O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar alterações do estado ácido-básico metabólico de equinos antes e após atividade física de intensidade máxima (corrida) através do exame hemogasométrico. Avaliou-se, ainda, a confiabilidade deste exame para o sangue armazenado a 4ºC durante doze horas. Duas amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas de quinze animais clinicamente sadios, sendo a primeira coleta realizada com o animal em repouso e a segunda após o término da prova, e as mesmas foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo I (GI) – pré-corrida e Grupo II (GII) – pós-corrida. As amostras de sete animais foram avaliadas imediatamente após a coleta, enquanto as amostras de oito animais foram mantidas sob-refrigeração a 4ºC (dentro do refrigerador) durante doze horas antes de serem analisadas. O sangue foi analisado para verificar os valores de pH, pCO2, TCO2, HCO3, BE, pO2, sO2 e Lactato. Os resultados grupos foram comparados através da análise de variância. O Teste T de Student foi utilizado para uma comparação das médias das avaliações das amostras analisadas imediatamente ou doze horas após a coleta. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para todas as variáveis analisadas pré e pós-exercício, verificando-se valores significativamente menores para pH, pCO2, BE, HCO3 e TCO2, e valores significativamente maiores para sO2, pO2 e lactato nas amostras coletadas após a corrida em relação aos valores obtidos para as mesmas variáveis com os animais em repouso. Verificou-se, também, diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos imediatamente após a coleta em relação àqueles encontrados nas amostras refrigeradas para todas as variáveis analisadas, tanto com os animais em repouso como após o exercício, exceto para a pCO2 após o exercício. Esses resultados indicam que o exercício físico, bem como o armazenamento das amostras de sangue, promovem alterações nos parâmetros avaliados no presente trabalho. / This study was carried out to verify changes in the metabolic acid-base status of equines before and after physical activity of maximum intensity (race) using blood gas analysis. We also evaluated the reliability of this test for the blood stored at 4 ° C for twelve hours. Two venous blood samples were collected from fifteen clinically healthy animals, the first collection with the animal at rest and the second after the race, and then divided into two groups: Group I (GI) - pre-race and group II (GII) - post-race. Samples of seven animals were evaluated immediately after collection, while samples from eight animals were kept under refrigeration at 4ºC (in a refrigerator) for twelve hours before being analyzed. The blood was analyzed to check pH, pCO2, TCO2, HCO3, BE, pO2, sO2 and lactate values. The results of the groups were compared by analysis of variance. Student's t test was used for comparison of the means of the evaluations of the samples analyzed immediately or twelve hours after collection. Statistical differences were observed for all variables analyzed before and after exercise, showing significantly lower values for pH, pCO2, BE, HCO3 and TCO2, and significantly higher values for sO2, pO2 and lactate in the samples collected after the race compared to the values obtained for the same variables with the animals at rest. There was also a significant difference between the results obtained immediately after collection compared to those found in the refrigerated samples for all analyzed variables, both with the animals at rest and after exercise, except for pCO2 after exercise. These results indicate that exercise and storage of blood samples promote changes in the parameters evaluated in this study.

A monitorização após o parto é necessária a manutenção da vida nos bezerros clonados. É imperativo que os protocolos e procedimentos, bem como a avaliação clínica dos sistemas cardiovascular e respiratório sejam aprimorados para a sobrevida dos clones. As avaliações que permitam averiguar a capacidade de oxigenação dos pulmões são de crucial importância na assistência ao neonato, sendo que para essa finalidade tem-se recomendado a utilização da hemogasometria. O estudo foi dividido em quatro capítulos, sendo o 1 º Capítulo: Comparação das diferenças da adaptação neonatal de bezerros da raça Nelore(n=10) e de bezerros da raça Holandesa(n=10) nas trocas gasosas e nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos obtidos por meio do cateter de Swan-Ganz, o 2 º Capítulo: Avaliação da hemodinâmica e da hemogasometria de bezerros clonados(n=3), e o 3º Capítulo: Relato da utilização da ventilação mecânica não invasiva - modo CPAP- no tratamento de hipóxia neonatal em 10 bezerros e o 4º Capítulo: Avaliação hemodinâmica e hemogasométrica de bezerros neonatos com distúrbios respiratórios submetidos a ventilação mecânica não invasiva com mascara facial modo ventilatório CPAP (n=12). O objetivo deste trabalho será padronizar a utilização de ventiladores em bezerros neonatos dando o suporte respiratório necessário, avaliando hemodinâmicas da pressão da artéria pulmonar, freqüência cardíaca, débito cardíaco por meio da utilização do cateter de Swan-Ganz, a hemogasometria de sangue arterial para avaliação dos distúrbios respiratórios e obtenção dos valores de normalidade dos parâmetros, além de conhecer a adaptação neonatal das raças Nelore e holandesa. Foram determinadas média pressão artéria pulmonar, pressão artéria pulmonar ocluída, pressão ventrículo direito, pressão átrio direito, temperatura, pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, BE, SO2. Os animais foram ventilados modo CPAP- ventilação mecânica não invasiva com mascara facial com pressão positiva no final da expiração(PEEP). / Monitoring after calving is required for the maintenance of life in cloned calves. It is imperative that protocols and procedures, as well as the clinical assessment of cardiovascular and respiratory systems are improved for the survival of clones. Evaluations in order to verify the oxygenation capacity of lungs are crucial in neonatal care, and for this purpose has recommended the use of blood gas analysis. The study was divided into four chapters, the 1st chapter: Comparison of differences in neonatal adaptation of Nellore calves (n = 10) and Holstein calves (n = 10) in gas exchange and hemodynamic parameters obtained by through the Swan-Ganz, the 2nd Chapter: hemodynamic evaluation and blood gas analysis of cloned calves (n = 3), and the 3rd Chapter: Reporting the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation - CPAP- in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic 10 calves and Chapter 4: hemodynamic evaluation and hemogasometric of newborn calves with respiratory disorders underwent noninvasive ventilation with face mask ventilation mode CPAP (n = 12). The purpose of this study is to standardize the use of mechanical ventilators in newborn calves giving the required respiratory support, evaluating hemodynamic pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, cardiac output by using of the Swan-Ganz catheter, arterial blood gas analysis to evaluation of respiratory disorders and obtaining the parameters normal values, and know the neonatal adaptation of Nellore and Hostein Frisian races. They were determined means of pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, right ventricular pressure, right atrial pressure, temperature, pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO 3, BE, SO 2. The animals were ventilated CPAP- noninvasive ventilation mode with face mask with positive pressure at the end of expiration (PEEP)

An arterialblood gas analysis which is conducted in critical care areas contributes to the assessment of a patient's ventilatory status and acid -base balance. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of time delays and temperature on the result of a blood gas analysis. The objective was to either accept or refute the null hypothesis, that there is no relationship between temperature and time delays and an arterial blood gas result Fifteen subjects were randomly selected. The researcher drew three samples of arterial blood from each subject. Ethical principles were observed. An inferential non-parametric statistic was used. The chi-squared test was used to test the hypothesis and the Friedman and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to test the differences between the means. The results revealed that there was a relationship between time delays, temperature and the arterial blood gas result. The null hypothesis was rejected. / Health Stusies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Einleitung: Alpakas gehören zu einer Tiergruppe, die in den vergangenen Jahren im Patientengut der Tierärzte immer häufiger anzutreffen ist. Daher ist es von großer Bedeutung, sich mit der Physiologie und Pathologie dieser Tierart zu beschäftigen. Die Versorgung der Neonaten spielt dabei eine große Rolle. Da Alpakacrias, wenn überhaupt, dann erst sehr spät, klinische Anzeichen einer Erkrankung zeigen, ist es für den Untersucher von großem Nutzen, einen Einblick in den Blutgas- und Säure-Basen-Haushalt, sowie Kenntnis von den hämatologischen und blutchemischen Parametern des Neonaten zu erhalten. Des Weiteren bietet die Blutuntersuchung ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel zur Überprüfung der Versorgung mit kolostralen Antikörpern. Ziele der Untersuchungen: Ein Ziel der Untersuchungen war die Erstellung von bisher nicht vorhandenen Referenzwerten für die venöse Blutgasanalyse, die Hämatologie und für einige blutchemische Parameter bei gesunden, lebensfrischen Alpakacrias innerhalb der ersten drei Lebenstage. Des Weiteren sollte in diesem Zusammenhang die Eignung eines mobil einsetzbaren Blutgasanalysegerätes (epoc®, Fa. Alere GmbH, Köln) für die Tierart Alpaka eruiert werden. Hierfür wurden Doppelbestimmungen der Proben mit einem etablierten stationären Blutgasanalysegerät (ABL90 FLEX®, Fa. Radiometer, Kopenhagen) durchgeführt. Tiere, Material und Methoden: In die Studie wurden 20 gesunde neugeborene Alpakacrias integriert. Die Fohlen stammten vornehmlich aus Stuten, die zur Geburtsüberwachung in die Klinik eingestallt wurden, bei anderen handelte es sich um solche, die innerhalb der ersten Lebensstunden wegen vermeintlich verzögerter Tränkeaufnahme vorgestellt worden waren, was sich aber nicht bestätigte. Alle Alpakafohlen wurden nach dem Gießener Vorsorgeschema II für neonatale Equiden klinisch untersucht. Anschließend erfolgte 3-8 Stunden p. n., 24 Stunden p. n. und 72 Stunden p. n. je eine Blutprobenentnahme. Der erste Analysezeitpunkt wurde bewusst nicht unmittelbar post natum gewählt, da die Etablierung einer stabilen Prägungsphase zwischen Muttertier und Cria nach der ersten Tränkeaufnahme abgewartet werden sollte. Die Blutentnahme erfolgte nach Reinigung und Desinfektion aus der ungestauten V. jugularis externa im Bereich des sechsten Halswirbels. Die Blutgasanalyse wurde innerhalb von 15 Minuten mit den zuvor genannten Blutgasautomaten durchgeführt. Die hämatologischen Parameter wurden mit dem pocH-100 iV (Fa. Sysmex Deutschland GmbH, Norderstedt) bestimmt, die blutchemischen Untersuchungen erfolgten mit dem FUJI DRI CHEM 3500 (Fa. Sysmex Deutschland GmbH, Norderstedt). Insgesamt wurden 55 Blutproben entnommen und analysiert. Pro Analysegerät (epoc®, ABL90 FLEX®, pocH-100 iV, FUJI DRI-CHEM 3500) wurden je 55 Messungen durchgeführt. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mit dem Programm IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. Die Normalverteilung wurde mittels Shapiro-Wilk-Test überprüft. Für den Gerätevergleich (epoc®/ABL90 FLEX®) fand der Wilcoxon-Test Anwendung. Der Vergleich der Zeitpunkte erfolgte über den Friedman-Test für verbundene Stichproben. Des Weiteren wurden für die einzelnen Parameter der Median und die Perzentile, bzw. der Mittelwert und die Standardabweichung bestimmt. Die grafische Darstellung erfolgte mit Boxplots und Bland-Altman-Plots. Ergebnisse: Im Gerätevergleich konnte insgesamt auf eine gute Übereinstimmung der Messwerte geschlossen werden. Signifikante und gleichzeitig klinisch relevante Unterschiede gab es lediglich bei der Bestimmung der Sauerstoffsättigung und des Hämatokrits, was auf unterschiedliche Mess- und Berechnungsmethoden bei den Geräten zurückzuführen ist. So liegen die Hämatokritwerte beim epoc® deutlich unter denen vom ABL90 FLEX®. In diesem Zusammenhang wichtig für die Interpretation der Ergebnisse ist, dass für jedes Messgerät die individuellen Referenzbereiche berücksichtigt werden müssen. Die venöse Blutgasanalyse ergab für gesunde Crias zu Beginn des ersten Lebenstages einen pH-Wert von 7,34 – 7,40, einen Sauerstoffpartialdruck (pO2) von 21,6 – 29,2 mmHg, einen Kohlendioxidpartialdruck (pCO2) von 37,3 – 46,0 mmHg, eine Sauerstoffsättigung (sO2) von 30,5 – 48,0 %, ein aktuelles Bikarbonat (HCO3-) von 21,3 – 25,1 mmol/l, eine Standardbasenabweichung (SBE) von -3,3 – 0,2 mmol/l und einen Laktatgehalt von 1,6 – 3,4 mmol/l. Der pH Wert ähnelte im Verlauf dabei dem von Kälbern und Lämmern gleichen Alters, der pO2 war insgesamt etwas niedrig, aber konstant und ähnelte über den Messzeitraum dem von Kälbern. Es wurden bei den Crias im Vergleich zu Fohlen, Kälbern und Lämmern niedrigere pCO2-Werte festgestellt. Die Sauerstoffsättigung ähnelte der von Equidenfohlen, über den Messzeitraum fällt die Konzentration im Mittel geringfügig ab, bei den anderen Vergleichstierarten steigt sie an. Die Glukosekonzentrationen waren postnatal höher als bei anderen Haustierneonaten (3-8 h p.n.: 4,4 – 8,2; 24 h p.n.: 7,3 – 12,8; 72 h p.n.: 7,3 – 16,2 mmol/l). Laktat kann nicht, wie es beim Equidenfohlen postuliert wird, als Indikator für den Gesundheitszustand eines Alpaka-Crias genutzt werden. Hämatologisch sind die spezielle Form und die hohe Anzahl der Alpakaerythrozyten, die hohe Zahl an Leukozyten und Thrombozyten (speziell bei den Crias), sowie die hohe MCHC zu nennen. Schlussfolgerungen: Es konnten teilweise bisher fehlende Daten zur venösen Blutgasanalyse für die Beurteilung der Stoffwechsellage neugeborener Alpakacrias etabliert werden. Das mobile Blutgasgerät epoc® stellt eine für die Anwendung geeignete Alternative dar.

An arterialblood gas analysis which is conducted in critical care areas contributes to the assessment of a patient's ventilatory status and acid -base balance. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of time delays and temperature on the result of a blood gas analysis. The objective was to either accept or refute the null hypothesis, that there is no relationship between temperature and time delays and an arterial blood gas result Fifteen subjects were randomly selected. The researcher drew three samples of arterial blood from each subject. Ethical principles were observed. An inferential non-parametric statistic was used. The chi-squared test was used to test the hypothesis and the Friedman and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to test the differences between the means. The results revealed that there was a relationship between time delays, temperature and the arterial blood gas result. The null hypothesis was rejected. / Health Stusies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RejaneSS_DISSERT.pdf: 2305528 bytes, checksum: 47bde97e4a35896152b153a7383736d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study evaluated the clinical, hematological, biochemical and blood gas responses and the oxidative stress in sheep submitted to hiperacute anemia and subsequently underwent to homologous transfusion with whole blood, either fresh, or stored for 15 or 35 days. Eighteen adult Santa Inez crossbred sheep, males and females, were used, weighing on average 52kg. The animals were submitted to a single phlebotomy to remove 40% of blood volume and equally divided into three experimental groups: G0 - animals receiving fresh blood; G15 receiving blood stored for 15 days; and G35 - receiving blood stored for 35 days. The animals were submitted to clinical examination and blood collection 24 h after induction of anemia (T0), 30 minutes after transfusion (T30), six, twelve, twenty-four, forty-eight, seventy-two and ninety-six hours post-transfusion (T6, T12, T24, T48, T72 and T96, respectively), and eight and sixteen days post-transfusion (T8d and T16d, respectively). The blood bags stored for 35 days showed an increase in K, pCO2, pO2, lactate, plasma hemoglobin and decreased plasma pH, sodium and leukocytes. The sheep transfused from all groups had increased GV, red cell count and total hemoglobin in the T30. The animals of the G35 had higher plasma hemoglobin in T12, a significant decrease in blood pH indicating a mild metabolic acidosis on T96. With respect to oxidative stress, was observed a decreased on catalase values of the G35 at T30, T6, T12 and T24, suggesting the occurrence of hemolysis witch was supported by the concomitant increase in the total bilirubin values at the same periods. Animals that received blood stored for 35 days showed higher alteration on hematological, blood gas, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as respostas clínicas, hematológicas, bioquímicas, hemogasométricas e o estresse oxidativo de ovinos induzidos à anemia superaguda e transfundidos com sangue total fresco ou armazenado por dois diferentes períodos (15 e 35 dias). Foram utilizados 18 ovinos, machos e fêmeas, com idade entre 3 e 4 anos, pesando em media 52kg. Os animais foram submetidos a uma única flebotomia para retirada de 40% do volume sanguíneo e divididos em três grupos experimentais, sendo o G0 composto por animais que receberam sangue fresco, G15 e G35 animais que receberam sangue armazenado em bolsas CPDA-1 por 15 e 35 dias, respectivamente. Foi realizado exame clínico e coleta de amostras de sangue 24 horas pós-indução da anemia (T0), 30 minutos pós-transfusão (T30), seis, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após à transfusão (T6, T12, T24, T48, T72, T96, respectivamente) e oito e dezesseis dias após à transfusão (T8d e T16d, respectivamente). O sangue armazenado por 35 dias apresentou aumento do potássio, pCO2, pO2, lactato, hemoglobina plasmática e diminuição do pH, sódio e leucócitos. Ovinos transfundidos no T30 apresentaram aumento significativo do VG, hemácias e hemoglobina total. Os animais do G35 apresentaram maiores valores de hemoglobina plasmática no T12 e diminuição do pH sanguíneo, caracterizando leve acidemia metabólica no T96. Com relação ao estresse oxidativo o G35 apresentou redução da catalase no T30, T6, T12 e T24, indicando a ocorrência de hemólise, o que foi corroborado pelo aumento concomitante da bilirrubina. Os animais que receberam sangue armazenado por 35 dias apresentaram maiores alterações hematológicas, hemogasométricas, bioquímicas e oxidativas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RejaneSS_DISSERT.pdf: 2305548 bytes, checksum: 418124494d2c13cd40a5d285bfaec106 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study evaluated the clinical, hematological, biochemical and blood gas responses and the oxidative stress in sheep submitted to hiperacute anemia and subsequently underwent to homologous transfusion with whole blood, either fresh, or stored for 15 or 35 days. Eighteen adult Santa Inez crossbred sheep, males and females, were used, weighing on average 52kg. The animals were submitted to a single phlebotomy to remove 40% of blood volume and equally divided into three experimental groups: G0 - animals receiving fresh blood; G15 receiving blood stored for 15 days; and G35 - receiving blood stored for 35 days. The animals were submitted to clinical examination and blood collection 24 h after induction of anemia (T0), 30 minutes after transfusion (T30), six, twelve, twenty-four, forty-eight, seventy-two and ninety-six hours post-transfusion (T6, T12, T24, T48, T72 and T96, respectively), and eight and sixteen days post-transfusion (T8d and T16d, respectively). The blood bags stored for 35 days showed an increase in K, pCO2, pO2, lactate, plasma hemoglobin and decreased plasma pH, sodium and leukocytes. The sheep transfused from all groups had increased GV, red cell count and total hemoglobin in the T30. The animals of the G35 had higher plasma hemoglobin in T12, a significant decrease in blood pH indicating a mild metabolic acidosis on T96. With respect to oxidative stress, was observed a decreased on catalase values of the G35 at T30, T6, T12 and T24, suggesting the occurrence of hemolysis witch was supported by the concomitant increase in the total bilirubin values at the same periods. Animals that received blood stored for 35 days showed higher alteration on hematological, blood gas, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as respostas clínicas, hematológicas, bioquímicas, hemogasométricas e o estresse oxidativo de ovinos induzidos à anemia superaguda e transfundidos com sangue total fresco ou armazenado por dois diferentes períodos (15 e 35 dias). Foram utilizados 18 ovinos, machos e fêmeas, com idade entre 3 e 4 anos, pesando em media 52kg. Os animais foram submetidos a uma única flebotomia para retirada de 40% do volume sanguíneo e divididos em três grupos experimentais, sendo o G0 composto por animais que receberam sangue fresco, G15 e G35 animais que receberam sangue armazenado em bolsas CPDA-1 por 15 e 35 dias, respectivamente. Foi realizado exame clínico e coleta de amostras de sangue 24 horas pós-indução da anemia (T0), 30 minutos pós-transfusão (T30), seis, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após à transfusão (T6, T12, T24, T48, T72, T96, respectivamente) e oito e dezesseis dias após à transfusão (T8d e T16d, respectivamente). O sangue armazenado por 35 dias apresentou aumento do potássio, pCO2, pO2, lactato, hemoglobina plasmática e diminuição do pH, sódio e leucócitos. Ovinos transfundidos no T30 apresentaram aumento significativo do VG, hemácias e hemoglobina total. Os animais do G35 apresentaram maiores valores de hemoglobina plasmática no T12 e diminuição do pH sanguíneo, caracterizando leve acidemia metabólica no T96. Com relação ao estresse oxidativo o G35 apresentou redução da catalase no T30, T6, T12 e T24, indicando a ocorrência de hemólise, o que foi corroborado pelo aumento concomitante da bilirrubina. Os animais que receberam sangue armazenado por 35 dias apresentaram maiores alterações hematológicas, hemogasométricas, bioquímicas e oxidativas

Blodgassprutor beställs för att undersöka en patients syra-bas-status, laktatkoncentration och elektrolytkoncentration. Några orsaker till balansrubbningar kan vara trauma, syrebrist, infektion, intoxikation eller svält. År 2018 installerades ett nytt rörtransportsystem på Västerviks sjukhus och syftet med studien var att undersöka om det är möjligt att transportera blodgassprutor i det nya rörsystemet utan att provresultat påverkas. Analyser som studerades var pH (power of hydrogen), syretryck, koldioxidtryck, syrgasmättnad, natriumjoner, kaliumjoner, fria kalciumjoner, standardbikarbonat, basöverskott och laktat. Studien omfattade 27 arteriella dubbelprover där det ena provet transporterades i rörtransportsystemet och det andra transporterades manuellt till laboratoriet. Proverna analyserades på instrumentet ABL 800 Flex, inom 30 minuter efter provtagning, med analysmetoderna potentiometri, amperometri och spektrofotometri. Resultaten jämfördes i korrelationsdiagram med en regressionslinje för att påvisa samband mellan proverna. Korrelationsdiagrammen visade positiv linjär korrelation hos samtliga analyser och ett samband kunde påvisas (r = 0,930-0,998). Om resultatet från proverna som transporterats manuellt ökade, ökade även resultatet från proverna som transporterats i rörpost och tvärtom. Ett stapeldiagram skapades för att visualisera skillnader i medelvärde som visade en liten skillnad på basöverskott som ökade efter transport i rörpostsystemet. Ett tvåsidigt parat t-test utfördes för att påvisa om någon signifikant skillnad förelåg mellan analysresultaten. T-testet visade en statistisk signifikant skillnad på syretrycket (p = 0,04), syrgasmättnaden (p = 0,04), basöverskott (p = 0,001) och standardbikarbonat (p = 0,006), då medelvärdet ökade efter transport i rörpost. Medelvärdet för halten natriumjoner minskade efter transport i rörpostsystemet vilket innebar att hemolys inte förekom. Slutsatsen var att det finns en signifikant skillnad mellan blodgassprutor transporterade i rörpostsystem och blodgassprutor transporterade manuellt på vissa analyser, men skillnaden har ingen klinisk betydelse. / Blood gas syringe are ordered to examine the patient´s acid-base status, lactate concentration and electrolyte concentration. Some causes for imbalance could be trauma, lack of oxygen, infection, poisoning or starvation. In 2018, a new pneumatic tube transport system was installed at Västervik´s hostpital and the purpose of this study was to investigate if it is possible to transport samples for blood gas analyses with the new pneumatic tube transport system without affecting the test results. The analyses which were investigated were pH (power of hydrogen), oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, saturation, sodium ions, potassium ions, free calcium ions, standard bicarbonate, base excess and lactate. The study included 27 arterial double samples, one samples was transported in the pneumatic tube transport system and the other was manually transported to the laboratory. The samples were analysed within 30 minutes after the sampling, on the ABL 800 Flex instrument, using the methods potentiometry, amperometry and spectrophotometry. The results were compared using a correlation diagram with a regression line to study the relationship between the parameters. The correlation diagram shown a positive linear correlation and a relationship could be demonstrated for all the parameters (r = 0,929-0,998). If the results from the samples transported manually increased, the results also increased from the samples transported in the pneumatic tube transport system and vice versa. A bar chart was created to visualize differences in the mean values. A difference could be seen in base excess and the mean value increased after transport in the pneumatic tube transport. A two-sided paired t-test was performed to demonstrate any significant difference between the parameters. The t-test demonstrated a significant difference in the oxygen tension (p = 0,04), oxygen saturation (p = 0,04), base excess (p = 0,001) and the standard bicarbonate (p = 0,006) and statistically the values was higher after transport with the pneumatic tube transport system. The mean value for sodium ions decreased after transport in the pneumatic tube transport system and that indicate that hemolysis did not occur. The conclusion of the study was that there is a significant difference between blood gas syringes transported with pneumatic tube transport system and blood gas syringes transported manually, but the differences are not clinically relevant.

Obstruções uretrais em felinos geralmente são secundárias à doença do trato urinário inferior felino (DTUIF), afecção comum em gatos. A doença pode ser auto-limitante, mas a obstrução uretral leva à parada da função renal, gerando uma série de distúrbios no organismo, que necessitam tratamento imediato. A maioria dos estudos sobre as alterações decorrentes da obstrução foi feito em animais em estado crítico ou experimentalmente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever as principais alterações observadas em gatos obstruídos atendidos na rotina clínica e correlacioná-las. Foram avaliados 32 gatos machos com obstrução uretral e sem tratamento prévio. A avaliação constou de exame clínico, hemograma, bioquímica sérica (uréia, creatinina, proteína total, ALT, AST, fosfatase alcalina, sódio, potássio, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, glicemia e lactato), gasometria venosa, exame e cultura de urina e eletrocardiograma (ECG). Os animais foram agrupados conforme o tempo de obstrução (mais e menos de 36 horas). As alterações mais comuns no histórico foram disúria (100% dos animais), disorexia (84,4%), apatia (71,8%), vocalização (68,7%) e oligodipsia (68,7%); no exame físico, desidratação (71,8%), taquipnéia (53,1%) e hipotermia (53,1%). As alterações laboratoriais mais freqüentes foram hipermagnesemia (100%), acidose metabólica (89,6%), hiperglicemia (88,9%), hiperazotemia (84,4%) e hiperpotassemia (80,6%). Vinte por cento dos gatos tinham infecção urinária. Alterações no ECG foram evidenciadas em 39,3% dos casos, sendo a parada atrial com ritmo sinoventricular a mais freqüente. Não houve relação entre as alterações no ECG e os níveis de potássio sérico. A análise dos grupos sugere agravamento da hiperazotemia, hiperpotassemia, hipermagnesemia e do estado geral com a evolução do processo. Nas correlações, a temperatura e a freqüência cardíaca apresentaram relação direta com pH sanguíneo, excesso de base e bicarbonato, e relação inversa com uréia, creatinina, potássio e fósforo. A uréia e creatinina se correlacionaram inversamente com sódio, pH sanguíneo, excesso de base e bicarbonato, e diretamente com potássio e fósforo. O estado geral correlacionou-se com a temperatura, uréia, creatinina, potássio, pH sanguíneo, excesso de base e bicarbonato. / Urethral obstruction is a frequent complication in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), considered a common disease in cats. Most cases are self-limiting, but the urethral obstruction causes renal failure and metabolic alterations which needs immediate treatment. Previous reports selected cats that were critically ill or had a experimental induction of the disease. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical signs, laboratory and electrocardiographyc abnormalities in cats with urethral obstruction and to correlate these results. Thirty-two male cats with natural urethral obstruction and without previous therapy were studied. Complete blood count, serum chemistry profile (urea, creatinine, plasma protein, alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, glucose and lactate), venous blood gas, urinalysis, urine culture and electrocardiogram (ECG) were performed. Two groups of 16 cats were composed (animals under and over 36 hours of obstruction). The most frequent abnormalities described were dysuria (100%), anorexia (84,4%), lethargy (71,8%), vocalization (68,7%), hypodipsia (68,7%), and dehydration (71,8%), tachypnea (53,1%) and hypothermia (53,1%) in physical evaluation. The laboratorial abnormalities most frequently observed were hypermagnesemia (100%), metabolic acidosis (89,6%), hyperglicemia (88,9%), azotemia (84,4%) and hyperkalemia (80,6%). Twenty per cent of cats had urinary infections. Abnormalities in ECG, such as atrial standstill with sinoventricular rhythm, were seen in 39,3% of cases, and there were no correlation with hyperkalemia. The analyses of the groups suggest worsening of azotemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia and lethargy with evolution of obstruction. Temperature and heart rate were positively correlated with blood pH, base excess and bicarbonate, and inversely correlated with urea, creatinine, potassium and phosphorus. Lethargy was correlated with temperature, blood pH, base excess and bicarbonate.

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2017-06-22T15:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Alegani_Monteiro.pdf: 764840 bytes, checksum: cb7bb9af2ba94346a4c59b246f7283b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-22T20:37:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Alegani_Monteiro.pdf: 764840 bytes, checksum: cb7bb9af2ba94346a4c59b246f7283b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T20:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Alegani_Monteiro.pdf: 764840 bytes, checksum: cb7bb9af2ba94346a4c59b246f7283b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Sem bolsa / Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo de água durante a ordenha sobre a hemogasometria e parâmetros metabólicos de vacas leiteiras em diferentes estágios de lactação. Foram utilizados 40 animais de terceira lactação, mantidos em sistema semi-intensivo de criação e distribuídos ao acaso nos tratamentos, permanecendo 10 animais em cada um. Os fatores experimentais foram representados pelos os dias em lactação (DEL), com animais entre 60-120 (DEL60-120) ou acima de 150 (DEL>150), e pelo fornecimento de água durante a ordenha (AOD), formando-se os seguintes grupos experimentais: CA: DEL60-120, sem AOD; CB: DEL>150vacas, sem AOD; TA: DEL60-120, com AOD; TB: DEL>150vacas, com AOD. A água foi ofertada durante as duas ordenhas diárias através bebedouros móveis posicionados em frente às vacas dos grupos TA e TB, e de bebedouros vazios para as vacas do CA e CB, registrando-se o consumo (sim ou não) dos animais suplementados. Foram coletadas amostras de leite e sangue nos dias 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28, para determinação dos teores de gordura, proteína bruta, lactose, sólidos totais e ureia no leite e análises bioquímicas e hemogasométricas. A pressão parcial de oxigênio (pCO2) diferiu entre os tratamentos CA e TA em todo o período experimental. Os valores fisiológicos da pCO2 para bovinos variaram de 35 a 44 mmHg, observando-se que as amostras do TB ficaram ligeiramente abaixo dos parâmetros fisiológicos. Os valores de tCO2 estavam dentro dos padrões fisiológicos. Não foram observadas alterações nas variáveis ligadas ao equilíbrio eletrolítico do sangue. Os resultados de BE, pO2, sO2, Na, K não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Os níveis de ureia não diferiram entre CA e TA, mas diferiram entre CB e TB. Os parâmetros qualitativos do leite não foram alterados pelos tratamentos. A suplementação de água durante a ordenha não influenciou o equilíbrio eletrolítico em vacas leiteiras em diferentes estágios de lactação. A redução da pCO2 observada no grupo TA não foi suficiente para alterar o equilíbrio eletrolítico sanguíneo. / This study aimed to evaluate the water consumption during milking on blood gas analysis and metabolic parameters of dairy cows at different stages of lactation. 40 third lactation animals were kept in semi-intensive system and randomly assigned to the treatments, remaining 10 animals in each. The experimental factors were represented by the days in milk (DIM) with animals between 60-120 (DIM 60-120) or above 150 (DIM > 150), and providing water during milking (WDM). The groups remained as: CA: DIM 60-120 without WDM; CB: DIM > 150 without WDM; TA: DIM 60-120 with WDM; TB: DIM > 150 with WDM. The water was supplied during the two daily milkings through mobile drinkers positioned in front of the cows of the TA and TB groups, and empty water drinkers for cows CA and CB, recording the consumption (yes or no). Milk and blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 to determine the levels of fat, protein, lactose, total solids and urea in milk and biochemical and blood gas analysis. The oxygen partial pressure (pCO2) differed between CA and TA treatments throughout the experimental period. The physiological pCO2 values for cattle ranged 35 to 44 mmHg, observing that samples TB were slightly below physiological parameters. The tCO2 values were within the physiological patterns. No changes were observed in the variables related to the electrolyte balance of the blood. The results of BE, pO2 and Be, SO2, Na, K did not differ between treatments. Urea levels did not differ between CA and TA, but differed between CB and TB. The qualitative milk parameters were not affected by treatments. Supplementation of water for milking did not affect the electrolyte balance in dairy cows in different stages of lactation. The reduction of pCO2 seen in the TA group was not enough to alter blood electrolyte balance.