour palier à celà, la synthèse des particules est envisagée en continu dans des microcanaux avec l’eau en phase dispersante, sans ajout de tensioactifs et sans traitement de surface des parois du microréacteur. L’utilisation de l’échelle micrométrique va ainsi procurer une très grande régularité aux dispersions générées et empêcher la coalescence des gouttelettes au sein du milieu qui provoque la polydispersité des particules dans les cuves agitées. Nous avons donc développé des outils microfluidiques et étudié l’hydrodynamique dans ces microréacteurs pour obtenir la génération de gouttelettes sphériques afin de synthétiser des billes d’un diamètre inférieur à la centaine de microns par polymérisation directe des gouttes. Ces travaux visent d’autre part, la production de nouveaux matériaux puisque l’objectif était non seulement de produire des particules simples mais d’envisager des structures plus complexes telles que des particules multicouches de type oignon pour lesquelles on pourrait choisir la nature et l’épaisseur de chaque couche. Nous avons donc travaillé sur la manipulation de l’écoulement après polymérisation pour envisager des méthodes d’enrobage des particules coeurs. Enfin nous avons trouvé une nouvelle application liée à la synthèse de particules en microcanaux : la création de colonnes chromatographiques remplies de particules. / This work is full part of process intensification : polymer particles are usually synthesized in batch reactors with solvents, surfactants and stabilizers. In these conditions, particles are obtained with large size distribution. In order to reduce size distribution, particles synthesis is then studied in a continuous process in microchannels in water, without surfactants nor surface treatment of microreactors’ walls. The micron-size scale provides indeed better control of monomer dispersion and prevents droplets coalescence which is the major reason of polydispersity in stirred tank reactors.That is why we have developped microfluidic tools and studied hydrodynamics and droplet generation into microreactors in order to synthetize polymer beads smaller than a hundred microns by direct polymerization of spherical droplets. This work also deals with new material creaction : the objective was also to produce onion-like structures for whom we could choose each layer chemical nature and thickness. We have then analysed manipulation of partciles flow to determine ways of encapsulating core particles. Finally, we also developped a new application related to polymer beads into microchannels : the creation of micropacked chromatography columns

Dans le domaine spatial, la contamination moléculaire est un problème important pouvant affecter considérablement la performance des instruments embarqués. Selon l’environnement thermique, certaines molécules polluantes provenant du dégazage sous vide des matériaux constitutifs des satellites viennent en effet se déposer sur les surfaces sensibles telles que les optiques et les différents détecteurs. Grâce à leur structure microporeuse organisée qui leurs confère de remarquables capacités d’adsorption, les zéolithes sont des solides de choix pour minimiser les risques de pollution. Les pastilles, billes et peintures zéolithiques offrent plus précisément l’avantage d’être directement intégrées dans la structure interne des satellites, sont légères et non pulvérulentes. C’est pourquoi l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la mise en forme de poudre zéolithique. Les propriétés mécaniques et les propriétés d’adsorption des objets obtenus seront étudiées pour confirmer leur utilisation dans le domaine du spatial.Au cours de ce travail, trois mises en forme ont été développées : les pastilles, les billes et les peintures zéolithiques. Les pastilles zéolithiques ont présenté des propriétés mécaniques très intéressantes, contrairement aux billes zéolithiques qui peuvent engendrer une contamination particulaire lors de la mise en orbite du satellite (vibrations). Les capacités d’adsorption de ces deux mises en forme sont satisfaisantes : des molécules telles que le n-hexane, le cyclohexane et le 3-méthylpentane y ont été adsorbées. Enfin, la première formulation de peinture zéolithique a conduit à des capacités d’adsorption correctes (diminution de 20 % due à la présence de liant) avec une adhésion (test ISO 2409) acceptable. Cette dernière mise en forme est une des nombreuses perspectives des travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse. / In low earth orbit, global performances of satellites can be affected by the contamination of critical surfaces as optical devices and detectors. On-orbit molecular contamination is due to outgassed organic pollutants emanating from spacecraft materials. One way to reduce and to eliminate this phenomenon is the use of molecular adsorbents. Among them, zeolites appear to be relevant materials for contaminants retaining. Unlike common powder materials, zeolites films can also avoid the secondary dust contamination due to particles breeding and can be easily inserted in the satellite structure. As a consequence, this work deals with the shaping of zeolitic powder.Three shapes were developed during this work: pellets, beads and paints. Zeolitic pellets showed very interesting mechanical properties, on the contrary to zeolitic beads which can beget a particulate contamination (vibrations). The adsorption capacities of these two shapes are good: molecules such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and 3-methylpentane were adsorbed. Finally, the first formulation of a zeolitic paint was developed: a loss of 20 % of the adsorption capacities was observed (presence of binder). The adhesion (ISO 2409 test) was acceptable. This last shape is one of the many perspectives of this work.