Brominated flame retardants is a group of compounds present in numerous types of materials in our surroundings. Although their purpose is to slow the progression of a fire, many has been shown to be toxic to the environment. Novel brominated flame retardants have been introduced to the market as old ones have been removed. Reliable methods are crucial to be able to monitor how the novel brominated flame retardant spread and accumulate in the environment. To achieve this, a method validation of a cleanup method using multilayer silica followed by analysis by atmospheric pressure gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectroscopy was performed. This method had been previously used for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and the aim was to see if it could be used for analysis of novel brominated flame retardants as well. Spiking experiments showed generally good results, with recoveries of the native compound ranging from 40% to 174%. To apply the method on real matrix samples, eight samples of osprey eggs and five samples of adipose tissue of ringed seal was analyzed. Several novel brominated flame retardants were found, most abundant being the methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Dominant congener was 2'-Methoxy-2,3',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (2PMBDE#68) followed by 6-Methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6PMBDE#47), 5-Methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (5PMBDE#47) and 5-Methoxy-2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (5PMBDE#100) with concentrations ranging from <0,13-13 ng/g lipid weight in osprey eggs and <0,003-249 ng/g lipid weight in ringed seal blubber. Also 1,2-Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane and pentabromobenzene were found in both osprey eggs and ringed seal blubber. Hexabromobenzene was found in ringed seal blubber and 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene was identified in osprey eggs. / Bromerade flamskyddsmedel är en grupp ämnen närvarande i många olika typer av material i vår omgivning. Även om deras syfte är att bromsa förloppet vid en eldsvåda har många visat sig vara toxiska för miljön. Nya bromerade flamskyddsmedel har kommit ut på marknaden i takt med att gamla tagits bort. Pålitliga metoder är nödvändiga för att övervaka hur nya bromerade flamskyddsmedel sprids och ackumulerar i miljön. För att uppnå detta validerades en metod bestående av flerskiktskiseldioxid och analys med atmosfärstryck-gaskromatografi kopplat till tandem-masspektroskopi. Denna metod hade tidigare använts för analys av polybromerade difenyletrar och målet var att undersöka om samma metod kunde användas för analys ad nya bromerade flamskyddsmedel. Spikning gav generellt goda resultat - utbytet för de nativa ämnena var mellan 40% och 174%. För att pröva metoden på prov med riktigt matris analyserades åtta prov med fiskgjuseägg och fem prov med späck från vikare. Flera nya bromerade flamskyddsmedel hittades, mest förekommande var de metoxylerade polybromerade difenyletrarna. Dominerande kongen var 2'-metoxy-2,3',4,5'-tetrabromodifenyleter, följt av 6-metoxy-2,2',4,4'- tetrabromodifenyleter, 5-metoxy-2,2',4,4'- tetrabromodifenyleter och 5-metoxy-2,2',4,4',6- pentabromodifenyleter i koncentrationer från <0,13-13 ng/g lipidvikt (fiskgjuseägg) och <0,003-249 ng/g lipidvikt (sälspäck). Även 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromofenoxy)etan (fiskgjuseägg och sälspäck), pentabromobensen (fiskgjuseägg och sälspäck), hexabromobensen (sälspäck) och 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene (fiskgjuseägg) identifierades.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

The application of crop residues is one of the most common agricultural practices used to maintain soil ecosystems and crop productivity. This thesis focuses on the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agroecosystem, an important tropical crop that has expanded rapidly over the past four decades. Both land conversion and business-as-usual practices within the plantations have contributed to soil degradation. The application of oil palm residues, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB) and oil palm fronds, are thought to have positive effects on the soil ecosystem; yet there is currently a deficit of knowledge on their effectiveness. This thesis aims to examine the effects of oil palm residue application on soil physicochemical properties, soil biota, and ecosystem functions. It reports the results of extensive field trials, sample collection, and statistical analysis of crop residue applications in oil palm plantations in Central Sumatra, Indonesia. Four key results emerged from the thesis. First, in this study site land conversion from secondary forest to oil palm does not affect litter decomposition rate, but positively influences soil fauna activity. Second, there is greater soil fauna activity following EFB application than oil palm fronds or chemical fertilizers, and the fauna activity is highly associated with changes in soil chemical properties and soil moisture conditions. Third, EFB application enhances soil ecosystem functions, through the direct provision of organic matter, and by influencing soil biota. Finally, over 15 years of application, EFB appears to be effective in maintaining or increasing annual crop yield in comparison to chemical fertiliser treatment. Temporal changes in crop yield under EFB application appear to be associated with climatic conditions and soil organic carbon. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the potential of oil palm residue applications to increase soil quality, soil biota, and ecosystem functions. They also provide useful information for a wider audience of soil ecologists, agricultural managers, and policy makers to improve sustainable management of the oil palm ecosystem.

Research on the Marjum Formation provides insight into facies transitions in the House Range embayment of southwestern Utah during the Middle Cambrian. Sections of the Marjum Formation and equivalents were measured in strata representing shallow- (Drum Mountains), intermediate- (Wheeler Amphitheater), and deep-ramp (Marjum Pass) environments. This traverse across the embayment reveals strong litho- and biofacies changes. The Drum Mountains strata (343 m thick) are dominated by thickbedded shallow-water limestone facies containing polymerid trilobites and stromatolites. The Wheeler Amphitheater locality (392 m thick) provides an example of intermediate deposits between deep-water and shallow-water environments and is characterized by limestone and subordinate shale facies containing polymerid and agnostid trilobites, brachiopods, and sponge spicules. The Marjum Pass locality (424 m thick) contains equal parts shale and limestone facies with abundant fossils that include polymerid and agnostid trilobites, sponge spicules and soft bodied algae, representing deep-water environments. Migration of litho- and biofacies observed within Marjum Formation sections across the embayment shows carbonate ramp build-up and progradation from the Drum Mountains to the Swasey Peak, Wheeler Amphitheater area. Lateral migration of deepwater shale and rhythmite-producing turbidite facies can also be observed on a larger timescale from the Drum Mountains, during the early Bolaspidella time (Wheeler Formation deposits), to the Marjum Pass area (Marjum Formation deposits) by late Bolaspidella time. The Marjum Formation records two, third order shoaling-upward sequences. Fourth, fifth, and higher-frequency (rhythmite) cycles superimposed on these third order sequences can also be identified within the formation and are best preserved within the relatively deep-water deposits at Marjum Pass. Identification of sampled trilobites allowed correlation of known fauna! turnovers found by Robison and Vorwald with observed strata and systems tracts from this study. Stratigraphic locations of trilobite fauna! turnovers were found to be associated with transgressive systems tracts in the Drum Mountains and Marjum Pass localities. Fauna! turnover associated with significant sea-level events within these systems tracts suggests change in water depth altered the local environment forcing extinction and/or migration of organisms. Peak values of total organic carbon (TOC) at each measured section were also found to have a close relationship with maximum flooding zones. Associations of peak TOC values and fauna! turnovers with significant sea-level events demonstrate the value of these tools for correlation across the embayment.

Soil microorganisms have a variety of beneficial and deleterious effects on plants, impacting such processes as plant growth, soil nutrient cycling, crop yield, disease resistance and tolerance to an array of biotic and abiotic stressors. The disruption of soil microbial community structures, particularly when beneficial soil biota are altered, has been shown to reduce crop yield and leave plants susceptible to disease. Long-term disruption of microbial communities may occur with repeated fumigation, being the application of gaseous pesticides, in agricultural soils. For this reason, we characterized bacterial, fungal, oomycete and nematode populations in paired fumigated and nonfumigated potato fields located in Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Minnesota. Samples were taken at three distinct timepoints: one before a fall fumigation event and two others at important stages in potato production, row closure and vine death. Soil biota populations were assessed by targeting the 16S, 18S and ITS1 gene regions. FunGuild, a database capable of guild and trophic assignment of fungal lineages, was used to sort fungal OTUs in different trophic modes. Fungal analyses indicated an increase in relative abundances of saprotrophic fungal populations and a decrease in pathotrophic fungal populations, both during row closure. Principally, the fungal genera of Humicola and Mortierella were responsible for the increase of saprotrophs while Alternaria decreased the most for pathotrophs. Other fungi occupying multiple trophic modes, such as Fusarium, also decreased during row closure. We found that fumigation treatments, in combination with various pesticide and fertilizer applications, alter both alpha- and beta- bacterial soil diversity although certain treatments, i.e. chloropicrin, may alter bacterial populations more than other treatment types such as metam-sodium. Nematode populations were likewise distinct at each location with soils from Boardman, OR, Minidoka, ID and Pine Point, MN with these having higher levels of nematodes associated with better soil health, i.e. Dorylaimidae. Conversely, nematodes associated with plant pathogenesis were found in higher relative abundances at Minidoka, ID and Quincy, WA. In this study, we characterize the populations of bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and nematodes with an emphasis on fungal taxa. We found that relative abundances of fungal trophic modes vary temporally. Additionally, we catalogue several other high abundance taxa with seasonal differential abundances whose functional capacity in potatoes remain uncharacterized.

Bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) e pesticidas organoclorados são poluentes resistentes à degradação e têm sido identificados em vários compartimentos do ambiente marinho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar e validar a metodologia, e avaliar a contaminação por pesticidas organoclorados e PCBs em algas e sedimentos costeiros no Estuário e Baía de Santos-São Vicente e no Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananéia (SP). Foram coletadas nessas regiões um total de 37 amostras de sedimento superficial, 3 testemunhos com 27 sub-amostras e 10 amostras de alga, no período de 1998-2001. O método, que incluiu a extração e purificação com solventes orgânicos e análise por GC-ECD, mostrou-se satisfatório dentro dos padrões internacionais. Na região de Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os DDTs (sedimentos: 0,78 a 14,52 ng.g-1 peso seco) e as maiores concentrações ocorreram nas proximidades da Cidade de Cananéia e Baía de Trapandé. Na região de Santos predominaram os PCBs (sedimentos: 4,08 a 133,42 ng.g-1 peso seco, testemunhos de sedimentos: 3, 70 a 44,65 ng.g-1 peso seco e algas: 15,83 a 43,21 ng.g-1 peso seco) e os maiores valores foram encontrados no emissário submarino, no Estuário de Santos, em locais próximos as indústrias, e no Estuário de São Vicente. De maneira geral, as concentrações tanto de PCBs quanto de pesticidas organoclorados em Santos e Cananéia-Iguape foram baixas. Santos apresentou maior incidência de PCBs, provavelmente devido à industrialização, enquanto que em Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os pesticidas organoclorados, que podem ser atribuídos às antigas campanhas de saúde pública ou aplicações nas lavouras. / Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides are degradation resistant pollutants. They have been detected in several compartments of marine environment. The objective of this study was the optimization of the methodology and the evaluation of the contamination of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs em algae and coastal sediments in the Estuary and Bay of Santos-São Vicente and in the Lagunar Complex of Iguape and Cananéia (SP). An amount of 37 samples of superficial sediment, 3 cores with 27 subsamples and 10 samples of algae was collected in the period of 1998-2001. The methodology was considered satisfactory within international standards, that includes extraction and clean up with organic solvents and analysis with GC-ECD. In the Cananéia-Iguape region, DDTs were predominant and the highest levels were found around the city of Cananéia and in Trapandé Bay. In the Santos area, the PCBs were predominant and the highest values were found around the Santos Bay outfall and in the Estuary of Santos-São Vicente. In general, either the concentrations of PCBs or chlorinated pesticides in Santos and Cananéia-Iguape were low. Santos presented higher incidence of PCBs, probably due to industrialization, while in Cananéia-Iguape the chlorinated pesticides predominated, and that can be attributed to past public health campaigns or to agricultural uses.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-03T11:52:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Gabriela Bueno B. Silva.pdf: 16499028 bytes, checksum: f77bf195f420f4227c29b60a75895d0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T11:52:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Gabriela Bueno B. Silva.pdf: 16499028 bytes, checksum: f77bf195f420f4227c29b60a75895d0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / BITTENCOURT-SILVA, Gabriela Bueno. Insular Anuran (Amphibia) Communities of the Southeast Coast of Brazil: Taxonomic Composition and Relationship to the History of the Islands. 2011. 72p. Dissertation (Master of Science in Animal Biology). Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. A data set containing a list of the known species of frogs that occur near shore and on eight islands of the south coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro and north of the State of S?o Paulo was produced. For that, I compiled data from the literature and conducted inventories of a few of the islands. This list included 67 anuran species belonging to 11 families for eight islands and 117 species and 14 families for two localities on the mainland. The pattern of richness between islands was analyzed in respect to the island area and the composition of habitats used by the anurans for reproduction. Insular structural complexity was also evaluated in this regard. The results of correlation analyses of area vs. species richness and species richness vs. number of reproductive habitats were highly significant indicating that species richness prediction in fragmented environments depends on both factors. Nestedness analyses using the metric NODF was performed in an attempt to investigate whether shared species absences among the islands are the result of a random process or represents a pattern indicative of ordered loss of species. The predicted pattern was confirmed ? that is, that species loss is nonrandom and that this was possibly caused by habitat loss. The role played by climatic events at the beginning of the Holocene and of the availability of reproductive habitats in the islands upon species loss is discussed. Furthermore, it is discussed how these results can help to guide conservation strategies of anuran species. / BITTENCOURT-SILVA, Gabriela Bueno. Comunidades de Anf?bios Anuros Insulares do Litoral Sudeste do Brasil: Composi??o Taxon?mica e Rela??es com a Hist?ria de Forma??o das Ilhas. 2011. 72p. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Biologia Animal). Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. Atrav?s de invent?rios e compila??o de dados da literatura levantou-se a composi??o de esp?cies de anf?bios anuros de oito ilhas, sendo seis da Costa Verde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e duas do litoral norte do Estado de S?o Paulo. Al?m das ilhas, foram tamb?m compilados da literatura os invent?rios de duas comunidades representativas do litoral dos dois Estados. Adicionalmente, foram registradas 67 esp?cies, pertencentes a 11 fam?lias de anuros nas ilhas e 117 esp?cies e 14 fam?lias para o continente. O padr?o de distribui??o de riqueza das ilhas foi avaliado em rela??o ? ?rea das ilhas, ? composi??o de ambientes usados pelos anuros para reprodu??o e ? complexidade estrutural das ilhas. As an?lises de correla??o da riqueza de esp?cies vs. ?rea e riqueza de esp?cies vs. n?mero de ambientes reprodutivos apresentam resultados significativos, que s?o indicativos que a riqueza de esp?cies em ambientes fragmentados depende da intera??o de ambos os fatores. A fim de avaliar se as aus?ncias compartilhadas de esp?cies entre as ilhas ocorrem ao acaso ou encontram-se estruturadas, realizou-se uma an?lise de aninhamento com o aux?lio da m?trica NODF. O padr?o previsto foi confirmado e a perda de diversidade ? discutida em rela??o ? eventos clim?ticos do in?cio do Holoceno e ? disponibilidade de ambientes reprodutivos nas ilhas. Discute-se ainda como os resultados desse estudo podem servir para orientar programas de conserva??o de esp?cies de anf?bios anuros

Bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) e pesticidas organoclorados são poluentes resistentes à degradação e têm sido identificados em vários compartimentos do ambiente marinho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar e validar a metodologia, e avaliar a contaminação por pesticidas organoclorados e PCBs em algas e sedimentos costeiros no Estuário e Baía de Santos-São Vicente e no Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananéia (SP). Foram coletadas nessas regiões um total de 37 amostras de sedimento superficial, 3 testemunhos com 27 sub-amostras e 10 amostras de alga, no período de 1998-2001. O método, que incluiu a extração e purificação com solventes orgânicos e análise por GC-ECD, mostrou-se satisfatório dentro dos padrões internacionais. Na região de Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os DDTs (sedimentos: 0,78 a 14,52 ng.g-1 peso seco) e as maiores concentrações ocorreram nas proximidades da Cidade de Cananéia e Baía de Trapandé. Na região de Santos predominaram os PCBs (sedimentos: 4,08 a 133,42 ng.g-1 peso seco, testemunhos de sedimentos: 3, 70 a 44,65 ng.g-1 peso seco e algas: 15,83 a 43,21 ng.g-1 peso seco) e os maiores valores foram encontrados no emissário submarino, no Estuário de Santos, em locais próximos as indústrias, e no Estuário de São Vicente. De maneira geral, as concentrações tanto de PCBs quanto de pesticidas organoclorados em Santos e Cananéia-Iguape foram baixas. Santos apresentou maior incidência de PCBs, provavelmente devido à industrialização, enquanto que em Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os pesticidas organoclorados, que podem ser atribuídos às antigas campanhas de saúde pública ou aplicações nas lavouras. / Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides are degradation resistant pollutants. They have been detected in several compartments of marine environment. The objective of this study was the optimization of the methodology and the evaluation of the contamination of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs em algae and coastal sediments in the Estuary and Bay of Santos-São Vicente and in the Lagunar Complex of Iguape and Cananéia (SP). An amount of 37 samples of superficial sediment, 3 cores with 27 subsamples and 10 samples of algae was collected in the period of 1998-2001. The methodology was considered satisfactory within international standards, that includes extraction and clean up with organic solvents and analysis with GC-ECD. In the Cananéia-Iguape region, DDTs were predominant and the highest levels were found around the city of Cananéia and in Trapandé Bay. In the Santos area, the PCBs were predominant and the highest values were found around the Santos Bay outfall and in the Estuary of Santos-São Vicente. In general, either the concentrations of PCBs or chlorinated pesticides in Santos and Cananéia-Iguape were low. Santos presented higher incidence of PCBs, probably due to industrialization, while in Cananéia-Iguape the chlorinated pesticides predominated, and that can be attributed to past public health campaigns or to agricultural uses.

Orientadores: Carlos Alfredo Joly, Leila da Costa Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T07:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Drucker_DeboraPignatari_D.pdf: 15081110 bytes, checksum: 0c65dea1ad9b4b55cc2b8108b82d6544 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: No Brasil, há numerosas instituições e cientistas que produzem conhecimento sobre nossos ecossistemas e muito já se sabe sobre nossa diversidade biológica. Novas descobertas e orientações para a tomada de decisão baseadas em conhecimento científico podem ser feitas pelo uso da informação que já existe, mas que em grande parte está dispersa, mal documentada e inacessível aos interessados. Uma integração é, portanto, necessária e pode ocorrer tanto por meio da consolidação de dados de estudos semelhantes, de forma a expandir escalas temporais e espaciais de análise, como pela associação de conhecimentos gerados por estudos com diferentes abordagens. Novas tecnologias computacionais que permitem lidar com informações de procedência diversa e características heterogêneas podem contribuir para representar o estado atual do conhecimento do sistema terrestre e para comunicar esse conhecimento entre os diversos atores interessados. Nessa direção, os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o sistema de informação desenvolvido para o Projeto Temático Biota Gradiente Funcional, como estudo de caso para a integração de dados ecológicos e de biodiversidade, e também discutir as aplicações e limitações desse sistema para a conservação e gestão ambiental. Para isso, proponho um arcabouço para investigar uma infraestrutura de informação sobre biodiversidade e discuto o potencial dessa infraestrutura como objeto-ponte entre ciência e processos de tomada de decisão em conservação e gestão ambiental; analiso também as características de dados ecológicos, boas práticas para documentá-los e algumas ferramentas existentes para gerenciá-los, de forma a promover a integração do conhecimento ecológico, descrevo as etapas de desenvolvimento do sistema de informação para o Projeto Temático Biota e o analiso pelas lentes do arcabouço de investigação proposto. O sistema foi eficiente para gerenciar os dados e metadados do Projeto fornecidos pelos pesquisadores. Foi possível recuperar a informação por consultas integradas tanto ao catálogo de metadados, pelo uso de palavras-chave, quanto à base de dados, pela seleção de variáveis e de parâmetros temporais e espaciais. A possibilidade de consultar qualquer variável de interesse, independentemente da associação com uma entidade taxonômica, configura um sistema de informação sobre biodiversidade original e inovador. No sistema estudado, a base de dados é verdadeiramente genérica: a única restrição é a exigência da informação espacial. Os resultados permitiram concluir que avanços em ferramentas computacionais para gerenciar dados de biodiversidade e ecossistemas permitem análises que potencializam o valor de dados coletados em pesquisas individuais. Para perpetuar iniciativas de desenvolvimento tecnológico, como a do sistema aqui investigado, é necessário empreender mais esforços, no sentido de se promoverem os arranjos institucionais, legislativos e administrativos que atuam como alicerces da infraestrutura da informação e conferem sustentabilidade dos sistemas a médio e longo prazo. Além disso, é preciso capacitar recursos humanos no uso e desenvolvimento desses recursos tecnológicos e promover a sensibilização dos atores envolvidos, a fim de tornar o compartilhamento e a curadoria de dados uma prática amplamente realizada / Abstract: There are numerous scientists and institutions that produce knowledge about Brazilian ecosystems, and a lot is already known about the biological diversity therein. New findings and guidelines for decision making based on scientific knowledge can be made by using information that already exists, but is largely dispersed, poorly documented and inaccessible to users. It is therefore necessary to integrate biodiversity information, which may occur by consolidating data from similar studies in order to expand temporal and spatial analysis scales, or by associating knowledge generated by studies with different approaches. New computer technologies are continuously developed by information scientists, providing opportunities for the Biodiversity Informatics field to improve its capacity of making sense of the growing amount of heterogeneous data of diverse provenance, thus contributing to represent the current state of knowledge on the Earth's Systems and to communicate this knowledge among the various stakeholders. This study aimed at analyzing the information system developed for the Thematic Project Biota Functional Gradient as a case study on biodiversity and ecological data integration, and at discussing the applications and limitations of this system for conservation and environmental management. To this end, I propose a framework for investigating biodiversity information infrastructures and discuss their potential as boundary objects between science and decision making in conservation and environmental management; analyze the characteristics of ecological data, the best practices to document them and some existing tools to manage them in order to promote the integration of ecological knowledge; describe the stages of development of the information system for the Thematic Project Biota and discuss it through the lens of the proposed analytical framework. The information system was efficient to manage data and metadata provided by researchers. Information retrieval was possible by querying the metadata catalog based on keywords, and by querying the database system based on the selection of variables and parameters of space and time. The ability to query any variable of interest, regardless of association with a taxonomic entity, set up an original and innovative information system on biodiversity. In the studied system, the database is truly generic: the only restriction is the mandatory requirement for spatial information. The results showed that advances on computational tools for managing biodiversity and ecosystem data enable analyses that maximize the value of data collected in individual surveys. To perpetuate technological development initiatives such as the system investigated here, it is necessary to undertake further efforts in order to promote institutional arrangements, legislation and administration that act as foundations for information infrastructures and provide sustainability over time. Furthermore, it is necessary to train human resources in the use and development of technological tools, and to promote awareness and a collaborative culture between the actors involved in order to make data sharing and curation widely adopted practices / Doutorado / Aspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e Conservação / Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade

[pt] O objetivo, deste trabalho, foi avaliar as concentrações de mercúrio total (HgT) e metilmercúrio (MeHg) bem como a % MeHg no tecido muscular, no fígado e na gônada da corvina (Micropogonias furnieri; carnívora), do bagre (Bagre spp.; onívoro) e da tainha (Mugil liza; planctívora). Além de alguns parâmetros bióticos tais como: comprimento, peso, idade, maturidade sexual e o sexo. Foi possível estabelecer uma comparação entre as concentrações de HgT no tecido muscular da corvina e da tainha ao longo dos últimos treze anos. A concentração de HgT foi determinado através de EAA - vapor frio utilizando borohidreto de sódio como agente redutor. E a concentração MeHg foi determinada através de GC-DCE. Para o controle de qualidade analítica utilizaram-se amostras de padrões certificados IAEA MA-1 e Dolt-2. As concentrações de HgT e MeHg no tecido muscular dos carnívoros foram maiores que nos onívoros seguidos pelos planctívoros. O fígado de todas as espécies apresentaram as maiores concentrações de HgT. Enquanto, no músculo as maiores concentrações observadas foram de MeHg. A corvina apresentou a maior percentagem de MeHg no fígado comparada ao bagre e a tainha. Nas gônadas a % MeHg correspondeu a 100 %. Foi observada uma correlação significativa e positiva entre a concentração de HgT no tecido muscular do bagre e seu comprimento e peso. Utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney foi observada uma diferença significativa entre as concentrações de HgT e o estágio de vida dos indivíduos, tanto para a corvina como para a tainha. Os resultados apresentaram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as concentrações de HgT no músculo tanto das corvinas quanto das tainhas coletadas nos anos de 1999 e 2003. / [en] This study assesses the concentration of total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg) and the % MeHg in muscle tissue, liver and gonad of three fish species (Micropogonias furnieri - Atlantic croaker; carnivorous fish, Bagre spp. - Catfish; omnivorous fish and Mugil liza - mullet; planktivorous fish). Furthermore, some other biotic parameters with: total length, weight, age, sexual maturity and sex. The mercury concentration along the last thirteen years in Atlantic croaker and mullet muscle tissue was assessed. THg concentrations were determined by cold vapour AAS with sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The MeHg was made by CG-ECD. Theses analytical methodologies presented high precision and accuracy when tested with certified reference materials from IAEA - MA-1 and DOLT 2. The carnivorous fish showed higher THg and MeHg concentrations in its muscles than omnivorous and planktivorous fish. The liver of all fish species showed higher THg concentrations than the muscle tissues and gonad. Meanwhile, the MeHg concentrations were higher in the muscle. Atlantic croaker presented higher percentage of MeHg in liver than catfish and mullet. The fish species showed similar percentage of MeHg in their gonad. Significant and positive correlations were observed between THg concentration in catfish muscle and their total length and weight. Mann-Whitney test showed that the stage of the life of the individuals was one of the parameters that influenced THg concentration in the muscle for carnivorous fish planktivorous fish. The results presented a statistically significant difference between the THg in the muscle of the organisms of the Atlantic croaker and the mullet collected in the years 1999 and 2003.