The objective of this study was to evaluate copper sulphate densitometry as a screening method for anaemia in children. The accuracy of copper sulphate densitometry was also compared to clinical assessment for the presence of pallor and haemoglobin measurement with a BMS-haemoglobinometer. Different observers performed these three screening tests independently. For the purposes of this study, anaemia was defined as a laboratory haemoglobin (Hb) concentration below 10 g/dl. A cross-sectional screening study was undertaken, where the results of the different screening tests were compared to laboratory haemoglobin determination (gold standard). The study sample consisted of one hundred consecutive children, aged between 6 months and 6 years, whose parents had given informed written consent for participation. The study was conducted in the Paediatric Outpatient Department of Pretoria Academic Hospital (73 children) and a local creche (27 children). In this study sample, the prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 10 g/dl) was 17% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 10.2; 25.8). Clinical assessment by students for the presence of pallor had a sensitivity of 41.2% (95%CI 19.4; 66.5), specificity of 81.9% (95%CI 71.6; 89.2), positive predictive value of 31.8% (95% CI14.7; 54.9) and negative predictive value of 87.2%(95%CI 77.2; 93.3). The likelihood ratio for detection of anaemia by clinical assessment was 2.3. Copper sulphate densitometry had a sensitivity of 88.2% (95%CI 62.3; 97.9), specificity of 89.2% (95%CI 79.9; 94.6), positive predictive value of 62.5% (95% CI 40.8; 80.5) and negative predictive value of 97.4% (95%CI 90.0; 99.5) to screen for anaemia. The Likelihood Ratio of a positive copper sulphate-screening test was 8.17. On average, haemoglobin concentration was underestimated by 0.29 g/dl with the BMS-haemoglobinometer, with the 95% limits of agreement ranging from underestimation by 1.3 g/dl to over-estimation by 1.9 g/dl. Logistic regression analysis revealed that both the copper sulphate test and measurements with the BMS-haemoglobinometer predicted anaemia accurately. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for the haemoglobinometer was 0.94 (95%CI 0.87; 1), while the area under the curve for copper sulphate densitometry was 0.89 (95% CI 0.73; 1). Used together, the area under the ROC curve was 0.95 (95% CI 0.89; 1). In resource-poor settings, copper sulphate densitometry could be an accurate, inexpensive and simple screening method for anaemia in children. / Dissertation (MSc (Clinical Epidemiology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Clinical Epidemiology / unrestricted

This research addressed malnutrition in the villages of Topo, Imbabura, Gualabí, Calpaquí and Compañía in the city Otavalo, which is in the Province of Imbaura, Ecuador. The research determined the effects of consumption of small-animals on the diet and hemoglobin levels in school aged boys and girls. This study involved 311 indigenous children between 6 and 12 years of age. Following parental authorization, blood tests and fecal samples were taken from each child to analyze hemoglobin and parasites. Additional information gathered from this study group included a socio-economic survey, frequency of food consumption, 24 hour inventory, animal production, and basic knowledge on anemia to compare the results with the normal standards. The results showed prevalent anemia, poor nutritional conditions, parasite presence, dietary iron deficiencies, and low school performance. Recommendations from these results include using dietary iron supplements and deworming children. This information increases community knowledge of the nutritional conditions of school children and how to improve these situations in general.

No description available.

Effects of fat adaptation and NaHC0₃ supplementation on acid-base homeostasis were quantitated during repeated sprint exercise in horses. Contribution of strong ions ([SID]), Pco₂, and weak electrolytes ([A_tot]) to changes in plasma [H⁺] and the role of erythrocytes in acid-base balance were examined at rest and during exercise. Effects on plasma glucose and blood lactate [Lac⁻] concentrations due to sample handling were also assessed. During exercise, blood [Lac⁻] was higher when horses received NaHC0₃ compared to water prior to exercise (P=0.0024), and in fat adapted horses compared to horses fed a control diet (P=0.0240). Blood [Lac-] was higher in fat adapted horses given NaHC0₃ compared to other diet/treatment combinations (P=0.0276). Plasma [SID] was higher during exercise when horses were given NaHC0₃ compared to plain water (P=0.0054), which contributed to decreasing [H⁺] and increasing [HC0₃⁻] during exercise (P=0.0001). Plasma Pco₂ contributed less to increasing plasma [H⁺] during exercise in fat-adapted horses compared to horses fed the control diet (P=0.0282). Intraerythrocyte [SID] decreased (P=0.0160) and [Atod increased (P=0.0002) which contributed to increasing [H⁺] within the cell (P=0.0228). / Ph. D.

A four variable constitutive equation was developed utilizing the method first presented by Schneck and Walburn. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated on whole blood samples within a narrow range of hematocrit to investigate further the effect of the various plasma constituents on whole blood viscosity. Viscosity measurements were made on one hundred anticoagulated blood samples of known hematocrit and chemical composition. The constitutive equation was developed using a power law functional form similar to that employed by Schneck and Walburn. This equation contains two parameters, the consistency index and the non-Newtonian index. A computerized multiple regression technique with apparent viscosity as the dependent variable was used to determine the particular form of these parameters. The one, two and three variable models developed confirmed the results of the previous work of Schneck and Walburn. The four variable model included the total lipids in combination with the concentration of total protein minus albumin and hematocrit. Spearman rank correlation coefficients showed the highest correlations between whole blood viscosity and the plasma constituents to be those of the globulins, total protein and fibrinogen. The constitutive equation developed did not show as high a correlation between experimental data and theory as did the Schneck-Walburn three variable model. The addition of a fourth variable did produce a statistically significant increase over the best three variable model of the present study. / M.S.

Lo, Yin Wai Wyatt. / "December 2010." / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-206). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.II / 摘要 --- p.VII / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.X / PUBLICATIONS --- p.XI / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.XII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.XVIII / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.XXI / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.XXIV / Chapter SECTION I: --- BACKGROUND --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- PRENATALTESTNG --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1. --- THE AIM --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2. --- INVASIVE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3. --- NONINVASIVE PRENATAL SCREENING --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- NONINVASIVE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1. --- CIRCULATING FETAL CELLS IN PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2. --- CIRCULATING FETAL NUCLEIC ACIDS IN PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Biology of circulating fetal DNA . --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Clinical applications of circulating fetal DNA --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.2.1. --- Qualitative analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.2.2. --- Quantitative analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4. --- CIRCULATING FETAL RNA IN MATERNAL PLASMA --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- Biology of circulating fetal RNA --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- Clinical applications of circulating fetal RNA --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.2.1. --- Quantitative analysis of fetal RNA in maternal plasma --- p.22 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN ANALYZING CIRCULATING FETAL NUCLEIC ACIDS --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2. --- "PREANALYTICAL ISSUES IN MATERNAL PLASMA NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSE"";" --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Low abundance of cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- High level of maternal background in maternal plasma --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3. --- ANALYTICAL ISSUES IN MATERNAL PLASMA NUCLEIC ACID ANALYS --- p.IS / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Imprecise measurement of fetal nucleic acid quantity --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Coexistence of fetal nucleic acids and maternal nucleic acid background in maternal plasma --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4. --- AIMS OF THIS THESIS --- p.41 / Chapter SECTION II: --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1. --- SAMPLE COLLECTION AND PROCESSING --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Preparation of plasma and blood cells --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Preparation of placental tissues --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2. --- NUCLEIC ACID EXTRACTION --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Extraction of total RNA --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1.1. --- Plasma samples --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1.2. --- Placental tissue samples --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Extraction of genomic DNA --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.2.1. --- Plasma samples --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.2.2. --- Blood cell samples --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3. --- CONVENTIONAL REAL-TIME PCR ANALYSIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Principles of real-time polymerase chain reaction --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4. --- DIGITAL REAL-TIME PCR ANALYSIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Principles of digital PCR (dPCR) --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- 384-reaction well dPCR v --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4.3. --- Microfluidics dPCR --- p.57 / Chapter 4.5. --- MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTIONIONIZATION/TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY (MALDI-TOF MS) ANALYSIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5.1. --- Principles of MALDI-TOF MS --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5.2. --- DNA genotyping analysis by MassArray Homogenous MassExtend (hME) assay --- p.60 / Chapter 4.6. --- CLONING AND DNA SEQUENCING --- p.63 / Chapter SECTION III: --- IMPROVEMENTS ON MATERNAL PLASMA ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATING RNA --- p.65 / Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- ENRICHMENT OF PLACENTA EXPRESSED MRNA MARKERS BY WHOLE TRANSCRIPTOME PREAMPLIFICATION --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.69 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Study design --- p.69 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Subjects and sample collection --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- RNA extraction and sample dilution --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2.4. --- Preamplification --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2.5. --- qPCR analysis --- p.74 / Chapter 5.3. --- RESULTS --- p.83 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Comparison of mRNA expression profiles in placental tissues with and without preamplification --- p.83 / Chapter 5.3.1.1. --- Undiluted placental tissue RNA --- p.84 / Chapter 5.3.1.2. --- Diluted placental tissue RNA --- p.88 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- The effect of RNA input on the degree of amplification --- p.92 / Chapter 5.3.2.1. --- Correlation between RNA input and RNA output --- p.94 / Chapter 5.3.2.2. --- Correlation between RNA input and output/input ratio --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3.3. --- Preamplification of maternal plasma RNA --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3.3.1. --- Concentrations of placenta expressed mRNA in third trimester maternal plasma --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3.3.2. --- Concentrations of placenta expressed mRNA in first trimester maternal plasma --- p.100 / Chapter 5.4. --- DISCUSSION --- p.102 / Chapter SECTION IV: --- IMPROVEMENTS ON MATERNAL PLASMA ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATING DNA --- p.105 / Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- ACCURATE GENE DOSAGE ANALYSIS BY MULTIPLEX QPCR --- p.106 / Chapter 6.1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.106 / Chapter 6.2. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- Study design --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Subjects and sample collection --- p.112 / Chapter 6.2.3. --- DNA extraction and sample dilution --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2.4. --- qPCR analysis --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2.4.1. --- Monoplex assays --- p.114 / Chapter 6.2.4.2. --- Multiplex assays --- p.114 / Chapter 6.2.5. --- Microfluidics dPCR assay --- p.122 / Chapter 6.2.6. --- Gene Dosage Comparison --- p.122 / Chapter 6.2.6.1. --- In adult male samples --- p.123 / Chapter 6.2.6.2. --- In maternal plasma samples --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3. --- RESULTS --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- The influence of using the same and different sets of primers for amplifying different chromosomal loci --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3.2. --- Effects of using monoplex and multiplex real-time PCR formulations --- p.130 / Chapter 6.3.3. --- Effects of incorporating calibration curves for template quantification in conventional qPCR --- p.135 / Chapter 6.4. --- DISCUSSION --- p.140 / Chapter CHAPTER 7: --- DPCR DETECTION OF PATERNALLY INHERITED POINT MUTATIONS --- p.144 / Chapter 7.1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.144 / Chapter 7.2. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.153 / Chapter 7.2.1. --- Study design --- p.153 / Chapter 7.2.2. --- Subjects and sample collection --- p.157 / Chapter 7.2.3. --- DNA extraction and sample preparation --- p.158 / Chapter 7.2.4. --- MassArray hME assays --- p.159 / Chapter 7.2.5. --- dPCR assay --- p.159 / Chapter 7.3. --- RESULTS --- p.161 / Chapter 7.3.1. --- Validation of the digital HbE assay --- p.161 / Chapter 7.3.2. --- Determination of the minimum fetal DNA amount required for digital PCR detection --- p.165 / Chapter 7.3.3. --- Detection of paternally inherited fetal HbE mutation in maternal plasma --- p.172 / Chapter 7.4. --- DISCUSSION --- p.175 / Chapter SECTION V: --- CONCLUDING REMARKS --- p.180 / Chapter CHAPTER 8: --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.181 / Chapter 8.1. --- IMPROVEMENTS ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FETAL NUCLEIC ACIDS IN MATERNAL PLASMA --- p.181 / Chapter 8.2. --- PERSPECTIVES FOR FUTURE WORK --- p.184 / REFERENCES --- p.186

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso de raÃÃes de muda contendo diferentes nÃveis de torta de mamona nÃo destoxificada (TM) na induÃÃo da muda forÃada em poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 120 poedeiras da linhagem Lohman LSL, com 81 semanas de idade, distribuÃdas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetiÃÃes de seis aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram na induÃÃo da muda forÃada pelo mÃtodo do jejum e, os demais, utilizando raÃÃes de muda, composta pela mistura de raÃÃo postura com torta de mamona nos nÃveis de 20, 30 e 40%. O mÃtodo do jejum foi aplicado por 11 dias e, para os demais tratamentos, estabeleceu-se a suspensÃo da raÃÃo de muda quando as aves atingiram 23% de perda do peso inicial ou atà 21 dias de alimentaÃÃo. DiferenÃas significativas foram observadas entre os mÃtodos de induÃÃo da muda forÃada para os parÃmetros medidos durante a induÃÃo da muda e no desempenho das aves apÃs a muda. Entretanto, a qualidade dos ovos nÃo variou significativamente entre os mÃtodos avaliados. No geral, o uso de raÃÃo de muda contendo 40% de TM possibilitou a obtenÃÃo de resultados semelhante na produÃÃo e qualidade dos ovos aos obtidos com o mÃtodo do jejum, mas com menor alteraÃÃo dos parÃmetros sanguÃneos. O uso de raÃÃo contendo 20% ou 30% de TM promoveu, no perÃodo apÃs a muda, desempenho significativamente menor que os demais mÃtodos. O uso de raÃÃo de muda composta por raÃÃo de postura contendo torta de mamona nÃo destoxificada no nÃvel de 40% se mostrou uma alternativa viÃvel ao uso do mÃtodo do jejum. / This study aimed to evaluate the effects of changing diets containing different levels of non-detoxified castor bean meal (TM) in the induction of molt and compare them with the method of fasting. Used 120 Lohman LSL strain hens at 81 weeks of age were assigned to completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates of six birds each. Treatments were the induction of molt by the method of fasting as a treatment, and others using diets change, being composed of approach ration containing castor bean at levels of 20, 30 and 40% (T2, T3 and T4 ). The method was applied to fast for 11 days and the other treatments, was established to suspend the declaration of change when the birds reached 23% loss of initial weight or up to 21 days supply. Blood samples were collected, one bird per replicate / treatment at the end of induction of changes were analyzed. Significant differences were observed between the methods of molt induction to the parameters measured during the induction of changes in performance of birds after molting. However, the quality of the eggs did not vary significantly among the evaluated methods. In general, the use of feed containing 40% of changes of TM enabled to obtain similar results in the production and egg quality to those obtained with the method of fasting, but with less alteration of blood parameters. The use of feed containing 20% or 30% of TM promoted in the period after the changes, performed significantly lower than other methods. The ration of changes made by laying diet containing not detoxified castor bean meal in the level of 40% proved to be a viable alternative to using the method of fasting.

The effect of transferring fish from water at pH 7.0 to either more acid or more alkaline conditions was to reduce the maximum critical velocity of the fish. In water of pH 4.0, 5.0, and 10.0, the maximum critical velocity was only 54.5%, 66.5%, and 61% respectively of that recorded for fish in the water of pH 7.0. Thus, both acid and alkaline conditions in the water reduce the aerobic swimming capacity of trout. Exposure to acid conditions increased mucus secretion and this was associated with an increase in coughing and breathing frequency in resting fish. Coughing rate increased from 41/hr to 592/hr; and respiration frequency increased from 81/min to 104/min when fish were transferred from water at pH 7.0 to water at pH 4.0. In comparing fish exposed to acid and alkaline waters, the results indicates that fish have a greater capacity to regulate blood pH in acid than in alkaline conditions. The gill potential was strongly dependent on water pH, being negative in neutral water, but positive in acid water and more negative in alkaline solution. Catecholamine levels increased significantly during acid exposure, but were not altered during alkaline exposure. The increasing catecholamine levels appeared at different time periods in different fish during acid exposure and seemed to be associated with the death of the fish. Na⁺ and C1⁻ ion concentrations in plasma decreased significantly after 24hrs of acid exposure, but did not change significantly in alkaline water. This may indicate that ionoregulatory disturbance in plasma is one of the reasons for the decrease in the maximum critical velocity in acid water, but not in alkaline water. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The high cost of feed materials and feed additives in developing nations has elicited interest in the search for sustainable alternatives. Moringa (Moringa oleifera), one of such sustainable alternatives is a tropical plant that has its usefulness investigated in this study. A 42-day study was designed to determine the response of Ross 308 broilers to dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. The Moringa oleifera leaves used for the study were analysed for proximate, mineral and composition as well as phytochemical contents before being incorporated in the diet. Day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 500) were allotted to five treatments in completely randomized design with each treatment replicated five times and each replicate having 20 chicks. The birds were subjected to diets supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg feed at both starter and finisher stage, respectively and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Moringa oleifera leaf meal level that supported optimum production and physiological variables was modelled using the quadratic function. At day 42, three birds per replicate were slaughtered to evaluate carcass and organ yields. Result of the proximate composition revealed that MOLM is rich in protein (32.37%) and neutral detergent fibre (52.16%). Mineral assay indicated that MOLM was high in calcium, sodium, potassium, sulphur and iron. Daily feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio were the same among the treatments with the exception of starter broilers on diet T1 that had higher ADG (p<0.05) than those on the other diets. Final live weight (FLW), mortality and gizzard weight were influenced (p<0.05) by Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no effect on parameters measured. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation at 39.98 and 35.80 g/kg feed supported optimum FLW and ADG at starter phase and 46.88 g/kg feed MOLM supported optimum FLW at finisher phase. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf meal is a good source of nutrients and suitable for production of enhanced cut parts in broiler chickens. Birds on 50 and 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed had higher (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and glucose than those on the other 3 treatment diets. The white blood cell (WBC) counts for birds on 50 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed were higher (p<0.05) than those on 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed but similar (p>0.05) to those on 0, 25 and 75 g MOLM/kg feed. Blood platelet count maintained the trend 75 g > 0 g > 50 g > 100 g > 25 g MOLM/kg feed with birds on 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed being statistically higher (p<0.05) than those on 25, 50 and 100 g MOLM/kg feed. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no significant effect (p>0.05) on haemoglobin (Hb), total serum protein (TSP), albumin, cholesterol and uric acid. Triglyceride (TG) level of birds on 25, 75 and 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed decreased significantly compared to those on 0 and 50 g MOLM/kg feed. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the differential WBC count. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation with 26.99 g/kg feed and 31.95 g/kg feed respectively supported optimum PCV (38.62%) and glucose (245.42 mg/dl) in Ross 308 broilers. It is, therefore summarized that optimizing MOLM supplementation level in the ration of Ross 308 broilers could assist in improving their productivity. / Agriculture and  Animal Health / Ph. D. (Agriculture)

MAGALHÃES. Kelliani de Sousa. Uso da torta de mamona não destoxificada na indução da muda forçada em poedeiras comerciais. 2011. 44 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2011 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T15:24:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ksmmucida.pdf: 372555 bytes, checksum: b75840a3b3a55679fa42d1927f40fdb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T15:24:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ksmmucida.pdf: 372555 bytes, checksum: b75840a3b3a55679fa42d1927f40fdb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T15:24:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ksmmucida.pdf: 372555 bytes, checksum: b75840a3b3a55679fa42d1927f40fdb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This study aimed to evaluate the effects of changing diets containing different levels of non-detoxified castor bean meal (TM) in the induction of molt and compare them with the method of fasting. Used 120 Lohman LSL strain hens at 81 weeks of age were assigned to completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates of six birds each. Treatments were the induction of molt by the method of fasting as a treatment, and others using diets change, being composed of approach ration containing castor bean at levels of 20, 30 and 40% (T2, T3 and T4 ). The method was applied to fast for 11 days and the other treatments, was established to suspend the declaration of change when the birds reached 23% loss of initial weight or up to 21 days supply. Blood samples were collected, one bird per replicate / treatment at the end of induction of changes were analyzed. Significant differences were observed between the methods of molt induction to the parameters measured during the induction of changes in performance of birds after molting. However, the quality of the eggs did not vary significantly among the evaluated methods. In general, the use of feed containing 40% of changes of TM enabled to obtain similar results in the production and egg quality to those obtained with the method of fasting, but with less alteration of blood parameters. The use of feed containing 20% or 30% of TM promoted in the period after the changes, performed significantly lower than other methods. The ration of changes made by laying diet containing not detoxified castor bean meal in the level of 40% proved to be a viable alternative to using the method of fasting. / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso de rações de muda contendo diferentes níveis de torta de mamona não destoxificada (TM) na indução da muda forçada em poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 120 poedeiras da linhagem Lohman LSL, com 81 semanas de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições de seis aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram na indução da muda forçada pelo método do jejum e, os demais, utilizando rações de muda, composta pela mistura de ração postura com torta de mamona nos níveis de 20, 30 e 40%. O método do jejum foi aplicado por 11 dias e, para os demais tratamentos, estabeleceu-se a suspensão da ração de muda quando as aves atingiram 23% de perda do peso inicial ou até 21 dias de alimentação. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os métodos de indução da muda forçada para os parâmetros medidos durante a indução da muda e no desempenho das aves após a muda. Entretanto, a qualidade dos ovos não variou significativamente entre os métodos avaliados. No geral, o uso de ração de muda contendo 40% de TM possibilitou a obtenção de resultados semelhante na produção e qualidade dos ovos aos obtidos com o método do jejum, mas com menor alteração dos parâmetros sanguíneos. O uso de ração contendo 20% ou 30% de TM promoveu, no período após a muda, desempenho significativamente menor que os demais métodos. O uso de ração de muda composta por ração de postura contendo torta de mamona não destoxificada no nível de 40% se mostrou uma alternativa viável ao uso do método do jejum.