O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de um biomaterial vitrocerâmico (Biosilicato®) no desempenho clínico de restaurações posteriores em resina composta. 92 cavidades Classe I e Classe II com lesão de cárie (no terço meio da dentina) foram selecionadas e distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos segundo o protocolo adesivo: 1- Biosilicato / sistema adesivo convencional de dois passos, 2- Controle / sistema adesivo convencional de dois passos, 3- Biosilicato / sistema adesivo autocondicionante de dois passos e 4- Controle / sistema adesivo autocondicionante de dois passos. Dois operadores realizaram os protocolos adesivos e restauraram as cavidades com uma resina composta nanohíbrida (IPS Empress, Ivoclar) usando a técnica incremental. Os participantes foram remarcados após uma semana, 6, 12 e 18 meses para avaliação clínica realizada por dois examinadores, cegados e calibrados de acordo com os critérios FDI. Os dados foram analisados com o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Dunn de comparação múltipla, com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados revelaram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p > 0.05) entre os grupos experimentais e os respectivos controles em nenhuma avaliação, entretanto, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0.05) entre os grupos controles (2 x 4) para o critério forma anatômica (1 semana) e adaptação marginal (18 meses). O grupo 2 foi estatisticamente diferente do grupo 3 (p < 0.05), para o critério fratura do material/retenção (18 meses) e adaptação marginal (1 semana), onde o grupo 2 apresentou melhor desempenho. O uso do Biosilicato no protocolo restaurador de dentina afetada por cárie não alterou o desempenho clinico de restaurações em resina composta no período de 18 meses de acompanhamento. A associação entre o sistema adesivo autocondicionante de dois passos e o Biosilicato gerou desempenho clínico inferior, comparado ao sistema adesivo convencional (controle), em termos de adaptação marginal e fratura do material/retenção. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate®) on clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations. A total of 92 restorations in Class I and Class II cavities with carious lesion (medium third of dentin) were selected and assigned randomly into four groups according to the adhesive protocol used: 1- Biosilicate / Two-step etch and rinse system, 2- Control / Two-step etch and rinse system, 3- Biosilicate / Two-step self-etching system and 4- Control / Two-step self-etching system). Two operators carried out the adhesive protocols and restored the cavities with a nano-hybrid resin composite (IPS Empress, Ivoclar) using the incremental technique. Participants were recalled at one week, 6, 12 and 18 months for clinical evaluation performed by two blinded examiners and calibrated according to FDI criteria. Data were analyzed using Krusall-Wallis non-parametric test and multiple comparison Dunn test with a significance level of 5%. Results showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the experimental groups and their respective controls; however, there were statistical difference between control groups (2 x 4) (p < 0.05) for anatomical form (1 week) and marginal adaptation (18 months). Group 2 was statistically different from Group 3 (p < 0.05), for fracture of material/retention (18 months) and marginal adaptation category (1 week), where Group 2 showed the better performance. The use of Biosilicate, in a restorative protocol for caries-affected dentin, did not alter the clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations. The association between Biosilicate and two-step self-etching adhesive system showed an inferior clinical performance, compared to the conventional adhesive system (control), in terms of marginal adaptation and fracture of material/retention.

Lorsque les verres bioactifs entrent en contact avec des tissus vivants, une série de réactions physico-chimiques (dissolution, précipitation...) ont lieu à l’interface matériau / os, et conduisent à la formation d’une couche phosphocalcique, dont la composition est proche de la phase minérale de l’os (hydroxyapatite). La couche d’apatite sert de site de minéralisation pour les cellules osseuses, ce qui permet in fine un lien intime entre le verre bioactif et les tissus osseux. Ce lien est caractéristique de la bioactivité, qui peut être modulée via plusieurs paramètres du verre comme la composition en éléments majeurs et traces ou les propriétés texturales (surface spécifique, porosité).Dans ce contexte, nous avons élaboré des verres bioactifs dans des systèmes binaires (SiO2-CaO) et ternaires (SiO2-CaO-P2O5). Ces verres ont été dopés en ions zinc et magnésium via la voie sol-gel. Grâce à l'emploi de tensioactifs, nous avons obtenu des verres mésostructurés. Enfin, en utilisant des méthodes dites « d’opale inverse », des verres à macroporosité organisée ont été synthétisés. L'influence de ces paramètres sur la réactivité des verres au contact d’un milieu biologique (DMEM) a principalement été étudiée par des techniques utilisant des microfaisceaux d'ions. L'émission X induite par particules chargées (PIXE) combinée à la spectrométrie de rétrodiffusion Rutherford (RBS) a en effet démontré des effets évidents sur la cinétique, l'amplitude et la distribution spatiale des réactions physico-chimiques. / When bioactive glasses are in contact with living tissues, several physico-chemical reactions (dissolution, precipitation…) take place at the material / bone interface, and lead to the formation of a phosphocalcic layer, whose composition is close to the mineral phase of the bone (hydroxyapatite). The apatite layer is used as a mineralization site for bone cells and finally allows an intimate bond between the bioactive glass and osseous tissues. This bond is typical of bioactivity, which can be modulated through several parameters of the glass, like composition in major and trace elements or textural properties (specific surface, porosity).In this context, we elaborated bioactive glasses in binary (SiO2-CaO) and ternary (SiO2-CaO-P2O5) systems. Glasses have been doped with zinc and magnesium ions through the sol-gel route. Thanks to the use of surfactants, we obtained mesostructured glasses. Finally, by using inverse opal method, organized macroporous glasses have been synthesized. The influence of these parameters on the reactivity of glasses in contact with a biological medium (DMEM) has been mainly studied by techniques using micro-ion beams. The X-ray emission induced by charged particles (PIXE) combined with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) has indeed demonstrated clear effects on the kinetics, the amplitude, and the spatial distribution of the physico-chemical reactions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing CaO by ZnO, MgO and SrO on a standard bioglass composition SiO2.CaO.Na2O.P2O5 on their thermal behavior and surface reactivity. The analyses showed that the substitution did not directly affect the events of mass loss. However, the reduction in Tg, was linear with oxide concentration. MgO strongly contributed to Tg reduction while SrO and ZnO had similar behavior. The simultaneous addition of all three oxides showed an antagonistic effect on the Tg. The crystallization temperature did not vary linearly with increasing concentration of oxides, once different crystalline phases were observed for each concentration and kind of oxides. The dissolution and precipitation processes did not show a direct dependence on the CaO substitution, being influenced by other variables. The dissolution process happened with the release of SiO4 4-, Zn2+ and Sr2+, but not Mg2+. At the same time, Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO4 3- were precipitated on the surfaces generating calcium phosphate layers rich in Mg2+ and CO3 2- with similar morphologies. / O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do CaO por ZnO, MgO e SrO em um biovidro padrão de composição SiO2.CaO.Na2O.P2O5 sobre seu comportamento térmico e reatividade de superfície. As análises demonstraram que a substituição não afetou diretamente os eventos de perda de massa. No entanto, a redução da Tg foi linear com o aumento da concentração dos óxidos. O MgO foi aquele que mais contribuiu para a redução da Tg enquanto o SrO e ZnO tiveram um comportamento similar ao do próprio CaO. Ao contrário, a inclusão simultânea dos três óxidos apresentou um efeito antagonístico em relação a Tg. A temperatura de cristalização não variou linearmente com o aumento da concentração de óxidos, uma vez que fases cristalinas distintas foram observadas para cada concentração e tipo de óxido. Os processos de dissolução e precipitação não apresentaram uma dependência direta da substituição, sendo influenciados por outras variáveis. A dissolução aconteceu com a liberação de SiO4 4-, Zn2+ e Sr2+, exceto Mg2+. Ao mesmo tempo Ca2+, Mg2+ e PO4 3- foram precipitados sobre os biovidros produzindo camadas de fosfato de cálcio ricas em Mg2+ e CO3 2-, com morfologias similares.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de um biomaterial vitrocerâmico (Biosilicato®) no desempenho clínico de restaurações posteriores em resina composta. 92 cavidades Classe I e Classe II com lesão de cárie (no terço meio da dentina) foram selecionadas e distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos segundo o protocolo adesivo: 1- Biosilicato / sistema adesivo convencional de dois passos, 2- Controle / sistema adesivo convencional de dois passos, 3- Biosilicato / sistema adesivo autocondicionante de dois passos e 4- Controle / sistema adesivo autocondicionante de dois passos. Dois operadores realizaram os protocolos adesivos e restauraram as cavidades com uma resina composta nanohíbrida (IPS Empress, Ivoclar) usando a técnica incremental. Os participantes foram remarcados após uma semana, 6, 12 e 18 meses para avaliação clínica realizada por dois examinadores, cegados e calibrados de acordo com os critérios FDI. Os dados foram analisados com o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Dunn de comparação múltipla, com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados revelaram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p > 0.05) entre os grupos experimentais e os respectivos controles em nenhuma avaliação, entretanto, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0.05) entre os grupos controles (2 x 4) para o critério forma anatômica (1 semana) e adaptação marginal (18 meses). O grupo 2 foi estatisticamente diferente do grupo 3 (p < 0.05), para o critério fratura do material/retenção (18 meses) e adaptação marginal (1 semana), onde o grupo 2 apresentou melhor desempenho. O uso do Biosilicato no protocolo restaurador de dentina afetada por cárie não alterou o desempenho clinico de restaurações em resina composta no período de 18 meses de acompanhamento. A associação entre o sistema adesivo autocondicionante de dois passos e o Biosilicato gerou desempenho clínico inferior, comparado ao sistema adesivo convencional (controle), em termos de adaptação marginal e fratura do material/retenção. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate®) on clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations. A total of 92 restorations in Class I and Class II cavities with carious lesion (medium third of dentin) were selected and assigned randomly into four groups according to the adhesive protocol used: 1- Biosilicate / Two-step etch and rinse system, 2- Control / Two-step etch and rinse system, 3- Biosilicate / Two-step self-etching system and 4- Control / Two-step self-etching system). Two operators carried out the adhesive protocols and restored the cavities with a nano-hybrid resin composite (IPS Empress, Ivoclar) using the incremental technique. Participants were recalled at one week, 6, 12 and 18 months for clinical evaluation performed by two blinded examiners and calibrated according to FDI criteria. Data were analyzed using Krusall-Wallis non-parametric test and multiple comparison Dunn test with a significance level of 5%. Results showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the experimental groups and their respective controls; however, there were statistical difference between control groups (2 x 4) (p < 0.05) for anatomical form (1 week) and marginal adaptation (18 months). Group 2 was statistically different from Group 3 (p < 0.05), for fracture of material/retention (18 months) and marginal adaptation category (1 week), where Group 2 showed the better performance. The use of Biosilicate, in a restorative protocol for caries-affected dentin, did not alter the clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations. The association between Biosilicate and two-step self-etching adhesive system showed an inferior clinical performance, compared to the conventional adhesive system (control), in terms of marginal adaptation and fracture of material/retention.

First, the effect of transition metal oxide (e.g., V2O5, Co2O3, etc.) on the physical properties (e.g., density, glass transition temperature (Tg), optical properties and mechanical properties) and chemical durability of a simplified borosilicate nuclear waste glass was investigated. Adding V2O5 in borosilicate nuclear waste glasses decreases the Tg, while increasing the fracture toughness and chemical durability, which benefit the future formulation of nuclear waste glasses. Second, structural study of ZrO2/SiO2 substitution in silicate/borosilicate glasses was systematically conducted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and the quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) analysis to correlate structural features with measured properties. Third, for bioactive glass formulation, mixed-network former effect of B2O3 and SiO2 on the structure, as well as the physical properties and bioactivity were studied by both experiments and MD simulation. B2O3/SiO2 substitution of 45S5 and 55S5 bioactive glasses increases the glass network connectivity, correlating well with the reduction of bioactivity tested in vitro. Lastly, the effect of optical dopants on the optimum analytical performance on atom probe tomography (APT) analysis of borosilicate glasses was explored. It was found that optical doping could be an effective way to improve data quality for APT analysis with a green laser assisted system, while laser spot size is found to be critical for optimum performance. The combined experimental and simulation approach adopted in this dissertation led to a deeper understanding of complex borosilicate glass structures and structural origins of various properties.

This thesis concerns the development of a new series of Sr-doped phosphate-based glasses for biomedical applications. Such glasses in powder form are envisaged to have applications in novel composite restorations where the following is achievable: dentin cell-mediated bioremineralization, dental pulp regeneration and as carrier for therapeutics or antibacterial ions.The initial aim was to produce soluble porous phosphate glasses using the sol-gel method (phosphate-alkoxide based sol-gel process). Knowing the effect that the variation of Ca content has on the dissolution properties of the glass, a series of glasses where Ca was progressively increased at the expense of Na was produced. The structure of the prepared samples was probed by XRD, XRF and FTIR to confirm the successful synthesis of the target phosphate-based glass compositions. After that a promising methodology was established, attempts were made to replace Ca with Sr. Different Sr sources were used without success due to the difficulty to fully dissolve those precursors in the sol-gel mixture. Subsequently, the issue of the toxicity of some precursors and solvents used in the sol-gel procedure was recognised. To overcome this obstacle, efforts were made to replace the toxic precursor chemicals with safer ones. Nevertheless, due to the low solubility of some new precursors and the low reactivity of others, the sol-gel process did not proceed in a predictable and reproducible fashion. At this stage, the sol-gel route was put aside, and two alternative soft and water-based chemical approaches were experimented: the precipitation method and the coacervation process. The first one was found to be unsuitable for our needs for two main reasons: 1) the presence of Na in the composition generated a crystalline material (instead of a glassy amorphous one); 2) the Ca/P ratio of our composition fell in the range of crystalline phase by using this method. In addition, the yield was really low. The second method (coacervation process) was a complete success. The glassy nature of the materials obtained was proved by XRD and XRF and the surface features were tested by BET and SEM. The process was retained for a while as the preferred synthesis route and both the scale-up effect and the possibility to add Sr were analysed. The production scale of the material was increased by 5 times and different Sr sources were tested to find the best one. XRD and XRF analysis proved both the success of the scale-up and the incorporation of the Sr in glass composition / This thesis concerns the development of a new series of Sr-doped phosphate-based glasses for biomedical applications. Such glasses in powder form are envisaged to have applications in novel composite restorations where the following is achievable: dentin cell-mediated bioremineralization, dental pulp regeneration and as carrier for therapeutics or antibacterial ions.The initial aim was to produce soluble porous phosphate glasses using the sol-gel method (phosphate-alkoxide based sol-gel process). Knowing the effect that the variation of Ca content has on the dissolution properties of the glass, a series of glasses where Ca was progressively increased at the expense of Na was produced. The structure of the prepared samples was probed by XRD, XRF and FTIR to confirm the successful synthesis of the target phosphate-based glass compositions. After that a promising methodology was established, attempts were made to replace Ca with Sr. Different Sr sources were used without success due to the difficulty to fully dissolve those precursors in the sol-gel mixture. Subsequently, the issue of the toxicity of some precursors and solvents used in the sol-gel procedure was recognised. To overcome this obstacle, efforts were made to replace the toxic precursor chemicals with safer ones. Nevertheless, due to the low solubility of some new precursors and the low reactivity of others, the sol-gel process did not proceed in a predictable and reproducible fashion. At this stage, the sol-gel route was put aside, and two alternative soft and water-based chemical approaches were experimented: the precipitation method and the coacervation process. The first one was found to be unsuitable for our needs for two main reasons: 1) the presence of Na in the composition generated a crystalline material (instead of a glassy amorphous one); 2) the Ca/P ratio of our composition fell in the range of crystalline phase by using this method. In addition, the yield was really low. The second method (coacervation process) was a complete success. The glassy nature of the materials obtained was proved by XRD and XRF and the surface features were tested by BET and SEM. The process was retained for a while as the preferred synthesis route and both the scale-up effect and the possibility to add Sr were analysed. The production scale of the material was increased by 5 times and different Sr sources were tested to find the best one. XRD and XRF analysis proved both the success of the scale-up and the incorporation of the Sr in glass composition

Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement des nouveaux verres bioactifs de comblement osseux. Ils sont élaborés par fusion dans le système quaternaire : SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5. Deux éléments chimiques (bore et fluor), ont été incorporés au sein du réseau vitreux. L’effet de la quantité des éléments ajoutés dans le verre, sur le comportement physico-chimique, mécanique et physiologique a été mené par plusieurs techniques originales. L’intégration du bore ou du fluor au sein de la matrice vitreuse, influe sur les caractéristiques thermiques des verres synthétisés. Les performances mécaniques en termes de résistance mécanique, module de Young, module de cisaillement, rigidité et dureté ont été développé par l’incorporation du fluor dans la structure vitreuse. L’effet inverse a été manifesté pour les verres à base du bore. Des essais ''in vitro'' ont prouvé que la présence du bore accélère la dissolution de la matrice vitreuse, la cinétique et la cristallisation de la couche d’hydroxyapatite. Tandis que l’ajout du fluor retarde ces phénomènes physiologiques. / This thesis focuses on the development of new bioactive glasses for use as bone filling. They are synthetized by the melting method in the quaternary system CaO-SiO2-Na2O-P2O5. Two chemical elements (boron and fluor), have been incorporated in the glass network. The amount added effect, of elements, in the glass, on the physico-chemical, mechanical and physiological behaviour was led by several original techniques. The boron or fluor integration in the glass matrix, affect the thermal characteristics of the synthesized glasses. The mechanical performance in terms of: mechanical strength, Young's modulus, shear modulus, rigidity and hardness, have been developed by the fluor incorporation into the glass structure. The opposite effect was manifested for boron based glasses. In vitro tests have showed that the boron presence accelerates the vitreous matrix dissolution, the kinetics and the crystallization of the hydroxyapatite layer. While the fluor addition retards these physiological phenomena.

Ce travail de thèse concerne les verres bioactifs purs et dopés pour des applications en tant que biomatériaux en site osseux. Ils sont synthétisés par fusion dans le système SiO₂-CaO-Na₂O-P₂O₅. Quatre éléments métalliques (Zn, Ti, Cu et Ag), présentant des caractéristiques chimiques et physiologiques intéressantes, ont été introduits dans la matrice vitreuse. Leur réactivité chimique et leur cytotoxicité ont été évalués lors de tests in vitro. L'introduction de ces éléments métalliques influe sur les caractéristiques thermiques des verres ainsi que sur la dissolution de la matrice vitreuse, la cinétique et la cristallisation de la couche d'hydroxyapatite. Une bonne prolifération cellulaire a été mise en évidence. En parallèle, une méthode de synthèse d'une vitrocéramique, présentant une microporosité, a été développée par réaction entre TiN et ZnO. Des essais in vitro ont montré un caractère bioactif après 60 jours d'immersion et une absence de cytotoxicité. Ce biomatériau a ensuite été implanté au niveau de la diaphyse fémorale de lapins. Différentes études structurales ont montré la résorption progressive du biomatériau jusqu'à 6 mois d'implantation. Des scaffolds chitosan / verre bioactif ont également été synthétisés et obtenus par lyophilisation. Ils ont été étudiés lors d'essais in vitro. Ils ont servi de support pour la vectorisation de gentamicine. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les teneurs en chitosan et en verre bioactif ont une influence sur la cristallisation de l'hydroxyapatite et le relargage du médicament. Les modèles mathématiques établis montrent que le temps de relaxation des scaffolds dépend de la concentration de départ en gentamicine. / This research work focuses on the pure and doped bioactive glasses for use as bone biomaterial. They are synthesized by the melting method in the system SiO₂-CaO-Na₂O-P₂O₅. Four metallic elements, presenting interesting chemical and physiological properties, have been introduced in the amorphous matrix. Their chemical reactivity and their cytotoxicity have been evaluated during in vitro assays in simulated body fluid and cell culture media. The introduction of these metallic elements influences their thermal characteristics, the glass matrix dissolution, the kinetic and the crystallization of the hydroxyapatite layer. A good cells proliferation have been showed. In parallel, a method of synthesis of a glass-ceramic, having a microporosity, have been developed by reaction between TiN and ZnO. In vitro assays have showed a bioactive character after 60 days of immersion and a non-cytotoxicity. This biomaterial was implanted in the femoral dyaphisis of rabbits. Different structural studies have showed the gradual resorption of the biomaterial up to 6 months of implantation. Finally, scaffolds chitosan/bioactive glass, obtained by freeze-drying, have also been studied during in vitro assays. They were used as support for the vectorization of gentamicin. The obtained results show that the content of chitosan and bioactive glass have an impact on the crystallization of hydroxyapatite et the release of drug. Mathematic models show that the relaxation time depend on the starting concentration of gentamicin.

Les bioverres du système quaternaire SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5 obtenus par fusion doivent être coulés à 1400°C, ce qui ne permet pas la mise en forme de matériaux complexes comme par exemple des composites macroporeux en biocéramiques (HA et TCP) recouverts d’une couche uniforme de bioverre. Pour contourner cette limitation, la voie sol-gel a été utilisée dans cette étude. Le but principal a été de synthétiser par le procédé sol-gel, deux compositions quaternaires du système SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5 habituellement obtenues par fusion. Il s’agit des compositions 45S5® de L.L. Hench et 47Q de C. Duée. Ces verres sont inversés, c’est à dire qu’ils contiennent plus d’éléments modificateurs (calcium et sodium) que d’éléments formateurs (silicium et phosphore). Pour la synthèse sol-gel, du TEOS (TétraEthylOrthoSilicate) et du TEP (TriEthylPhosphate) ont été utilisés pour introduire les formateurs. En utilisant des précurseurs minéraux pour le calcium et le sodium, il existe des difficultés à maintenir le gel amorphe lors de son séchage. En effet, les précurseurs minéraux sont le siège de mécanismes de dissolution-précipitation liés entre autres aux solvants choisis, à la nature et à la concentration des anions dans le milieu. L’étude s’est donc orientée vers l’utilisation d’autres précurseurs des modificateurs afin de limiter la part des anions qui contribuent au phénomène de précipitation non souhaité. Deux procédés de synthèse originaux ont été alors mis au point avec des précurseurs alcoolates, acétates et du glycérol. Avec ces procédés, la nature amorphe des composés a été confirmée et leurs caractéristiques thermiques ont été ensuite étudiées. Tous les verres sol-gel réalisés sont bioactifs. Les compositions de base, 45S5® et 47Q, ont été ensuite dopées avec de l’argent afin de doter les bioverres d’une action antibactérienne. Des cellules L132 ont été utilisées pour évaluer la toxicité des poudres des deux procédés solgel. Le procédé le moins toxique a été conservé pour la suite de l’étude. Les bioverres dopés et non dopés ont été alors déposés à la surface d’échantillons plats et macroporeux en HA et TCP par une technique de trempage-retrait. Des tests de prolifération et de formation de biofilms par Pseudomonas aeruginosa ont été réalisés sur des pastilles de TCP recouvertes et ont mis en évidence un effet toxique des dépôts contenant de l’argent. Des mesures de prolifération et de vitalité sur des cellules humaines MG63 ont été également réalisées et ont permis d’observer également un effet toxique. Cet effet n’est pas souhaitable dans ce cas car il affecte la biocompatibilité de l’implant. Il devrait cependant être confirmé par d’autres tests réalisés avec d’autres lignées cellulaires. / Bioglasses of quaternary system SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 obtained by melting are cast at 1400 ° C, which does not allow the shape of complex materials, for example macroporous bioceramics composites (HA and TCP) coated with an uniform layer of bioglass. To overcome this limitation, the sol-gel process has been used in this study. The aim has been to synthesize by sol-gel process, two quaternary compositions usually obtained by melting in the SiO2- CaO-Na2O-P2O5 system. These are two compositions: 45S5® of L.L. Hench and 47Q made by C. Duée. These glasses are reversed, ie they contain more modifiers elements (calcium and sodium) as formers elements (silicon and phosphorus). For the sol-gel synthesis, TEOS (TetraEthylOrthoSilicate) and TEP (TriEthylPhosphate) have been used to introduce the formers. When minerals precursors are used for calcium and sodium, there are difficulties to maintain amorphous the gel during its drying. Indeed, minerals precursors have some dissolution-precipitation mechanisms linked to the selected solvents and the nature and concentration of anions in the medium. The use of other modifiers precursors has been made in the study to limit the proportion of anions contributing to the undesired precipitation phenomenon. Two original synthesis methods have been developed with alkoxide precursors, acetates and glycerol. With these processes, the amorphous nature of the compounds has been confirmed and their thermal characteristics have been studied. All sol-gel glasses are bioactives. The compositions, 45S5® and 47Q, have been doped with silver to add an antibacterial action to the bioglasses. L132 cells have been used to test the toxicity on the powders of the two sol-gel processes. The least toxic process is has been retained for the other tests. Doped and undoped bioglasses have been coated on the surface of flat and macroporous samples of HA and TCP by a dip-coating technique. Proliferation tests and biofilms formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been made on coated TCP and show toxic effects of silver. Proliferation and vitality tests have been also made on MG63 human cells and have allowed to observe a toxic effect. This effect is not suitable in this case because it affects the biocompatibility of the implant. It would, however, be confirmed by other tests with other cell lines.