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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Approches philosophiques de la conversion chez Pascal et Kierkegaard

Gosselin-Lavoie, Pierre-Louis 19 April 2018 (has links)
L’objet de la présente recherche consiste à expliciter la signification subjective de la conversion prise en tant que transformation voulue des paradigmes. Pour ce faire, sera d’abord abordé le Pari de Pascal en tant que révélateur des tensions qui font de la conversion telle que nous l’envisageons un phénomène hautement problématique, tant parce que, afin d’apparaître en tant que problème pour la subjectivité appelée à se convertir, elle se suppose déjà elle-même en tant que résultat, que par le fait qu’elle laisse difficilement penser la liberté qu’encore une fois elle présuppose. Ces problèmes soulevés, nous les reprendrons ensuite à travers la lecture qu’en fait Kierkegaard et leur déplacement vers la sphère de la décision existentielle. Ce faisant, nous serons à même de constater comment les paradoxes de la conversion laissent penser une conquête du libre-arbitre à travers l’élargissement du cercle de la conscience et de la responsabilité.
102

L'abêtissement chez Pascal

Darveau-St-Pierre, Vincent 08 1900 (has links)
Ce mémoire a pour objectif de préciser le sens du verbe « abêtir » dans les Pensées de Blaise Pascal. Le sort ayant voulu que l’Apologie de la religion chrétienne demeure à jamais inachevée, le philosophe a emporté un secret épineux dans sa tombe : Qu’a-t-il bien pu vouloir signifier en écrivant que le remède à l’incroyance – répéter les gestes et les paroles liés au culte chrétien – abêtit ? Nous montrons à titre préliminaire que s’abêtir signifie devenir-bête, et que ce changement d’état entretient des liens étroits, tant par le contexte de son énonciation que par son champ lexical, avec le « discours de la Machine » et la notion d’« automate ». Notre analyse permet d’inférer que d’un point de vue strictement formel, s’abêtir renvoie à la préparation des habitudes humaines en vue de la foi. Nous montrons dans les chapitres suivants que le vocabulaire de la Machine/automate/bête est susceptible d’éclaircir trois dimensions de cette préparation. En distinguant les perspectives psycho-physiologique, morale et gnoséologique sur le problème de la conversion religieuse, nous montrons que l’abêtissement peut renvoyer simultanément 1) à l’acquisition d’habitudes corporelles et intellectuelles qui conduisent à la foi ; 2) au renforcement de la vertu d’humilité contre l’orgueil hérité du péché originel et qui fait obstacle à la croyance ; 3) et à l’acquisition passive d’une panoplie de connaissances factuelles tirées des Écritures et de l’histoire, nécessaires à une bonne entente des preuves de la vérité du christianisme. Chacune de ces perspectives fait l’objet d’un chapitre. / This Master’s thesis aims to clarify the meaning of “s’abêtir” in Blaise Pascal’s Pensées. As the Apologie de la religion chrétienne was left unfinished, the French philosopher took his secret to the grave: What did he mean by the idea that the cure for unbelief – repeating actions and words related to Christian worship – results in “s’abêtir” ? I argue that “s’abêtir” means becoming-beast, and that the context in which the notion is uttered as well as the lexical field it covers relate to the “discours de la Machine” and the notion of “automate”. My analysis allows me to say that, formally, “s'abêtir” refers to the preparation of human habits to faith. In the following chapters, I show that the vocabulary of Machine/automate/bête is likely to clarify three dimensions for such a preparation. Depending on the position we adopt with respect to the problem of belief, that is, from a psycho-physiological, moral or epistemological perspective, “s’abêtir” can simultaneously mean 1) acquiring corporeal and intellectual habits that lead to faith ; 2) strengthening the virtue of humility against pride, inherited from original sin ; 3) passively acquiring a range of factual knowledge from Scripture and history necessary to understand the evidence of the truth of Christianity. Each one of these perspectives is the topic of one of the successive chapters of this thesis.
103

Contigência e imaginação em Blaise Pascal

Martins, Andrei Venturini 09 August 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREI VENTURINI MARTINS.pdf: 2454937 bytes, checksum: 904d296ca6e5a924a4227c42ecb0c5a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this study we will try to corroborate the general hypothesis that we support, which says that the Adamic sin launches all humanity in a contingency state, which is, however, verified by the effects of the imagination. In the first chapter our concern is historical and, for this reason, we will initiate investigating the beginning of the controversy about the grace in the middle of century V. Saint Augustine will be our object of inquiry: we will deal with some mannering and literal changes of the bishop of Hipona in function of his conversion to the Christianism and his conception of the free will in the discussion with the Manicheans. Later, we will discern the concepts of the original sin and free will in Pelagio and Saint Augustine, in such a way to perceive how the Augustinian conception of the free will changes according to the different contexts that the doctor of grace is inserted. After that we will have a historical jump and will analyze the sprouting of the Jansenism, trying to identify how the discussion about the grace is retaken by the end of century XVI and during century XVII, for soon after that, point out Blaise Pascal, our object of study in this theological complaint, as well as the emergent philosophical quarrel in century XVII. In the second chapter we will analyze in a deeper way the theological aspect of Pascal s work, what will make possible to us to describe the human condition before and after the Adamic sin and to perceive the consequences of the sin for all humanity. One of them is the contingency, characterized by the lack of discernment between the truth and the falseness, so that the human knowledge of the world and about himself is immersed in the contingency, which would, however, reveal in a special way in the imagination, deceitful power that is not a mark of the truth nor of the falseness. Thus we will initiate our third and last chapter, in which we will punctuate the effects of the functioning imagination and will perceive that the reason, joined intrinsically to the imagination, when doing its job discloses the contingency. However, Pascal enhances that some experts in imagination make use of this power to persuade, to construct concepts, to produce laws and to keep the public space reasonably organized. That s the way we understand that the Adamic sin atavistically transmitted to all humanity causes the contingency that manifests itself in the effects of the deceitful power of the imagination / Neste trabalho procuraremos corroborar a hipótese geral que sustentamos, a saber, que o pecado adâmico lança toda humanidade em um estado de contingência, este porém, é verificado pelos efeitos da imaginação. No primeiro capítulo nossa preocupação é histórica e, por este motivo, iniciaremos investigando a raiz da polêmica sobre a graça em meados do século V. Santo Agostinho será nosso objeto de investigação: trataremos de algumas mudanças comportamentais e textuais do bispo de Hipona em função da sua conversão ao cristianismo e a sua concepção de livre arbítrio na discussão com os maniqueus. Depois, trataremos de discernir os conceitos de pecado original e livre arbítrio em Pelágio e Santo Agostinho, de modo que perceberemos como a concepção agostiniana de livre arbítrio muda em função dos diferentes contextos que o doutor da graça esta inserido. Em seguida daremos um salto histórico e analisaremos o surgimento do jansenismo, tentando identificar como a discussão sobre a graça é retomada no fim do século XVI e no século XVII, para logo em seguida situar Blaise Pascal, nosso objeto de estudo nesta querela teológica, assim como a discussão filosófica emergente no século XVII. No segundo capítulo analisaremos de maneira mais aprofundada o aspecto teológico da obra de Pascal, o que nos possibilitará descrever a condição humana antes e depois do pecado adâmico e perceber as conseqüências do pecado para toda humanidade. Uma delas é a contingência, caracterizada pela falta de discernimento entre a verdade e a falsidade, de modo que o conhecimento humano do mundo e de si está imerso na contingência, esta porém, manifestar-se-ia de maneira especial na imaginação, potência enganosa que não é marca da verdade nem da falsidade. Assim iniciaremos nosso terceiro e último capítulo, no qual pontuaremos os efeitos da imaginação em funcionamento e perceberemos que a razão, unida de maneira intrínseca à imaginação, ao realizar seu trabalho revela a contingência. Todavia, Pascal destaca que alguns versados em imaginação usam desta potência para persuadir, construir conceitos, produzir leis e manter o espaço público razoavelmente organizado. É desta maneira que entendemos que o pecado adâmico transmitido atavicamente a toda humanidade causa a contingência que se manifesta nos efeitos da potência enganosa da imaginação
104

O triângulo aritmético

Molitor, Franklin Monteiro January 2014 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jerônimo Cordoni Pellegrini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional, 2014. / O objetivo deste trabalho é dar uma visão bem ampla do triângulo aritmético. Primeiramente esse texto tem um caráter histórico, a partir do texto original de 1654, é apresentado um estudo da visão que Pascal tinha do triângulo e onde ele o aplicava. Seu texto foi colocado numa linguagem mais moderna que o original, mas mantendo toda a sua linha de raciocínio. Além disso, esse texto reúne e demonstra suas propriedades e usos. Cada ideia é exposta de uma maneira diferente ou mais detalhada do que encontramos na literatura. Algumas propriedades são bem conhecidas, enquanto outras normalmente não estão associadas ao triângulo aritmético, como partição de combinações, matrizes de Pascal incluindo forma quadrática e também o plano aritmético, que expande o triângulo aritmético. Por fim, temos uma visão de como o triângulo pode ser usado dentro da sala de aula numa linguagem que será útil tanto para os professores quanto para os alunos. / The objective of this paper is to provide a very broad view on the arithmetic triangle. First off, this text has a historic character. Based upon the original text of Pascal from 1654, a study of Pascal¿s view on the triangle and where he applied it is set forth. Despite the fact that the text was converted into a more modern language than the original, the entire author¿s stream of thought was preserved. Furthermore, this text gathers and demonstrates its properties and usages. Each idea is put across in a different manner or in a more detailed form than we find in the literature. Some properties are well known, while others are not commonly associated with the arithmetic triangle, as partitioning of combinations, Pascal Matrixes including the quadratic form and also the arithmetic plane, which expands the arithmetic triangle. Finally, we have an insight on how the triangle can be used inside the classroom, in a language which will be useful both for the teachers and for the students.
105

Da Pieve di Soligo a Parigi : Andrea Zanzotto e la poesia moderna francese tra Michaux e Cendrars / De Pieve de Soligo à Paris : Andrea Zanzotto et la poésie moderne française entre Michaux et Cendrars / From Pieve di Soligo to Paris : Andrea Zanzotto and modern French poetry between Michaux and Cendrars

Favaretto, Donatella 30 November 2015 (has links)
Andrea Zanzotto (Pieve di Soligo 1921- Conegliano 2011), poète italien parmi les plus marquants du XXe siècle, a privilégié, depuis sa jeunesse, la culture et la langue française. Notre travail met en évidence, à partir de sa poésie, des écrits critiques, de ses traductions et de ses nombreuses interviews, le lien, qu’il a tissé pendant plus de soixante-dix ans, avec la poésie transalpine moderne. Toutefois, c’est seulement à partir des dernières années que la critique littéraire a développé des études comparatives sur l’influence de la poésie étrangère, en particulière française, sur son œuvre. Sa prédilection littéraire commence par Rimbaud, passe à travers le Surréalisme (Éluard), et s’arrête sur certains auteurs appelés « hérétiques » par rapport au mouvement de Breton (Michel Leiris, Antonin Artaud), ou alors sur des auteurs très polémiques (comme Henri Michaux ou Blaise Cendrars avec son poème Pâques à New York) aux quels on a dédié un approfondissement. En ce parcours Zanzotto croise, bien qu’avec moins d’entrain, les contemporains André Frénaud, Alain Borne, Edmond Jabès, Jean Tardieu, Michel Deguy, Yves Bonnefoy, et René Char. Notre thèse, en s’appuyant sur l’examen des textes et sur l’analyse des traductions et des documents inédits, d’une part rends compte du caractère précurseur de Zanzotto pour ce qui concerne la connaissance de certains auteurs et les raisons de son intérêt pour le courant « hérétique » du Surréalisme. D’autre part, ce travail explique l’intersection de sa recherche littéraire, d’un point de vue thématique et linguistique, avec la poésie française et met en évidence le rendu poétique des expressions littéraires et existentielles de l’outrance et de l’absolu d’origine française. / Andrea Zanzotto (Pieve di Soligo, 1921 – Conegliano, 2011), one of the most outstanding poets of the 20th century, showed from an early age a huge interest towards the French linguistic and cultural heritage, above the others. Our thesis highlights how well present his strong relationship with modern French poetry is, testified by his own critical essays, translations and public statements; a connection bound to last for almost seventy years. Only recently the critics have started a comparative approach to the study of the influence of foreign poetry, and French poetry in particular, upon his œuvre. The literary lineage that Zanzotto follows starts with Rimbaud, crosses Surrealism (Eluard ) and then lingers upon a number of authors defined either as heterodox (Michel Leiris, Antonin Artaud,) or extremely critical (Henri Michaux, and Blaise Cendrars, the latter with his short poem titled Pâques à New York, herewith analysed) towards Breton’s movement. Zanzotto also deals with his contemporaries, although with minor depth (André Frénaud, Alain Borne, Edmond Jabès, Jean Tardieu, Michel Deguy, Yves Bonnefoy, René Char). The present research, backed up by textual comparison and the analysis of unpublished translations and documents, focuses on the pioneering features of Zanzotto’s knowledge of all these French authors compared to the subsequent Italian literature, and the reasons behind his ties with the “heretic” current of Surrealism. At the same time, our work explains the intersection, from the linguistic and thematic point of view, with French poetry and shows the poetic outcome of the literary and existential expressions of the Absolute and all-out of French origin.
106

O MAL NA LITERATURA MACHADIANA: UMA LEITURA TEOLÓGICA E FILOSÓFICA DA OBRA QUINCAS BORBA, DE MACHADO DE ASSIS / Evilin the machadean literature: a theological and philosophical Reading of Quincas Borba book, by Machado de Assis

Fuchigami, Ivna Maia 24 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivna 2014docx.pdf: 727686 bytes, checksum: a425a1fcb71cc2b58960eb09fefef5d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research conducts a study about evil based on the book Quincas Borba, by Machado de Assis, under the theological and philosophical viewpoint as the subject has raised several questions in both fields of knowledge. At one time, we intend to indicate that it is possible that a literary work may inspire a theological and philosophical thought without being necessary to prove the religious faith or to unveil a philosophical theory established by the writer. For that purpose, we suggest as authors the theologians Andrés Torres Queiruga, Juan Antonio Estrada, and Ivone Gebara, as well as the philosophers Paul Ric ur, Blaise Pascal and Arthur Schopenhauer. At the same time, we emphasize the Book of Ecclesiastes, of which the carioca writer was a constant reader. Therefore we aim at highlighting and understanding more deeply in the above mentioned book the presence of evil in its most varied aspects in human relations. / A presente pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre o mal a partir da leitura da obra Quincas Borba, de Machado de Assis, tendo como referência um viés da teologia e da filosofia uma vez que este problema historicamente suscitou questionamentos em ambos os campos do conhecimento. Concomitantemente, pretendemos apontar para a possibilidade de uma obra literária fazer surgir uma reflexão teológica e filosófica, sem contanto, ser necessário provar a religiosidade do escritor ou desvelar uma doutrina filosófica criada pelo mesmo. Para tanto, propomos como autores de base os teólogos Andrés Torres Queiruga, Juan Antonio Estrada, e a teóloga Ivone Gebara, e os filósofos Paul Ric ur, Blaise Pascal e Arthur Schopenhauer. Ao mesmo tempo, damos uma relevância ao livro do Eclesiastes, do qual o escritor carioca era leitor assíduo. Com isso, pretendemos evidenciar e compreender mais profundamente na já mencionada obra machadiana a presença do mal em suas mais facetadas manifestações nas relações humanas.
107

Sobre Lukács a partir de sua interpretação n A Destruição da Razão

Carneiro, Rogério de Oliveira 27 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1716.pdf: 531315 bytes, checksum: 80ad12e3b9add2d71c45a8170d033728 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-27 / In the Destruction of Reason, from 1953, Georg Lukács plays several thinkers as philosophics idealizers of german way to Hitler. This work has as purpose to show such reading as a mistake. Another moment, through a deviation about the Hungarian author s trajectory, shows also that there is a transformation in the writing style after his convertion on the communist party in 1918, wich emphasires mainly after the thirties, in it s soviet period. On the other hand, shows also that during Lukács last years there is an effort to revise mistakes of the past / Em A Destruição da Razão, de 1953, Georg Lukács interpreta diversos pensadores como idealizadores filosóficos do caminho alemão até Hitler. Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar tal leitura como um equívoco. Noutro momento, através de uma digressão sobre a trajetória do autor húngaro, mostra também que há uma transformação no estilo da escrita após sua conversão ao partido comunista em 1918, que se acentua principalmente após os anos 30, em seu período soviético. Por outro lado, mostra também que nos últimos anos de vida de Lukács há um esforço para corrigir os erros do passado

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