In recent years, the use of textile composites has grown rapidly primarily due to the high strength-to-weight ratio which they offer. The applications of fibre reinforced composites include a range of industries including aerospace, automotive, marine, civil construction, wind energy and sports. The textile reinforcements used for composites include woven, knitted, braided and stitch-bonded preforms. Among these, woven fabrics are the most widely used reinforcements which comprise interlaced warp and weft yarns oriented at 0o and 90o, respectively. This research concerns woven fabrics wherein the interlacing sets of yarns are oriented at bias. The main focus is the development of manufacturing concepts for bias woven preforms. Following a thorough study on existing bias technologies, five bias weaving concepts have been proposed for making bias woven preforms. With regard to the first of these concepts, a Desktop Bias Weaving (DBW) machine has been developed. A range of elementary and compound bias woven preforms have been successfully produced using the DBW machine. The preforms have been consolidated using the vacuum resin infusion process to make textile composites. The mechanical properties of the composite materials have been assessed, and their structure has been analysed to observe tow geometry using advanced imaging techniques such as X-ray tomography. The next step has been the development of advanced Bi-axial Bias (BiB) weaving concepts for producing quasi-isotropic bias woven preforms. Here both sets of interlacing yarns are oriented at bias. Such fabric formation requires a double rapier weft insertion mechanism. With regard to this, four concepts have been proposed and two BiB weaving machines have been developed accordingly. BiB woven preforms based on fundamental plain, twill and satin weaves have been fabricated successfully and impregnated with epoxy resin to make laminates. The weave geometry in the composite samples has been analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy.

nÃo hà / Este trabalho se agrega à discussÃo sobre a capacidade de um investidor brasileiro diversificar o risco alocando recursos em ativos internacionais. Adotando estratÃgias nÃo alavancadas de composiÃÃo de portfÃlios com 35 Ãndices das mais representativas bolsas de aÃÃes no mundo, evidencia-se que em perÃodos de crise financeira nÃo se deva recorrer aos escassos fundamentos, mas que em perÃodos de recuperaÃÃo ou estabilidade econÃmica, se deva investir em ativos de outros paÃses. Em suma, todos os portfolios equal-weighted e construÃdos via otimizaÃÃo apresentam nÃveis de risco inferiores aos registrados para o IBOVESPA, sinalizando capacidade de diversificaÃÃo internacional de risco. PorÃm, em termos de ganho ponderado pelo risco, à possÃvel que estratÃgias simples de composiÃÃo de portfolios apenas compostos por Ãndices dos mercados dos paÃses da AmÃrica do Sul jà tenham resultados satisfatÃrios. Apesar dos fatores associados ao home bias, os investidores brasileiros deveriam estar motivados em pensar em estratÃgias factÃveis capazes de reduzir a exposiÃÃo a fontes de risco de carÃter polÃtico ou macroeconÃmico que compÃem o risco sistÃmico do mercado financeiro nacional. / In this work we enter the debate about the ability of a Brazilian investor intending to diversify risk by allocating resources in international assets. Based on unleveraged strategies of portfolios composition using 35 of the most representative stock market indices worldwide, we evidence that in times of financial crisis one should not follow a fundamental approach, while during periods of recovery or economic stability, the investor Brazilian should observe other countries. To summarize, all equal-weighted and optimization based portfolios have risk levels lower than those reported for the Bovespa Index, signaling the capacity of international diversification of risk. However, in terms of relation risk-return, it is possible that simple investment strategies using only stock market indices of countries of South America have satisfactory results. Although the aspects explaining the home bias, Brazilian investors should be motivated to think of feasible strategies able to reduce exposure to risk sources of political or macroeconomic that comprise the systemic risk of the domestic financial market.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T12:08:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 federicosucunzaperez.pdf: 1575469 bytes, checksum: cd3afde7a6b38a3953480ca345febe79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T11:27:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 federicosucunzaperez.pdf: 1575469 bytes, checksum: cd3afde7a6b38a3953480ca345febe79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 federicosucunzaperez.pdf: 1575469 bytes, checksum: cd3afde7a6b38a3953480ca345febe79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei) é considerada o pequeno cetáceo mais ameaçado de extinção no oceano Atlântico Sul ocidental. Portanto, obter estimativas robustas do tamanho populacional é fundamental para garantir a conservação da espécie. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o viés de visibilidade em levantamentos aéreos da toninha e, quando possível, utilizá-lo para corrigir estimativas de abundância para essa espécie. Sobrevoos utilizando um helicóptero Robinson R44 foram realizados na Baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, para estimar o tempo que a toninha permanece disponível para ser detectada durante levantamentos aéreos. O tempo de superfície foi definido como o período durante o qual um grupo permaneceu disponível visualmente para observadores no helicóptero. Um ciclo superfície-mergulho correspondeu ao início de um intervalo de superfície até o início do próximo intervalo de superfície. Modelos lineares generalizados com efeitos mistos (GLMM) foram utilizados para investigar o efeito de variáveis ambientais e biológicas sobre a proporção de tempo que a toninha permanece disponível para o observador. O viés de disponibilidade foi calculado como proposto por LAAKE et al. (1997). Foram realizadas aproximadamente 15 h de observação durante os sobrevoos com helicóptero. Após a triagem dos dados, sobraram 248 ciclos de superfíce-mergulho registrados em 101 amostragens. O modelo GLMM com maior suporte incluiu apenas o tamanho de grupo como variável explanatória fixa e indicou uma correlação positiva entre a proporção de tempo que grupos de toninha permanecem disponíveis para detecção e o tamanho de grupo. O tempo médio que um grupo de toninhas permaneceu disponível e indisponível para os observadores foi de 16,10 segundos (EP = 9,74) e de 39,77 segundos (EP = 29,06), respectivamente. Assumindo um tempo de janela de 5,77 segundos, o viés de disponibilidade da toninha é de 0,38 (EP = 0,01). A proporção de toninhas disponíveis na linha de transecção que não são detectadas pelos observadores (viés de percepção) foi estimada utilizando os métodos de amostragem de distâncias combinados com marca-recaptura (MRDS) assumindo a independência pontual dos observadores. As detecções utilizadas foram registradas durante levantamentos aéreos (20112014) realizados com a mesma aeronave Aerocommander 500B e os mesmos quatro observadores sempre posicionados no mesmo lugar. Devido à diferença no formato das janelas da frente (janleas-bolha) e de trás (janelas-plana), somente detecções realizadas entre 60º-30º foram selecionadas. Para estimar o viés de percepção foram utilizadas 191 detecções. O modelo MRDS que melhor acomodou os dados teve as covariáveis distância, área (fator) e lado (fator) no componente da marca-recaptura, e distância e Beaufort (fator) no componente 12 da amostragem de distâncias. A partir deste modelo o (0) estimado foi de 0,38 (EP = 0,12). O tempo de superfície da toninha estimado a partir do helicóptero é 13,42 vezes maior do que o estimado a partir de plataformas em superfície e, assim, deve ser utilizado para corrigir o efeito do viés de disponibilidade em levantamentos aéreos. Os resultados indicaram que o viés de percepção para a toninha pode ser substancial, contudo foi constatada a necessidade de mudanças metodológicas para obter uma estimativa robusta desse parâmetro. / The franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) is considered the most threatened cetacean species in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, robust abundance estimates are necessary to improve conservation and management effort for this species. The goal of the present work was improve abundance estimates of franciscana dolphins by estimating correction factors to compensate for visibility bias in aerial surveys. Field experiments were made from a Robinson R44 helicopter in Babitonga Bay, Santa Catarina State, to estimate the time during which a franciscana group remained available to be detected from an aircraft. The surfacing interval was defined as the period of time during which one or more franciscanas in a group were available to the observer in the helicopter. A surface-dive cycle was defined as the period of time from the beginning of one surfacing to the next. Generalized mixed effect models (GLMMs) were used to investigate the influence of environmental and biological predictors on the proportion of time franciscana groups spend ate the surface. Availability bias was then estimated following the methods proposed by LAAKE et al. (1997). A total of 15 hours were flow during the helicopter experiment. After filtering the whole dataset 248 complete surface-dive cycles from a total of 101 samples remained. The most supported GLMM model show a positive relationship between the proportion of time at surface and the size of franciscana groups. The average time franciscana groups spent at the surface and in a dive was 16.10 (SE = 9.74) and 39.77 (SE = 29.06), respectively. Assuming a time window of 5.77 seconds, the estimated availability bias was 0.38 (SE = 0.01). The fraction of individuals available at the surface that were missed by the observers (perception bias) was estimated using mark-recapture-distance-sampling methods (MRDS) assuming point independence. Sightings were recorded through aerial surveys carried out between 2011 and 2014 with an Aerocommander 500B and the same observers, which were locaed at the same observing positions. Because of differences between front (bubble) and rear (flat) windows field of view, only sighting made between 60º-30º were used in the analysis (n = 191). The MRDS model that best fit the data had distance, area (factor), and side (factor) as covariates in the mark-recapture component, and distance and Beaufort (factor) as covariates in the distance sampling component. The estimated probability of detecting a franciscana group that was visible at the transect line was 0.38 (SE = 0.12). Results of this study showed that surfacing time recorded from helicopter were 13.42 times greater than time recorded from surface platforms. Therefore, availability bias estimates for aerial surveys of franciscana dolphins must be estimated from dive parameters computed from aerial platforms. Estimates of 14 perception bias indicated that the number of franciscana sightings missed by observers can be significant and that correction factors to compensate for this bias are necessary. However, methodological improvements in the sampling procedures are needed to estimate this parameter in a more robust way.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work we investigated the magnetization process and the magnetoimpedance in samples exhibiting exchange bias. Ni81Fe19=Fe50Mn50=T a bilayers and multilayers where grown onto glass substrates. The exchange bias was induced during growth by a 2 kOe static magnetic field. Structural, magnetic and impedance characterization was carried out. In the hysteresis curves from all samples a shift was observed. This shifting was also observed in the magnetoimpedance curves, and it had the same magnitude observed in the magnetic hysteresis curve. This displacement caused the impedance versus magnetic field curve to be approximately linear in the region near to H = 0. It is possible to use these systems as a magnetic field sensor with a linear response. The sensitivity, defined as the rate of change of the real part of the impedance with the magnetic field, reached values above 200 m =Oe at frequencies below 1 GHz. / Neste trabalho são investigados os processos de magnetização e a magnetoimpedância em filmes com exchange bias (EB). São estudadas amostras de Ni81Fe19=Fe50Mn50=T a depositadas como bi e multi-camadas, sob substratos de vidro. O Exchange Bias foi induzido durante o crescimento das amostras através da aplicação de um campo magnético estático de 2 kOe. A caracterização estrutural das amostras foi feita através de medidas de difração de raios-x a altos ângulos, utilizando uma configuração θ 2θ. A caracterização magnética estática foi feita através de medidas de magnetização obtidas com um magnetômetro de gradiente de campo alternado. As componentes indutivas da impedância foram medidas em função da freqüência (100 MHz 3 GHz) e do campo estático (H=±200Oe). Em todas as amostras foi observado o deslocamento da curva de histerese magnética devido a ocorrência do fenômenos de Exchange Bias. Este deslocamento também é observado nas curvas de magnetoimpedância e tem mesma magnetude do observado nas curvas de histerese magnética dentro da precisão experimental que temos na medida do campo magnético. Este deslocamento faz com que a variação da impedância com o campo mangnético aplicado seja aproximadamente linear na região próxima a H = 0. Tornando o fenômeno de exchange bias um possivel aliado para a obtenção de assimetrias nas curvas de magnetoimpedância para o possível uso destes sistemas como sensores de campo magnético com resposta linear. Definindo a sensibilidade como a taxa de variação da parte real da impedância com o campo magnético, foram obtidos valores, em módulo, acima de 200m =Oe em frequências abaixo de 1 GHz.

Thesis addresses the topic of behavioral finance. The aim of the paper is to identify most common investors's mistakes and examine the impact, the psychological and sociological factors have on their behavior when trading equities. The first part of thesis deals with the definition of classical theoretical concepts. The second part is devoted to the description of behavioral deviations. The final section consists of a questionnaire survey which aims to establish whether the behavior of participants is biased with behavioral deviations or is in accordance with the theory of efficient markets.

Animal welfare has long been a subject under debate. Since animals are unable to voice concerns about their living standards it is of interest to find other ways to secure their wellbeing. A new measurement has been introduced where animals’ own judgement can act as an indicator for their emotional state and welfare. This study summarizes key elements from previous literature and research in order to explain the connection between welfare and judgement bias. Emotions have been defined as either an observable reaction to a stimulus or a subjective conscious experience of the stimulus. The second has been difficult to assess in animals since they cannot vocalise their own interpretations, hence emotions in animals are assessed based on the first definition. The study of animal welfare is in short the study of animal’s judgement of the world, which in turn indicate how animals feel. Cognitive judgement bias has been defined as whether an animal assess an ambiguous stimulus as negative or positive, a common method used to demonstrate this concept is the go no-go method. Animals learn to discriminate between two stimuli and is then presented with an ambiguous stimulus. The response to the ambiguous stimulus is recorded and determine if the animal is optimistic or pessimistic in its judgement. Research has been rather successful in determining factors which can affect animal welfare, opening up for deeper discussions concerning animal cognition, awareness and their effect on welfare, but further refinements are required to assess the influence of judgement bias.

No description available.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren der Depression und deren Einflüsse auf den Krankheitsverlauf bei stationär behandelten, depressiven Patienten.

No description available.

The diploma thesis deals with detection of satisficing caused by not reading the instruction below a question in the online survey in the Czech Republic. First, the issues of online survey is introduced from the theoretical point of view and cognitive aspects of the proces of creating a response to survey questions is described. Further, the term satisficing is explained, including its sources, forms and ways of measurement, and surveys and studies focused on satisficing detection are presented, including Instructional manipulation checks method which is crucial for the practical part of this thesis. Based on previously executed studies, the author designs hypotheses about the presence of satisficing in the online survey in the Czech Republic, and about the effect of respondent's socio-demographic and other factual characteristics; these hypotheses are subsequently verified using data from the conducted quantitative survey. The research results reveal considerable presence of satisficing caused by not reading the instruction below a question in the online survey. Furthermore, the impact of some socio-demographic and factul characteristics on the total amount of incorrectly answered control IMCs was proved. Building a model used to predict the probability with which the respondent will engage in...