This research describes patterns of use in the High Line Park and investigates the relationship between the design of this elevated park and the ways parks like these are utilized. Mixed methods were used for this research, including direct observations and personal interviews. Research was conducted to answer the following questions: first, what are users’ activity patterns in the different sections of the High Line? Second, how do the users’ activity patterns vary at different times of the day? And finally, how do the site layout and the design elements affect the users’ behavior? The results show that the Plaza area and the Lawn area were the most used spaces compared to other spaces that were observed. In conclusion, this study suggests that the design features that are related to planting design, seating areas, and pathways are very important elements to promote activity, as specifically observed in the High Line.

BACKGROUND¡GWork plays an important role in everyone¡¦s health and happiness. However, facing the rapidly changing medical environment, physicians feel even more stress than ever. PURPOSE¡GThe purpose of this study was to find the current stressors among physicians who worked in hospitals in southern Taiwan, and to evaluate the correlations among demographics, type A behavior pattern(TABP) and the perception and approach-avoidance intention (AAI) of the stressors. METHOD: Structured questionnaires were mailed to physicians who worked in hospitals in Ping tong and Kaohsiung. Data were coded and analyzed with factor analyses, £q2 test, Pearson¡¦s correlation, partial correlation, Student t test, ANOVA and multiple regression when appropriate. RESULTS: The effective response rate was 7.9% and there was no true difference between the samples and population in demographic characteristics. Six factors were extracted from stressors by factor analyses with the cumulative percentage of total variance explained around 64.7%. The overall Cronbach¡¦s £\ was .917. The extent of stress perception and the AAI of the factors of stressors, namely ¡§patient management (PM)¡¨, ¡¨interpersonal relationship (IR)¡¨, ¡¨work load (WL)¡¨, ¡¨medical environment (ME)¡¨, ¡¨organizational structure (OS) and ¡§research and teaching (RT)¡¨, were used as dependent variables during comparisons between different demographic variables and TABP. The mean TABP score was 4.47, mean perceived stress was 3.13 and the mean AAI of the stressors was 3.5. The most stressful factor of stressors was PM and the least was IR. The AAI of the factor of the stressors revealed that RT was most likely to use approach as the coping strategy whereas the OS was the least. The correlation between the extent of the stress perception and AAI of the stressors varied. Significant correlation was found only in moderate stress zone. TABP significantly correlated to stress perception with Pearson¡¦s r = .227 ( P < .05 ). There was significant difference in overall stress perception on TABP and the position of the physicians. Physicians with TABP perceived more stress than Type B did. Residents were more likely to report their job as stressful than attending physicians did. However, the correlation between TABP and the AAI of the stressors (overall and all 6 factors) were not significant. The attribute of the hospital was the only factor that has the moderator effect on AAI of the stressors. Physicians who worked in public hospitals use approach as the coping strategy to the stressors more likely than physicians who worked in private hospitals did. The correlation between the stress perception and AAI to the factors of the stressors, and the moderator effect of physicians demographics and TABP on stress perception and AAI to the factors of the stressors will be discussed in detail in the text.

As the global market place becomes more integrated and tensed, there is a shift from thetraditional marketing whereby attention is given solely to the sale of a product to a morecustomer-based marketing. Customer involvement in the processing of a product is thehighlight of this phenomenon. By this their needs and preferences for a product are welladdressed and base on this management can make effective decisions. Customer usagepattern and its influencing factors have become a key for business decision-making.Customer based notion is well known by its effective result in any kind of product. Theycould help businesses to manage, to adjust strategies to better match with the customersexpectations in existing markets. And to enter new markets, where the companies haveno historical databases of the local customers, the Snus usage pattern and its influencingfactors in previous growth markets are helpful to make use of.The motivation of this thesis therefore, is to find out the usage pattern and the influencingfactors of snus (smokeless tobacco) in its growth market such as Sweden and the UnitedStates where until recently gaining popularity. This thesis will make use of relatedtheories, previous studies on snus and behavioral pattern, influencing factors andobservation in Sweden and in the United States. The findings of this thesis and theinfluencing factors on snus usage behavior could be reference guidelines for decisionmakers in the tobacco industry in already existing snus markets and potential markets forthe product in places such as Vietnam and other parts of world. Aside these, the findingswill be helpful in managing tobacco companies in general and snus in particular inexisting markets.

O esporte escolar tem seu primeiro registro a partir de Thomaz Arnold em 1828. Este educador sistematizou os jogos populares existentes em função de uma necessidade pedagógica através das práticas esportivas. Atualmente, o esporte escolar é similar ao esporte de alto rendimento, com pequenas adaptações que pouco colaboram para o desenvolvimento do aluno/atleta. As pressões advindas desta competição de alto nível geram elevados níveis de estresse e influenciam nas atitudes comportamentais individuais, classificadas como Padrão do Comportamento do TIPO A, que interferem na dinâmica das interações grupais da equipe a qual pertencem. Fizeram parte desse estudo 240 alunos/atletas, de 24 escolas do ensino básico da grande São Paulo, participantes das competições organizadas pela Federação do Desporto Escolar do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2007, em 4 modalidades esportivas, basquetebol, futsal, handebol e voleibol. Todas as equipes apresentaram altos níveis de Padrão de Comportamento do Tipo A e este comportamento influenciou na coesão grupal de todas as equipes, na ordem de 73,3% para o basquetebol, 90,6% para o futsal, 63,7% para o handebol e 74,8% para o voleibol. Concluiu-se que níveis médios do padrão de comportamento do tipo A entre 50 e 60% são desejados para a manutenção da alta e média coesão grupal. Este educador sistematizou os jogos populares existentes em função de uma necessidade pedagógica através das práticas esportivas. Atualmente, o esporte escolar é similar ao esporte de alto rendimento, com pequenas adaptações que pouco colaboram para o desenvolvimento do aluno/atleta. As pressões advindas desta competição de alto nível geram elevados níveis de estresse e influenciam nas atitudes comportamentais individuais, classificadas como Padrão do Comportamento do TIPO A, que interferem na dinâmica das interações grupais da equipe a qual pertencem. Fizeram parte desse estudo 240 alunos/atletas, de 24 escolas do ensino básico da grande São Paulo, participantes das competições organizadas pela Federação do Desporto Escolar do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2007, em 4 modalidades esportivas, basquetebol, futsal, handebol e voleibol. Todas as equipes apresentaram altos níveis de Padrão de Comportamento do Tipo A e este comportamento influenciou na coesão grupal de todas as equipes, na ordem de 73,3% para o basquetebol, 90,6% para o futsal, 63,7% para o handebol e 74,8% para o voleibol. Concluiu-se que níveis médios do padrão de comportamento do tipo A entre 50 e 60% são desejados para a manutenção da alta e média coesão grupal / The schooling sports have its first registry by Thomaz Arnold in 1828. This educator at that period of time systemized existing games to develop disciplinary skills through sports. Currently, the practice of sport in schools is similar to high performance sports, but it has not made many adjustments to contribute to the development of student/athlete. The intense force of pressure whithin the high level competition has generated impressive patterns of stress which has influenced the behavior of one individual, which can be defined as Behavior Pattern Type A, interfering in the dynamic of group and/or team interaction. As part of this study 240 students/athletes of 24 primary schools of São Paulo, as well as participants of competitions organized by the Federação do Desporte Escolar do Estado de São Paulo year 2007, within 4 categories, basketball, indoor soccer, handball and volleyball. All teams presented high levels of Behavior Pattern Type A, in which such behavior influenced the correlation between all teams, statically 73.3% basketball, 90.6% indoor soccer, 63.7%handball and 74.8% volleyball. It can be concluded that an average level of Behavior Pattern Type A is wished to be around 50 to 60% to keep a steady and fine correlation within a group performance

O esporte escolar tem seu primeiro registro a partir de Thomaz Arnold em 1828. Este educador sistematizou os jogos populares existentes em função de uma necessidade pedagógica através das práticas esportivas. Atualmente, o esporte escolar é similar ao esporte de alto rendimento, com pequenas adaptações que pouco colaboram para o desenvolvimento do aluno/atleta. As pressões advindas desta competição de alto nível geram elevados níveis de estresse e influenciam nas atitudes comportamentais individuais, classificadas como Padrão do Comportamento do TIPO A, que interferem na dinâmica das interações grupais da equipe a qual pertencem. Fizeram parte desse estudo 240 alunos/atletas, de 24 escolas do ensino básico da grande São Paulo, participantes das competições organizadas pela Federação do Desporto Escolar do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2007, em 4 modalidades esportivas, basquetebol, futsal, handebol e voleibol. Todas as equipes apresentaram altos níveis de Padrão de Comportamento do Tipo A e este comportamento influenciou na coesão grupal de todas as equipes, na ordem de 73,3% para o basquetebol, 90,6% para o futsal, 63,7% para o handebol e 74,8% para o voleibol. Concluiu-se que níveis médios do padrão de comportamento do tipo A entre 50 e 60% são desejados para a manutenção da alta e média coesão grupal. Este educador sistematizou os jogos populares existentes em função de uma necessidade pedagógica através das práticas esportivas. Atualmente, o esporte escolar é similar ao esporte de alto rendimento, com pequenas adaptações que pouco colaboram para o desenvolvimento do aluno/atleta. As pressões advindas desta competição de alto nível geram elevados níveis de estresse e influenciam nas atitudes comportamentais individuais, classificadas como Padrão do Comportamento do TIPO A, que interferem na dinâmica das interações grupais da equipe a qual pertencem. Fizeram parte desse estudo 240 alunos/atletas, de 24 escolas do ensino básico da grande São Paulo, participantes das competições organizadas pela Federação do Desporto Escolar do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2007, em 4 modalidades esportivas, basquetebol, futsal, handebol e voleibol. Todas as equipes apresentaram altos níveis de Padrão de Comportamento do Tipo A e este comportamento influenciou na coesão grupal de todas as equipes, na ordem de 73,3% para o basquetebol, 90,6% para o futsal, 63,7% para o handebol e 74,8% para o voleibol. Concluiu-se que níveis médios do padrão de comportamento do tipo A entre 50 e 60% são desejados para a manutenção da alta e média coesão grupal / The schooling sports have its first registry by Thomaz Arnold in 1828. This educator at that period of time systemized existing games to develop disciplinary skills through sports. Currently, the practice of sport in schools is similar to high performance sports, but it has not made many adjustments to contribute to the development of student/athlete. The intense force of pressure whithin the high level competition has generated impressive patterns of stress which has influenced the behavior of one individual, which can be defined as Behavior Pattern Type A, interfering in the dynamic of group and/or team interaction. As part of this study 240 students/athletes of 24 primary schools of São Paulo, as well as participants of competitions organized by the Federação do Desporte Escolar do Estado de São Paulo year 2007, within 4 categories, basketball, indoor soccer, handball and volleyball. All teams presented high levels of Behavior Pattern Type A, in which such behavior influenced the correlation between all teams, statically 73.3% basketball, 90.6% indoor soccer, 63.7%handball and 74.8% volleyball. It can be concluded that an average level of Behavior Pattern Type A is wished to be around 50 to 60% to keep a steady and fine correlation within a group performance

最有利標是參酌先進國家所訂定的一種決標機制，亦是政府採購法重大特色之一。惟最有利標施行以來，不斷發生一些重大的採購弊案，導致政府由原先積極鼓勵推行最有利標，轉變為「應以最低標為決標原則，最有利標決標為例外」，且須經嚴謹認定後方得採行最有利標。 本研究以研究者本身已從事十多年政府採購業務之專業及藉擔任評選委員身分參與其他政府機關標案之經驗，研析相關論文、申訴案例、法令沿革及採購弊案，再以參與觀察及深度訪談之研究方法，發掘最有利標作業程序中所發生之原因及錯誤型態並加以探討。 最後本研究研定最有利標各項作業程序之表格及注意事項，並提出研究發現及研究建議，期能建立機關正確採購程序、提升採購效率與功能，且確保採購品質。 / The“most advantageous tender”is a type of bidding mechanism developed after considering the pragmatic practices implemented by some of the most advanced countries in the world economy. It is one of the specialties in the procurement act of our government. However, the mechanism has frequently been abused by some of the unscrupulous government employees. The negative impact of such fraudulent abuse has prompted the government to change its policy of promoting the most advantageous tender. The government’s new policy is to sign contracts with those who offer the lowest, but not necessarily the most appropriate, tender. Regulations still permit the use of the most advantageous tender, but only when implemented under the closest scrutiny. The author of this research paper has for decades been involved in government procurement missions as a member of the procurement evaluation committee. He has studied and is familiar with many relevant theses on bidding systems. He has analyzed numerous cases of appeal, the evolution of pertinent decrees and defective purchasing cases. Additionally, the author has examined the advantages and disadvantages of the most advantageous tender by observing pragmatic practices and conducting in-depth interviews with officials associated with procurement missions. This research paper proposes a series of appropriate procedures and implementation forms necessary to insure that most advantageous tender can be used successfully for government procurement duty. The author also respectfully submits suggestions to government officials to help establish a new set of procurement regulations and procedures. In so doing, the author hopes to increase the efficiency of the government’s procurement work and improve the quality of all items thus purchased.

通訊技術的演化與智慧型手機的普及，改變了人際溝通的方式與手機的應用情境，在此變動快速的行動運算時代，欲研究探討使用者的行為模式，必須建立一個包含硬體、軟體與使用者社群的實驗平台，以量化的數據補強質性的觀察，準此，本論文將以現有之平台為基礎，強化其功能與易用性，方便其他研究者觀察資料的概況，並擷取符合某些條件之資料，此外，我們採用3-gram之應用程式序列，作為行為模式(behavior pattern)之特徵定義，配合不同的應用程式被使用之頻率，在相似度比較上進行不同比重的加權，根據實驗結果，可大致對使用者進行初步的分類，亦可利用此指標，針對已分類過的使用者更進一步探討之間的歧異程度。 / The rapid evolution of information technology and prevalence of smart-phones have changed the way people communicate. To effectively observe and investigate user behavior in this new era of mobile computing, an experimental platform that consists of hardware devices, software applications and user groups is essential. In this thesis, we enhance and extend the functions of a user log collection and analysis system to facilitate quick overview of the recorded data and allow flexible query/extraction of desired data segments for further processing. In addition, we employ 3-gram app log sequence as the main feature to characterize user behavior. A similarity measure that takes into account the relative app usage frequency has been defined to compare and classify users and their usage patterns. Experimental results indicate that this measure can effectively distinguish users of different traits given enough time period of observation.

本研究之目的在了解兩人合作時，團隊成員與夥伴之A/B類行為、能力差異知覺對於團隊工作表現、合作滿意及情緒的影響。本研究採實驗室實驗法，以131名大學女生為實驗對象，兩人一組，所需完成之作業為一電腦判斷任務。 本研究的結果乃根據2（個體之行為組型：A/B）X 2（夥伴之行為組型：A/B）X 2（能力差異知覺：佳/差）三因子變異數分析而來。在團隊工作表現方面，「個體之A/B類行為」的主要效果顯示，A類行為者的團隊工作表現，與B類行為者並沒有差異。「個體之A/B類行為」與「能力差異知覺」的交互作用顯示能力差異知覺對B類行為者的影響較A類行為者大；在被告知其能力較差時，B類行為者的團隊工作表現較A類行為者佳，而在被告知其能力較佳時，其團隊工作表現則較A類行為者差。另外，「個體之A/B類行為」、「夥伴之A/B類行為」及「能力差異知覺」的三因子交互作用達顯著，A類行為者在「知覺能力較差」且「夥伴為A類行為者」時，團隊工作表現最差。 在合作滿意方面，「個體之A/B類行為」的主要效果顯示，兩者的合作滿意度沒有差異；而「夥伴之A/B行為」的主要效果達顯著，表示不論本身為A類或B類行為者，與A類行為者合作的滿意度較低於與B類行為者合作。 在情緒部分，「個體之A/B類行為」的主要效果顯示A類行為者的情緒較B類行為者為負向，較容易焦慮；此外，「個體之A/B類行為」、「夥伴之A/B類行為」與「能力差異知覺」的三因子交互作用達顯著，當A類行為者被告知能力較差時，A類行為者與A類夥伴合作時，其情緒最為負向。 本研究最後針對所有的研究結果作整合性的討論，並依實驗所得的結果，提出可能的貢獻、限制、對未來研究的建議及工商實務上的應用。

Za posledné roky je zaznamenaný nárast prác zahrňujúcich komplexnú detekciu malvéru. Pre potreby zachytenia správania je často vhodné pouziť formát grafov. To je prípad antivírusového programu Avast, ktorého behaviorálny štít deteguje škodlivé správanie a ukladá ich vo forme grafov. Keďže sa jedná o proprietárne riešenie a Avast antivirus pracuje s vlastnou sadou charakterizovaného správania bolo nutné navrhnúť vlastnú metódu detekcie, ktorá bude postavená nad týmito grafmi správania. Táto práca analyzuje grafy správania škodlivého softvéru zachytené behavioralnym štítom antivírusového programu Avast pre proces hlbšej detekcie škodlivého softvéru. Detekcia škodlivého správania sa začína analýzou a abstrakciou vzorcov z grafu správania. Izolované vzory môžu efektívnejšie identifikovať dynamicky sa meniaci malware. Grafy správania sú uložené v databáze grafov Neo4j a každý deň sú zachytené tisíce z nich. Cieľom tejto práce bolo navrhnúť algoritmus na identifikáciu správania škodlivého softvéru s dôrazom na rýchlosť skenovania a jasnosť identifikovaných vzorcov správania. Identifikácia škodlivého správania spočíva v nájdení najdôležitejších vlastností natrénovaných klasifikátorov a následnej extrakcie podgrafu pozostávajúceho iba z týchto dôležitých vlastností uzlov a vzťahov medzi nimi. Následne je navrhnuté pravidlo pre hodnotenie extrahovaného podgrafu. Diplomová práca prebehla v spolupráci so spoločnosťou Avast Software s.r.o.