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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comparision of Shell Closing between Sanguinolaria rostrata and Meretrix lusoria

Chang, Yun-chin 02 September 2004 (has links)
Sanguinolaria rostrata is a deep site-burrowing bivalve commonly found in the southwest coastal waters of Taiwan. It has a long siphon extending to the surface. It is reported that exposed S. rostrata dies in few days without silt. However trussing it up rubber bands or cut off the hinge, it can survive for over one month in the laboratory. In this study the relation of shell closing and mortality for S. rostrata were examined and compared with the hard clam Meretrix lusoria in the similar environments. The size of adductor muscle and its ratio to the shell size, the strength of shell closing and the tissue structure of adductor muscle were examined. The quantities of fructose 2,6- biphosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis, in the adductor muscle of S. rostrata were determined. The results indicated that the average strength of closing shell for S. rostrata was 36.65% and for M. lusoria was 41.19%. The trends of tropic shell closing strength and the size of adductor muscle as well as shell closing strength and the adductor muscle wet weight were the same for the two species. The ranges of strength for muscle closing among S. rostrata of different sizes were smaller than those of M. lusoria. The average ratio of the adductor muscle microfiber to muscle was 55.6¢Mfor S. rostrata and 83.2¢M for M. lusoria. Therefore, the adductor muscle of S. rostrata is looser to M. lusoria. The concentration of fructose 2,6- biphosphate fluctuated widely to the unclamped S. rostrata in the first 6 hours and the concentration reached 7.58£gmole/mg at most. The concentration did not rise between 6 and 24 hours, indicating that unclamped S. rostrata consumed energy within the first 6 hours, then showed no sign of consuming energy.
2

Psychosine-triggered endomitosis is modulated by membrane sphingolipids through regulation of phosphoinositide 4,5-bisphosphate production at the cleavage furrow / サイコシンによるエンドマイトーシスは、分裂溝におけるホスファチジルイノシトール4, 5-ビスリン酸の生合成を制御する膜のスフィンゴ脂質類によって調節される

Watanabe, Hiroshi 23 March 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第20293号 / 人健博第41号 / 新制||人健||4(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 高桑 徹也, 教授 岩井 一宏, 教授 精山 明敏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
3

Estudo da sinalização de mastócitos mediada por IgE: desenvolvimento de inibidores e efeito de níveis reduzidos de fosfatidilinositol 4,5-bifosfato / Study of IgE-mediated mast cell signaling: development of inhibitors and effect of reduced levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate

Santos, Marcela de Souza 03 July 2012 (has links)
As doenças alérgicas alcançaram proporções mundialmente epidêmicas. A ativação de receptores para IgE, Fc RI, em mastócitos, é o mecanismo chave para a iniciação e propagação das respostas patofisiológicas dos processos alérgicos. Após a interação destas células com um alérgeno, há a ativação de uma cascata de eventos de sinalização, a qual resulta na secreção de mediadores alérgicos pré-formados, através de um processo regulado de exocitose, além da síntese e secreção de mediadores lipídicos e citocinas. Desta forma, a inibição da responsividade dos mastócitos, quando ativados por um alérgeno, representa uma via importante para o desenvolvimento de novos candidatos a fármacos com indicação antialérgica. Neste sentido, este trabalho buscou, num primeiro momento, contribuir com a compreensão dos papéis desempenhados por um glicerofosfolipídeo de membrana, fosfatidilinositol 4,5-bifosfato (PtdIns(4,5)P2), em eventos de sinalização em mastócitos, mediados por IgE. Este trabalho permitiu destacar a importância de PtdIns(4,5)P2 como um regulador chave das respostas de Ca2+ e das alterações de morfologia de mastócitos estimulados por um alérgeno. Foi observado ainda que níveis reduzidos de PtdIns(4,5)P2 determinaram a inibição do processo de endocitose de receptores Fc RI ativados, um evento crucial para a redução da transdução de sinais. Estes resultados não somente trazem um ganho de conhecimento acerca dos detalhes que orquestram os eventos de sinalização em mastócitos estimulados por um alérgeno, como também apontam que a regulação dos níveis de PtdIns(4,5)P2 pode certamente ser apontada como alvo para o desenvolvimento de novas moléculas inibidoras da ativação mastocitária. A segunda etapa deste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial inibitório de alguns compostos de origem natural e sintética sobre a degranulação de mastócitos, evento em que mediadores alérgicos, como a histamina, são secretados, em resposta ao estímulo celular. Inicialmente, avaliou-se o efeito inibitório de um conjunto de arilcumarinas sintéticas, estruturalmente relacionadas, sobre a degranulação. Um número significativo de moléculas foram ativas e, dentre elas, algumas substituições junto à estrutura do anel 3-fenilcumarínico, como as hidroxilações das posições 6, 2\'e 5\', puderam ser identificadas como importantes para o potencial bioativo. Finalmente, o trabalho apresentou uma molécula de origem natural, como um potente inibidor da degranulação de mastócitos e da secreção de citocinas. Trata-se da piridovericina, um metabólito secundário, isolado do fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana. Dessa forma, tanto as cumarinas, como a piridovericina podem ser apontadas como compostos de partida de grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos anti-alérgicos. / Allergic diseases have approached epidemic proportions worldwide. The activation of IgE receptors, Fc RI, from mast cells, is the key event for the initiation and propagation of pathophysiological responses involved in the allergic processes. The interaction between mast cells and allergens triggers a signaling cascade, which results in secretion of pre-formed allergic mediators, through regulated exocytosis, in addition to the synthesis and secretion of lipid mediators and cytokines. In this way, the inhibition of mast cell responsiveness, upon allergen stimulation, represents an important pathway for the development of new antiallergic drug candidates. Thus, the present work tried, firstly, to gain better insight of the roles played by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) during IgE-mediated mast cell signaling. This work highlighted the importance of PtdIns(4,5)P2 as a key regulator of Ca2+ responses and mast cell morphological alteration, when activated by an allergen. It was observed that reduced levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2 determined the inhibition of activated Fc RI endocytosis, a crucial event for signal transduction termination. Those results not only improve the actual knowledge in mast cell signaling but also point out the regulation of PtsIns(4,5)P2 levels as a target to be pursued during the development of new inhibitors of mast cell activation. The second part of this work aimed to evaluate the capacity of both synthetic and natural compounds to inhibit mast cell degranulation, characterized by the release of granule-contained allergic mediators, such as histamine, upon cell stimulation. Initially, the inhibitory effect of a set of structurally related synthetic arylcoumarins was evaluated. A significant number of molecules were active, and a few substitutions within such molecules could be pointed as important for the biological activity, such as the hydroxylation of carbons 6, 2\' e 5\' of the 3-phenylcoumarin ring. Lastly, this work presents a natural compound as a potent inhibitor of mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion. The refered compound is pyridovericin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the entomophatogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Therefore, both the coumarin derivatives and pyridovericin can be regarded as lead compounds for the development of new anti-allergic drugs.
4

Estudo da sinalização de mastócitos mediada por IgE: desenvolvimento de inibidores e efeito de níveis reduzidos de fosfatidilinositol 4,5-bifosfato / Study of IgE-mediated mast cell signaling: development of inhibitors and effect of reduced levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate

Marcela de Souza Santos 03 July 2012 (has links)
As doenças alérgicas alcançaram proporções mundialmente epidêmicas. A ativação de receptores para IgE, Fc RI, em mastócitos, é o mecanismo chave para a iniciação e propagação das respostas patofisiológicas dos processos alérgicos. Após a interação destas células com um alérgeno, há a ativação de uma cascata de eventos de sinalização, a qual resulta na secreção de mediadores alérgicos pré-formados, através de um processo regulado de exocitose, além da síntese e secreção de mediadores lipídicos e citocinas. Desta forma, a inibição da responsividade dos mastócitos, quando ativados por um alérgeno, representa uma via importante para o desenvolvimento de novos candidatos a fármacos com indicação antialérgica. Neste sentido, este trabalho buscou, num primeiro momento, contribuir com a compreensão dos papéis desempenhados por um glicerofosfolipídeo de membrana, fosfatidilinositol 4,5-bifosfato (PtdIns(4,5)P2), em eventos de sinalização em mastócitos, mediados por IgE. Este trabalho permitiu destacar a importância de PtdIns(4,5)P2 como um regulador chave das respostas de Ca2+ e das alterações de morfologia de mastócitos estimulados por um alérgeno. Foi observado ainda que níveis reduzidos de PtdIns(4,5)P2 determinaram a inibição do processo de endocitose de receptores Fc RI ativados, um evento crucial para a redução da transdução de sinais. Estes resultados não somente trazem um ganho de conhecimento acerca dos detalhes que orquestram os eventos de sinalização em mastócitos estimulados por um alérgeno, como também apontam que a regulação dos níveis de PtdIns(4,5)P2 pode certamente ser apontada como alvo para o desenvolvimento de novas moléculas inibidoras da ativação mastocitária. A segunda etapa deste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial inibitório de alguns compostos de origem natural e sintética sobre a degranulação de mastócitos, evento em que mediadores alérgicos, como a histamina, são secretados, em resposta ao estímulo celular. Inicialmente, avaliou-se o efeito inibitório de um conjunto de arilcumarinas sintéticas, estruturalmente relacionadas, sobre a degranulação. Um número significativo de moléculas foram ativas e, dentre elas, algumas substituições junto à estrutura do anel 3-fenilcumarínico, como as hidroxilações das posições 6, 2\'e 5\', puderam ser identificadas como importantes para o potencial bioativo. Finalmente, o trabalho apresentou uma molécula de origem natural, como um potente inibidor da degranulação de mastócitos e da secreção de citocinas. Trata-se da piridovericina, um metabólito secundário, isolado do fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana. Dessa forma, tanto as cumarinas, como a piridovericina podem ser apontadas como compostos de partida de grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos anti-alérgicos. / Allergic diseases have approached epidemic proportions worldwide. The activation of IgE receptors, Fc RI, from mast cells, is the key event for the initiation and propagation of pathophysiological responses involved in the allergic processes. The interaction between mast cells and allergens triggers a signaling cascade, which results in secretion of pre-formed allergic mediators, through regulated exocytosis, in addition to the synthesis and secretion of lipid mediators and cytokines. In this way, the inhibition of mast cell responsiveness, upon allergen stimulation, represents an important pathway for the development of new antiallergic drug candidates. Thus, the present work tried, firstly, to gain better insight of the roles played by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) during IgE-mediated mast cell signaling. This work highlighted the importance of PtdIns(4,5)P2 as a key regulator of Ca2+ responses and mast cell morphological alteration, when activated by an allergen. It was observed that reduced levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2 determined the inhibition of activated Fc RI endocytosis, a crucial event for signal transduction termination. Those results not only improve the actual knowledge in mast cell signaling but also point out the regulation of PtsIns(4,5)P2 levels as a target to be pursued during the development of new inhibitors of mast cell activation. The second part of this work aimed to evaluate the capacity of both synthetic and natural compounds to inhibit mast cell degranulation, characterized by the release of granule-contained allergic mediators, such as histamine, upon cell stimulation. Initially, the inhibitory effect of a set of structurally related synthetic arylcoumarins was evaluated. A significant number of molecules were active, and a few substitutions within such molecules could be pointed as important for the biological activity, such as the hydroxylation of carbons 6, 2\' e 5\' of the 3-phenylcoumarin ring. Lastly, this work presents a natural compound as a potent inhibitor of mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion. The refered compound is pyridovericin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the entomophatogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Therefore, both the coumarin derivatives and pyridovericin can be regarded as lead compounds for the development of new anti-allergic drugs.
5

Participation du fructose 1,6-biphosphate dans l'induction de l'effet Crabtree chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Participacio de la fructosa 1,6-bifosfato en la induccion del efecto Crabtree en la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Diaz Ruiz, Rodrigo Antonio 09 February 2010 (has links)
Lorsque la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae pousse en aérobiose, la respiration est immédiatement réprimée après l’addition de glucose au milieu de culture. Ce phénomène est appellé ”l’effet Crabtree”. Il a été rapporté que l’inhibition du flux respiratoire est concomitant avec l’accumulation cytoplasmique des hexoses phosphates provenant de la glycolyse. Dans ce travail, la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae a été utilisée pour chercher à identifier les événements regulatoires à court terme qui sont associés à l’effet Crabtree ainsi que le possible rôle des hexoses phosphates dans l’inhibition de la respiration. En utilisant des mitochondries isolées il a été trouvé que le glucose 6-phosphate et le fructose 6-phosphate stimulent le flux respiratoire. Cet effet est compensé par des niveaux physiologiques de fructose 1,6-biphosphate, lequel inhibe la respiration en absence des autres hexoses phosphates. Cet effet est aussi observé in situ puisqu’il est obtenu en utiisant des sphéroplastes perméabilisés de levure. La répression du flux respiratoire induite par le fructose 1,6-biphosphate est due à une inhibition de l’activité des complexes respiratoires III et IV. Les résultats suggérent que le fructose 1,6-biphosphate pourrait être un des inducteurs de l’effet Crabtree chez la levure. Il est également possible que aussi chez les cellules mammifières cet hexose phosphate puisse réguler le metabolisme des tumeurs, où l’effet Crabtree a aussi été observé. / When the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae grows aerobically, its respiration is immediately repressed when adding glucose to the culture media. This phenomenon has been termed ”the Crabtree effect”. It has been reported that the respiratory flux inhibition is concomitant with the cytoplasmic accumulation of the glycolysis-derived hexoses phosphates. In this work, S. cerevisiae was used to investigate the short-term regulatory events associated to the Crabtree effect and the role of the hexoses phosphates during the respiratory inhibition. Using yeast isolated mitochondria it was found that glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate stimulate the respiratory flux. This was counteracted by physiological concentrations of fructose 1,6-biphosphate, which also inhibits respiration in the absence of the other two hexoses phosphate. This occurs in situ, as the effect mediated by the fructose biphosphate was also observed in yeast permeabilized spheroplasts. The respiratory flux repression mediated by fructose 1,6-biphosphate is due to an inhibition of the activity of respiratory complexes III and IV. The results suggest that fructose 1,6-biphosphate could be one of the Crabtree effect inducers in yeast. In mammals, this hexose phosphate might regulate as well tumour cell metabolism, where the Crabtree effect has also been observed.
6

Etude fonctionnelle du génome de Bacillus subtilis : de nouvelles régulations transcriptionnelles du métabolisme central du carbone.

Doan, Thierry 04 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Chez Bacillus subtilis, la transcription de l'opéron gapA, comprenant les gènes de la partie centrale de la glycolyse, est stimulée en présence de sources de carbone glycolytiques. Nos études in vivo et in vitro de CggR, le répresseur qui contrôle cette stimulation, ont démontré d'une part que celui-ci a la capacité de se lier à une séquence d'ADN inhabituellement longue, consistant en une répétition directe de deux motifs (CGGGACN6TGTCN4CGGGACN6TGTC) et située entre le promoteur et le codon d'initiation de l'opéron cggR-gapA, et d'autre part que son activité est inhibée par le fructose-1,6-biphosphate. Des analyses de séquence et des expériences de transcriptome ont indiqué que CggR, qui est très conservé chez les bactéries à Gram positif et qui définit une sous-famille de la famille de régulateurs transcriptionnels SorC/DeoR, est spécialisé dans le contrôle des gènes de la glycolyse. Ainsi, une collaboration a été engagée avec des structuralistes (CBS, Montpellier) pour aller plus loin dans la connaissance de ce prototype d'une famille encore peu connue de régulateurs. Deux paires de gènes paralogues ont été détectés dans le génome (ywkA et malS, ytsJ et mleA) dont les produits sont homologues à des enzymes maliques. L'analyse transcriptomique globale d'une souche sauvage cultivée en présence de glucose ou de malate comme seule source de carbone montre que l'expression d'ywkA est induite en présence de malate. En collaboration avec l'équipe de Y. Fujita, nous avons montré qu'ywkA codait bien une enzyme malique NADdépendante dont l'expression est spécifiquement induite par le malate extracellulaire et insensible à la répression catabolique. De plus, nous avons montré que le système à deux composants YufL-YufM active directement la transcription d'ywkA en présence de malate. Cependant, YwkA n'est pas requis pour la croissance en présence de malate comme seule source de carbone. La technique d'analyse du transcriptome au moyen de membranes à haute densité est maintenant acquise au laboratoire. Nous avons commencé à mettre à profit cet outil pour une étude globale de l'expression génique en fonction de différentes sources de carbone.
7

Interaction entre membrane plasmique et cytosquelette : Approche biomimétique pour l'étude des interactions entre ezrine, PIP2 et actine

Carvalho, Kevin 20 November 2009 (has links) (PDF)
La membrane plasmique de la cellule est composée de lipides et interagit notamment avec le squelette de la cellule (le cytosquelette), par l'intermédiaire de protéines d'ancrages et de lipides clefs qui jouent un rôle spécifique dans certains types d'interactions. Parmi les protéines intervenant dans l'ancrage direct de la membrane plasmique au cytosquelette, des protéines de la famille des ERM (Ezrine, Radixine, Moésine) peuvent interagir spécifiquement avec un lipide, le phosphatidylinositol (4,5) biphosphate (PIP2), d'une part et avec l'actine du cytosquelette d'autre part. Dans le but de comprendre les interactions entre membrane plasmique et cytosquelette, nous avons réalisé des expériences in vitro sur des systèmes comportant un nombre minimal de constituants : des vésicules géantes (GUV) contenant du PIP2, de l'ezrine recombinante et de l'actine purifiée. Nous avons mis en évidence que la liaison au PIP2 induit des changements conformationnels de l'ezrine. L'ezrine est alors capable d'interagir avec les filaments d'actine. Nous avons caractérisé quantitativement l'incorporation de PIP2 dans la membrane de vésicule géantes, et montré que l'interaction de l'ezrine avec les vésicule géante contenant du PIP2, induit un partitionnement du lipide dans la bicouche lipidique et conduit à la formation d'agrégats de PIP2 et d'ezrine sur la membrane. La connaissance des effets de l'ezrine sur les membranes contenant du PIP2 et la connaissance des différents mécanismes se produisant lors des interactions permettra de définir plus précisément le rôle de l'ezrine in cellulo.

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