Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / O texto que se segue é uma etnografia dos itinerários terapêuticos de pessoas com HIV/Aids. O objetivo é efetuar uma aproximação das relações entre saúde/doença e religião a partir da apreciação desses itinerários construídos e experienciados. A idéia que norteará o estudo é a de que, embora a biomedicina detenha o monopólio legitimado das soluções curativas referentes às questões de enfermidade, ela não se constitui como referência única para pensá-las. Por isso, admitindo a existência de numerosas terapias, intenta-se aqui mapear as articulações que se estabelecem entre as soluções biomédicas e religiosas no contexto da epidemia. A etnografia realizada no Centro de Referência em DST/Aids da cidade de São Paulo – centro que atende pacientes soropositivos – permitiu verificar itinerários complexos nas quais os sujeitos recorrem a diversas terapias e mesclam os tratamentos biomédicos oficiais a terapias religiosas. O empreendimento etnográfico procurou seguir essas trajetórias e verificar como essas pessoas representam, articulam e vivenciam essas terapias. Pondero que na acepção dos soropositivos ouvidos, a relação que se anuncia entre as categorias da doença e tratamento não separa a terapia biomédica da religiosa: ao invés disso, foi possível observar um continuum entre as duas práticas curativas. E aqueles que por elas circulam promovem a articulação dos universos simbólicos de cada qual, compondo-os em seu itinerário terapêutico sempre passível de transformação. / The following text is an ethnography of the therapeutic itineraries of people with HIV/Aids. The goal is to make an approximation of the relationship between health/illness and religion, from the assessment of therapeutic constructed and experienced. The idea that guides the study is that, although biomedicine holds the legitimate monopoly of therapeutic solutions, it does not constitute a single reference for thinking about them. Therefore, assuming the existence of numerous therapies, the objective is to map the joints that are established between the biomedical and religious solutions in context of the epidemic. The ethnography at the Centro de Referência e Treinamento in STD/Aids in São Paulo – a center that serves HIV-infected patients – has shown complex itineraries in which the subjects use a range of therapies and blend biomedical treatments and religious therapies. The ethnographic enterprise tried to follow these paths and verify how these people represent, articulate and experience these therapies. For the patients from this study, the relationship announced between the categories of disease and treatment does not separate the religious and biomedical therapies: instead, it was observed a continuum between the two healing practices. And those who circulate among them by promoting the articulation of their symbols make them in their therapeutic itinerary always suitable for further transformation. / TEDE

Este trabalho se propõe ao estudo das articulações entre o saber biomédico e o saber leigo no discurso de mulheres de camadas médias urbanas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com idades compreendidas entre 40 e 60 anos. Toma como referência a produção sócioantropológica sobre gênero, corpo, menopausa, envelhecimento, bem como a que analisa a construção do fato científico. Atualmente é notável a crescente preeminência do discurso da biologia na determinação daquilo que seria da ordem do corpo feminino ou do masculino, o que certamente é perpassado por relações de gênero. A partir de uma perspectiva construcionista investiga o destaque conferido ao papel dos hormônios pela biomedicina, não apenas no funcionamento e na regulação do organismo da mulher, mas também no que diz respeito à forma pela qual ela irá vivenciar seu cotidiano. Além disso, busca apontar pistas na direção de problematizar a pregnância de certos dualismos como o que opõe o biológico ao social. Dualismos que revelam uma forma de organização binária hierárquica de pensamento, característica de nossa sociedade ocidental moderna. A noção de rede é um balizador importante para a compreensão mais ampla do pano de fundo do que informa as leituras vigentes acerca das ocorrências fisiológicas de mulheres e homens. Embora o campo investigado se apresente fluido e matizado, a intensidade do discurso hormonal biomédico se faz notar de modo potente nas narrativas, no que diz respeito aos corpos e às vidas das mulheres entrevistadas. / This paper is designed to study the association between the biomedical knowledge and the lay knowledge in the discourse of the average urban female between 40 and 60 years of age in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is based on the socio-anthropological production about gender, body, menopause and aging, and the analysis of the construction of the scientific fact as well. Today, there is an increasing prevalence of the biological discourse in determining what pertains to the female and to the male body, which is certainly crossed by gender relations. From a constructionist standpoint, it surveys the significance assigned by biomedicine to the role of the hormones, not only regarding the functioning and the regulation of the female body, but also regarding how women will live their daily life. Furthermore, it looks for clues with a view to the problematization of the power of certain dualities, like the biological versus the social. These dualities expose a form of binary hierarchical organization of thought so typical of our modern western society. The notion of network is an important mark-out for a better understanding of the background of the current knowledge with respect to the male and female physiological events. Despite the fluid and diversified quality of the subject under discussion, the intensity of the biomedical hormonal discourse can be strongly perceived in the accounts regarding the body and the life of the respondent females.

Este trabalho se propõe ao estudo das articulações entre o saber biomédico e o saber leigo no discurso de mulheres de camadas médias urbanas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com idades compreendidas entre 40 e 60 anos. Toma como referência a produção sócioantropológica sobre gênero, corpo, menopausa, envelhecimento, bem como a que analisa a construção do fato científico. Atualmente é notável a crescente preeminência do discurso da biologia na determinação daquilo que seria da ordem do corpo feminino ou do masculino, o que certamente é perpassado por relações de gênero. A partir de uma perspectiva construcionista investiga o destaque conferido ao papel dos hormônios pela biomedicina, não apenas no funcionamento e na regulação do organismo da mulher, mas também no que diz respeito à forma pela qual ela irá vivenciar seu cotidiano. Além disso, busca apontar pistas na direção de problematizar a pregnância de certos dualismos como o que opõe o biológico ao social. Dualismos que revelam uma forma de organização binária hierárquica de pensamento, característica de nossa sociedade ocidental moderna. A noção de rede é um balizador importante para a compreensão mais ampla do pano de fundo do que informa as leituras vigentes acerca das ocorrências fisiológicas de mulheres e homens. Embora o campo investigado se apresente fluido e matizado, a intensidade do discurso hormonal biomédico se faz notar de modo potente nas narrativas, no que diz respeito aos corpos e às vidas das mulheres entrevistadas. / This paper is designed to study the association between the biomedical knowledge and the lay knowledge in the discourse of the average urban female between 40 and 60 years of age in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is based on the socio-anthropological production about gender, body, menopause and aging, and the analysis of the construction of the scientific fact as well. Today, there is an increasing prevalence of the biological discourse in determining what pertains to the female and to the male body, which is certainly crossed by gender relations. From a constructionist standpoint, it surveys the significance assigned by biomedicine to the role of the hormones, not only regarding the functioning and the regulation of the female body, but also regarding how women will live their daily life. Furthermore, it looks for clues with a view to the problematization of the power of certain dualities, like the biological versus the social. These dualities expose a form of binary hierarchical organization of thought so typical of our modern western society. The notion of network is an important mark-out for a better understanding of the background of the current knowledge with respect to the male and female physiological events. Despite the fluid and diversified quality of the subject under discussion, the intensity of the biomedical hormonal discourse can be strongly perceived in the accounts regarding the body and the life of the respondent females.

The goal of this study is to learn about methods in object classification in medicine and find out what are these methods about. Focusing on functionality and reliability of these methods whith datafile from the medicine compartment after making the algorithm in MATLAB. In form of siple tests, put the touch everyone of classification procedure and find out in which they excel and in which they lags. The choice of input data parametres is very important, this will be tested and noted in conclusions.

This dissertation is an ethnographic exploration of gossip and rumour around the fear and distrust that surrounds a local hospital in KwaNdebele that has acquired a reputation as a slagpale (an Afrikaans term for slaughterhouse). Using ethnographic data gathered over an 18 month period, I examine how gossip (ukuhleba) and rumour (amahemuhemu) capture patient voices of discontent with hospital service while also being a means by which patients seek to discipline medical professionals and to warn others about possible abuse when visiting the hospital. The focus on gossip and rumour answers an often neglected question in scholarship, which is how patients respond to the widely reported power that medical professionals exercise over them? Furthermore, having broadly traced the uses of gossip and rumour in resistance to biomedical technologies to the 1800s, this dissertation moves beyond a focus on patient responses to examine the logic underpinning this resistance. To do this I compare three categories of traditional healers in KwaNdebele. I found that gossip and rumours also circulated about traditional healers although unequally among the three types. There is particular suspicion around non-initiating healers called amagedla who are thought to practice outside ancestral structures of control. I read the emphasis on ancestral regulation as a metaphor for communal control and accordingly conclude that biomedicine and its practitioners similarly meet with much resistance particularly because they are far removed and disempowering to what are often semi-literate and illiterate residents. Finally, the dissertation focuses on stories of hospital hauntings and deaths said to be connected with a diminishing traditional practice of ‘fetching’ the spirits of those who die at the hospital and shows that discourses around hospital deaths and burial rites are intimately connected to broader considerations that extend beyond the hospital setting to encompass socio-economic changes and resultant anxieties. These considerations are framed through an idiom of a call for a return to tradition and ultimately express a perceived crisis of social reproduction in post-apartheid KwaNdebele. / Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / UP Postgraduate Merit Bursary / NRF Scarce Skills Master's Scholarship / Anthropology and Archaeology / MSocSci / Unrestricted

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field of research. Due to major innovations brought about by developments in nanotech, several consumer products are currently available containing nanomaterials. The increase of nanomaterial production and use is accompanied by the increased potential of human, plant and animal exposure to these nanomaterials. As a relatively new nanomaterial, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are being extensively used and researched due to its unique properties. Although many studies have assessed the toxic potential of CQDs, and found them to exhibit low toxicity, there is lack of work assessing the effects on the immune system. In the present study, RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were used as model to assess the immunomodulatory potential of CQDs. RAW cells exposed to varying concentrations of CQDs (0-500μg/ml), showed that CQDs caused a reduction at cell viability. In the absence of a mitogen CQDs, induced an inflammatory response by stimulating the release of various cytokines and chemokines such as, TNFα, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, IP-10, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and JE.

The purpose of this research was to collect and analyze information from massage therapists on how they construct their identities. It is meant to be a starting point in giving voice to a group of alternative health practitioners who have been marginalized and misunderstood. It also helps us to understand what it means (to them) to be massage therapists and practitioners of "alternative medicine." This study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with five licensed massage therapists in two metropolitan areas in Florida. Massage therapists work at the micro level to boost the image of themselves and their form of "alternative" medicine. They do this by pulling professionalizing tactics from general business practices and from biomedicine. They also pull from "alternative" belief systems, balancing the two in a bid to construct their practice as legitimate and "alternative" professional health care.

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The 2014 Ebola outbreak, mostly affecting Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea, is the largest ever recorded. The Ebola response encountered resistance in some affected communities, where some residents accused relief agencies from the Global North of denigrating local cultures. This thesis examines mainstream Western media and health experts’ representation of culture in the Ebola-affected region and employed Foucauldian analysis of discursive power to discuss the impact of such a representation on the concerned communities. Through a content analysis of selected journal and news articles by Western scholars and media and official reports by some relief agencies involved with the Ebola response, the study discovers evidence of culture bias. There was a use of significantly negative words in describing aspects of culture in the Ebola-affected region. Western media and health experts also largely associated the epidemic with African “backwardness.”

Yes / Negotiations to find a legally binding way to strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) of 1972 [1]are in danger of failing. The crisis was precipitated during the current round of talks, now in its final week in Geneva, when the US, alone amongst the negotiating States, rejected the text of a protocol that has taken six and a half years to negotiate.